Ngaba wakha woyika xa umchamo wakho utshintsha umbala ngequbuliso, ujika ube pinki, okanye unegazi? Okanye uziva ngathi kufuneka uchame rhoqo? Kuqhelekile ukuba nabani na azive enovalo xa ebona uphawu olunje. Kodwa ukuba sikuqonda konke oku ngokuchanekileyo, singakwazi ukumelana ngempumelelo nale meko. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko abantu abaninzi abangafuni ukuthetha ngaso, kodwa sonke kufuneka siqaphele, oko kukuthi, umhlaza wesinyi.
Yintoni kanye kanye umhlaza wesinyi?
Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wesinyi kuxa iiseli kwisinyi sethu ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zingalawuleki. Ubusazi na ukuba isinyi sethu sisitho esincinci esifana nengxowa. Umchamo oveliswa zizintso zethu ugcinwa okwethutyana kwesi sinyi ngaphambi kokuba uphume emzimbeni.
Ngoko ke, iiseli ezikudonga olungaphakathi lwesinyi ziyatshintsha ngendlela engaqhelekanga, kwaye ziyahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo zenze ithumba. Oku sikubiza ngokuba ngumhlaza wesinyi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi seli zomhlaza zinokusasazeka ziye kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane nakwezinye izitho. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, kukho umngcipheko wokusasazeka ukuya kwizitho ezikude ezifana namathambo, imiphunga, okanye isibindi.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza wesinyi?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zomhlaza wesinyi. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ngonyango lwakho ngokusekwe kuhlobo lomhlaza onalo.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Carcinoma yeSeli yoTshintsho | Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Luvela kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-urothelial cells ezikwi-bladder ngaphakathi. Ekubeni ezi seli zikwafumaneka nakwezinye iindawo ze-urinary system, ugqirha uza kuhlola yonke inkqubo ye-urinary. |
| I-Carcinoma yeSeli yeSquamous | Oku kunqabile kancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu hlobo lubangelwa kusulelo lwesinyi ixesha elide okanye uxinzelelo oluvela ekusebenziseni i-catheter rhoqo. |
| I-Adenocarcinoma | Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu. Lo mhlaza uqala kwiiseli zedlala zesinyi. |
| I-Carcinoma yamaSeli Amancinci | Uhlobo lomhlaza olukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu nolungaqhelekanga oluqala kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo kwaye ludla ngonyangwa nge-chemotherapy. |
| I-Sarcoma | Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kakhulu oluqala kwiiseli zemisipha yesinyi. |
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umhlaza wesinyi?
Nangona kunzima ukukhomba unobangela othile womhlaza, oogqirha bafumanise izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukutshaya. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukutshaya yimbangela ye-50% yomhlaza wesinyi. Ngalo lonke ixesha utshaya icuba, iikhemikhali ezininzi eziyingozi zingena emzimbeni wakho.
Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zezi:
- Ubudala kunye nesini: Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala asengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umntu osondeleyo kuwe, njengabazali bakho okanye abantakwenu, ukhe waba nomhlaza wesinyi okanye umhlaza wenkqubo yomchamo, nawe usengozini enkulu.
- Ukuchanabeka kwiikhemikhali eziyingozi: Abantu abakwimisebenzi ethile, efana neshishini lokupenda, ishishini lokushicilela, iingcali zobuhle, kunye nabaqhubi beelori, kufuneka bachanabeke kwiikhemikhali eziyingozi ixesha elide. Oku kukwayingozi.
- Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo: Ukuba nosulelo lwesinyi okanye ezinye iimeko zokudumba ixesha elide nako kwandisa umngcipheko.
- Amayeza athile eswekile: Kukho ubungqina bokuba ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile eswekile, njengePioglitazone, kunokunyusa umngcipheko kancinci.
- Unyango lomhlaza lwangaphambili: Ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango lwemitha kwindawo ye-pelvic okanye amayeza e-chemotherapy afana ne-cyclophosphamide, umngcipheko wakho unokwanda.
Zithini iimpawu? Ungazibona njani kwangethuba?
Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lesi sifo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha kwangoko xa uqaphela ezi mpawu.
| Iimpawu zomhlaza wesinyi | |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zesigaba sokuqala (Isigaba I) | |
| Eyona nto iphambili | Igazi kumchamo (i-hematuria). Umchamo unokuba pinki, orenji, okanye obomvu obumnyama. Oku kusenokungabonakali rhoqo. |
| Ezinye iimpawu |
|
| Iimpawu ezenzekayo xa isifo siqhubeka (Amanqanaba Aphambili) | |
| |
Ingakumbi abafazi, basenokungalinaki igazi elisemchameni, becinga ukuba ngumjikelo nje wokuya exesheni okanye enye ingxaki yabasetyhini. Ngoko ke , kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha malunga nokopha okungaqhelekanga.
Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza?
Ukuba uneempawu, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unomhlaza wesinyi.
- Uhlalutyo lomchamo: Jonga igazi kumchamo okanye usulelo.
- I-Cytology: Isampuli yomchamo ihlolwa phantsi kwe-microscope ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza.
- I-Cystoscopy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo noluchanekileyo. Kule nto, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo nge-urethra ize ingene ngqo kwisinyi. Ukuba kukho ithumba, libonakala ngokucacileyo.
- I-Biopsy: Ngexesha le-cystoscopy, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili esikrokrelekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba singumhlaza na.
Ukuba umhlaza uqinisekisiwe, iimvavanyo ezifana ne -CT scan , i-MRI scan , okanye i-chest X-ray zinokufuneka ukuze kuchongwe ukuba usasazeke kangakanani (ukulinganisa).
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ungakhathazeki, umhlaza wesinyi sisifo esinokunyangeka , ingakumbi ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba. Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba lawo, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Utyando
Olu lolona nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu.
- I-TURBT (Ukususwa kwe-Bladder Tumor ngeTransurethral): Njenge-cystoscopy, isixhobo sifakwa kwi-urethra ukuze kususwe kuphela ithumba elinomhlaza eludongeni lwesinyi. Oku kwenzelwa umhlaza okwinqanaba lokuqala.
- Ukususwa kweCystectomy eNcinci: Ukuba umhlaza unqunyelwe kwinxalenye enye yesinyi, kususwa loo nxalenye yesinyi kuphela.
- Ukususwa kweCystectomy okugqithisileyo: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kumaleko wemisipha yesinyi, sonke isinyi kunokufuneka sisuswe. Kwimeko enjalo, kwenziwa indlela yokuphuma komchamo ukuze umchamo uphume emzimbeni.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukunika amayeza okubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kwe-TURBT, amayeza anikwa ngqo esinyini ngetyhubhu (i-intravesical chemotherapy) ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo.
- Unyango lweMisebe: Ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kusetyenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Luvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu ukuze alwe neeseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: Ukusebenzisa amayeza ahlasela iinjongo ezithile ezifunekayo ekukhuleni kweeseli zomhlaza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Eyona nto iphambili ebangela umhlaza wesinyi kukutshaya.Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, zama ukuyeka namhlanje.
- Igazi kumchamo lolona phawu luqhelekileyo noluqalayo lwesi sifo. Ukuba ubona into efana nale, musa ukulibazisa kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba, esi sifo sinokunyangwa ngempumelelo enkulu. Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emi-5 liphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-77%.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi kwaye utye ukutya okutyebileyo kwiziqhamo nemifuno. Oku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki yempilo, kububulumko ukufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngaphandle koloyiko okanye amathandabuzo.
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