Ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza wesinyi, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva usoyika kakhulu kwaye uxhalabile ngawo. Kodwa khumbula, ngoku kukho unyango oluninzi olusebenzayo loku. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngaloo ndlela yonyango. Ugqirha wakho ngokuqinisekileyo uya kukunceda ugqibe ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.
Ukukhetha unyango olungcono kuwe kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi , kuquka ubudala bakho, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani (oku kubizwa ngoogqirha ngokuba "linqanaba" lomhlaza), kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo onazo .
Indlela yokufumanisa ukusasazeka komhlaza
Ngamafutshane, indlela umhlaza osasazeke ngayo inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili:
- Umhlaza ongaphezulu: Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza awukasasazeki kwimisipha yodonga lwesinyi sakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukwiingqimba ezingaphezulu kuphela.
- Umhlaza ohlasela izihlunu: Apha, iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke kwimisipha yesinyi.
- I-Advanced okanye i-Metastatic: Eli linqanaba eliphambili apho umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwesinyi, ukuya kwi-lymph nodes ezikufutshane, okanye kwamanye amalungu omzimba, njengemiphunga.
Uninzi lwabantu abanomhlaza wesinyi lufuna utyando. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha utyando lodwa lusenokungakwazi ukususa ngokupheleleyo esi sifo. Kwimeko enjalo, ezinye iindlela zonyango zingasetyenziswa kunye notyando okanye endaweni yalo. Umzekelo , kusetyenziswa i-chemotherapy, i-radiation, kunye ne-immunotherapy .
Utyando lweTURBT
Olona tyando luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wesinyi okwinqanaba lokuqala lubizwa ngokuba yi-transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Igama elipheleleyo lale nto yi-Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor. Kule nkqubo, oogqirha bathatha iisampulu zezicubu ngaphakathi kwisinyi sakho ukuze bajonge ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na. Okanye, banokusebenzisa le nkqubo ukususa isinyi.
Ngaphambi kolu tyando, ungenza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye ne-X-ray yesifuba ukuze kubonwe ukuba usempilweni na ngenxa yalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lotyando , akukho mingxunya yenziweyo eluswini lwakho. Ugqirha ungena kwisinyi sakho nge-urethra yakho, ityhubhu apho umchamo uphuma khona.
Ngaphambi kotyando, uza kunikwa i-anesthesia eqhelekileyo, ekwenza ulale ngokupheleleyo, okanye i-anesthesia yengingqi, ethintela kuphela inxalenye esezantsi yomzimba wakho.
Emva koko ugqirha usebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-cystoscope. Esi sisibhobho esincinci, eside nesiguquguqukayo. Ekupheleni kwaso kukho ikhamera, isibane, kunye nesixhobo esincinci esinokusika nokususa umhlaza. Esi sidluliselwa kwi-urethra siye kwisinyi, kwaye ikhamera isetyenziselwa ukujonga ngaphakathi kwisinyi. Ngale ndlela, umhlaza okanye izicubu ziyasuswa, kwaye ubushushu busetyenziswa ukunqanda ukopha.
Iisampulu zezicubu ezisuswe ngolu hlobo zithunyelwa kwilebhu kwaye zihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba zinazo na iiseli zomhlaza.
Emva kotyando, kuza kufakwa ityhubhu ebizwa ngokuba yi-catheter kwisinyi sakho. Oku kuza kukhupha umchamo ebhegini. Kusenokufuneka uyigcine kwindawo yayo kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Oku kunokuvakala kungathandeki emva kokuba i-anesthesia iphelile. Amadoda ngamanye amaxesha anokufumana iintlungu kwincam yelungu lawo lobudoda. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, xelela ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi. Ijeli yokudambisa iintlungu ingasetyenziselwa ukunceda.
Uninzi lwabantu luya ekhaya ngosuku olunye lotyando. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ithumba likhulu, kunokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele ubusuku bonke. Usenokubona igazi kumchamo wakho kangangeentsuku ezintathu emva kotyando. Sela ubuncinane iiglasi ezisi-8-10 zamanzi ngosuku ukuze ukhuphe isinyi sakho. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela usulelo.
Utyando lweCystectomy
Ngethuba lotyando, ugqirha ususa inxalenye yesinyi sakho (`Partial Cystectomy`) okanye isinyi sakho sonke (`Radical Cystectomy`).
- Utyando lweCystectomy oluNgaphelelanga: Olu tyando lunokwenziwa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kumaleko wemisipha yesinyi kodwa usemncinci.
- Ukususwa kweCystectomy okugqithisileyo: Ukuba umhlaza mkhulu okanye usasazeke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesinyi, ugqirha uya kususa lonke isinyi kunye nee-lymph nodes ezingqongileyo. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngakumbi, amalungu okuzala ajikelezileyo anokususwa nawo.
- Kwabasetyhini: isibeleko, umlomo wesibeleko, inxalenye yesini, ama-ovari, kunye nemibhobho ye-fallopian inokususwa.
- Kumadoda: I-prostate gland kunye ne-seminal vesicles zinokususwa.
Uza kufakwa i-anesthesia kule nkqubo yotyando, ngoko ke awuyi kuva ntlungu. Uza kuhlala esibhedlele kangangeveki emva kotyando. Uza kukwazi ukubuyela kubomi obuqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango eziphambili
Ukongeza kotyando, kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezibaluleke kakhulu neziphumelelayo.
| Indlela yonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Unyango lwe-BCG | Olu lukwaluhlobo lonyango lwe-immunotherapy. Ulwelo olunentsholongwane iBacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) (uhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebangela isifo sephepha, kodwa engabangeli zifo) lufakwa kwisinyi nge-catheter. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli zomzimba ezikhusela umzimba zingene kwisinyi zize ziqale ukulwa neeseli zomhlaza. |
| I-chemotherapy ye-intravesical | I-chemotherapy ifakwa ngqo kwisinyi nge-catheter ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kusetyenziswa ukuba unyango lwe-BCG aluphumelelanga. |
| I-Systemic Chemotherapy | La ngamayeza anikwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) okanye njengeepilisi. Ahamba egazini emzimbeni wonke, ebulala iiseli zomhlaza ezisasazeke ngaphaya kwesinyi. Anikwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. |
| Unyango lweMisebe | Olu nyango lusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu, njengee-X-ray ezinamandla, ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Alunabuhlungu. Lungathatha iiveki ezininzi, malunga neentsuku ezi-5 ngeveki. |
| Unyango lwe-chemotherapy | Ukuze kuthintelwe utyando lokususa isinyi, zombini i-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation ziyanikezelwa kunye. |
Iindlela zonyango zamva nje neziphambili
Ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, kuye kwavela unyango lwanamhlanje lomhlaza wesinyi.
Unyango lwe-immunotherapy
Oku kukwenza oku kukusebenzisa inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba ukuhlasela umhlaza. Cinga ngayo ngathi iiseli zethu zokuzikhusela komzimba 'zinendawo zokujonga'. Ezi ziindawo ezisinceda sichonge iiseli eziqhelekileyo kunye neentshaba ekufuneka sizilwe nazo. Iiseli zomhlaza zinobuqhetseba kakhulu, zidibana nezi ndawo zokujonga umzimba kwaye zikhohlise inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ukuba icinge, 'Ndingomnye wenu, musani ukundihlasela.' Ngoko ke into eyenziwa ngala mayeza 'e-Checkpoint Inhibitor' kukuyeka loo maqhinga. Emva koko inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba inokuzibona ize ihlasele iiseli zomhlaza. Eminye imizekelo ngamayeza afana ne-'Atezolizumab'`, `'Nivolumab'`, ``Pembrolizumab``.
Unyango olujoliswe kulo
Oku kuquka ukunika amayeza ajolise kutshintsho oluthile lwemfuza (utshintsho lwemfuza) olufumaneka kuphela kwiiseli zomhlaza. Oku kubangela umonakalo omncinci kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Umzekelo ludidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba zii-FGFR inhibitors.
Unyango lweZizalo
Olu lunyango olutsha olusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-gene. Lunokucetyiswa kwabanye abaguli abangakhange baphumelele kunyango lwe-BCG. Amayeza afana ne-`Nadofaragene firadenovec (Adstiladrin)` asebenza ngokufaka i-gene elwa nomhlaza ngqo kwisinyi kwaye avuselele inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
Kubalulekile: Ukuxoxa ngazo zonke ezi ndlela zonyango, iingenelo zazo, iingxaki, kunye nemiphumo emibi, ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho kubalulekile ukuze kugqitywe ukuba yeyiphi ekulungeleyo.
Ngaba singafunda nangezilingo zeklinikhi?
Izazinzulu kunye noogqirha bahlala bephanda ngamayeza amatsha, asebenzayo ngakumbi kunye nonyango lomhlaza wesinyi. Olu nyango lutsha kufuneka luvavanywe ukuze luqinisekise ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba lunikwe izigulane. Olu hlobo lophando lubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lweklinikhi.
Ezinye izigulana ziyoyika ukubandakanyeka, zicinga ukuba aziyi kufumana naluphi na unyango. Kodwa eneneni, kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, isigulana sifumana unyango olusemgangathweni olufumanekayo, okanye unyango olungcono ngakumbi olunokufumaneka kwixesha elizayo. Le yindlela kuphela yokufumanisa ukuba unyango olutsha lungcono kunonyango olukhoyo.
"Soloko ubuza ugqirha wakho we-oncologist ngamathuba ovavanyo lweklinikhi," icebisa ingcali. "Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana ulwazi malunga nonyango lwamva nje."
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unomhlaza wesinyi, musa ukoyika kwaye sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane unyango olukufaneleyo.
- Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, inqanaba lomhlaza (ukuba usasazeke kangakanani), kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
- Unyango olusetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza okwinqanaba lokuqala lutyando lweTURBT.
- Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphumelelayo, ezifana ne-cystectomy, i-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation, i-immunotherapy, unyango olujoliswe kuyo, kunye nonyango lwe-gene.
- Ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho malunga nonyango lwamva nje kunye nezilingo zonyango.
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