Ingaba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuphefumla nokutya? Masifunde ngale (Iringi yemithambo yegazi).

Ngaba umntwana wakho ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi uphefumla nzima? Okanye uhlala ekrwitshwa xa esitya okanye encancisa? Okanye uyahlanza emva kokutya? Esinye sezizathu zoku singaba yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'(Vascular Ring)', esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Igama lisenokuvakala ngathi yinto enkulu, kodwa ungoyiki . Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni le `(Iringi yemithambo yegazi)`? Kalula nje...

Ngamafutshane, i-Vascular Ring sisakhiwo esingalunganga kwi -aorta yomntwana. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni i-aorta. Ngumthambo wegazi oyintloko, omkhulu othwala igazi elineoksijini ukusuka entliziyweni yethu ukuya kuwo wonke umzimba wethu. Ifana nombhobho oyintloko othwala amanzi avela kwitanki yamanzi ukuya kuzo zonke iindawo zendlu.

Kule meko "yeVascular Ring", i-aorta okanye amasebe ayo, i-trachea yomntwana (ityhubhu yokuphefumla) , i-esophagus ( ityhubhu yokutya), okanye zombini, ziyacinezelwa kwaye zijikelezwe kuyo. Cinga ngayo njengento ethile ezisonga ngokuqinileyo kumbhobho wamanzi, okwenza kube nzima ukuba amanzi ahambe.

Ngoko ke, kwenzeka ntoni xa ubambeke ngolu hlobo?

• Ukuba i-trachea iyaxinwa, umntwana unokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla .
• Ukuba umphimbo uyaqina, umntwana unokuba nobunzima bokutya, ukuncancisa , okanye ukuginya.

Esi sisiphene esizalwa naso. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana uzalwa enale meko esesesibelekweni. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yinto enzulu, kodwa eyona nto ingcono kukuba inokunyangeka ngempumelelo ngotyando.

I-aorta idla ngokwakheka njani? Kwenzeka ntoni kwisangqa semithambo yegazi?

Makhe sijonge indlela i-aorta yomntwana ehlala ngayo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, i-aorta iqala kwigumbi elisezantsi lasekhohlo lentliziyo yomntwana (i-ventricle yasekhohlo). Emva koko inyuka kwi-trachea, ijike ibe yi-arch (i-aortic arch), ize yehle kwakhona kwi-trachea (i-aorta ehlayo). Ukusuka kule arch nakwinxalenye ehlayo, imithambo yegazi emininzi emincinci iyahlukana ukuze inike igazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Nangona kunjalo, kumntwana onemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Vascular Ring", lo mthambo mkhulu "(Aorta)" okanye amasebe awo, i-trachea, i-esophagus, okanye zombini, zijikeleza njengeringi, nokuba ziphelele okanye aziphelelanga. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Vascular Ring".

Khawuthelekelele, oku kufana nokusonga umbhobho wamanzi emyezweni wethu ujikeleze ingcambu yomthi, unciphisa amanzi agelezayo.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-`(Vascular Ring)`?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo apho le `(iRing yeVascular)` inokwenziwa khona. Ezona ntlobo zintathu zixhaphakileyo zezi:

1. `I-Double Aortic Arch`:Okwenzekayo koku kukuba i-aorta iqala ngendlela eqhelekileyo, ize yahlulwe ibe zii-arches ezimbini. Ezi arches zimbini zijikeleza kwaye ziqinise umphimbo womntwana, i-trachea, kunye ne-esophagus. Emva koko ezi arches zimbini ziyadibana kwelinye icala zize zibe ngumthambo wegazi omnye kwakhona.

2. I-Aortic Arch yasekunene: Apha, i-aorta iqala ngendlela engalunganga, kwicala lasekunene le-trachea endaweni yekhohlo. Emva koko, umthambo wegazi oqhelekileyo uqala ngendlela engalunganga uze uhambe emva kwe-esophagus. Eli sebe livelisa omnye umthambo (umthambo we-subclavian wasekhohlo ) othwala igazi uye engalweni yasekhohlo yomntwana. Le ring igcwaliswa yintsalela yomthambo wegazi owawuvuliwe ngexesha lobomi bomntwana ongekazalwa uze uvale (i-Ligamentum Arteriosum). Le mithambo yegazi inokudibana ize icinezele i-trachea yomntwana, i-esophagus, okanye zombini.

3. I-Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery (RSA): Le ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Arteria Lusoria. Ngokwesiqhelo, le artery iqala kwi-Brachiocephalic Trunk, enye yemithambo emithathu evela kwi-Aortic Arch. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, i-Aberrant RSA iqala ngqo kwi-Aortic Arch. Ayiloringi epheleleyo , ngoko ke isenokungabangeli zimpawu.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko `(Iringi yemithambo yegazi)`?

I-Vascular Ring yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu . Akukho namnye kwiintsana ezili-100 oyifumanayo. Nokuba uneziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo, phakathi kwe-1% ne-3% yazo ifumana i-vascular ring. Ngoko ke, asiyonto eyenzekayo kubantu abaninzi.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana le meko?

Le meko inokwenzeka kwiintsana zalo naluphi na uhlanga okanye uhlanga. Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo ungaziwa, kufunyenwe ukuba ixhaphake kabini kwiintsana ezingamaduna kuneentsana ezingamantombazana .

Yintoni ebangela ukuba le `(iRingi yeMithambo)` yenziwe?

Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni le "ring yemithambo yegazi" yakheka ngexesha lokukhula komntwana ongekazalwa. Kudla ngokwenzeka ukuba njengoko umntwana ekhula esibelekweni, kubekho iindawo ezithile ze-aorta ezimele ziwe. Nangona kunjalo, kucingelwa ukuba le meko yenzeka xa ezo ndawo zingawi .

Zithini iimpawu zeRingi yeMithambo?

Ukuba indandatho yemithambo yegazi ibonisa iimpawu okanye hayi, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, nini, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nokuba icinezela kangakanani i-trachea okanye i-esophagus.

Abanye abantwana banokubonakalisa iimpawu besebancinci . Abanye banokubonakalisa iimpawu xa sele bekhulile, okanye sele bekhulile. Okumangalisayo kukuba, abanye abantu basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu kwaphela .

Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu usenokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla okanye bokuginya ixesha elide, kwaye nangona ebona ugqirha wemiphunga okanye ugqirha wezifo zamathumbu ukuze afumane unyango, usenokungakwazi ukufumana ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki.

Iimpawu ezenzekayo xa i-trachea ichaphazelekile:

I-trachea yi-windpipe. Ngoko ke ukuba iyancipha, ungabona iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukukhwehlela rhoqo.
• Izifo zokuphefumla ezixhaphakileyo (umz. i-pneumonia).
• Ukuvutha kwempumlo ( ukuvutha kwempumlo xa uphefumla).
• Isandi esingaqhelekanga xa uphefumla (umz., `(Ukuphefumula)` - isandi sokuphefumla esifubeni, `(I-Stridor)` - isandi esikhulu esiphuma emqaleni).
• I-Respiratory Cyanosis kukutshintsha kombala wesikhumba okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumla.

Iimpawu ezenzekayo xa i-esophagus ichaphazelekile:

Umqala ngumphambo wokutya. Ukuba uyancipha, ungafumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• I-asidi ebuyela umva .
• Ukungakwazi ukutyeba nokungondleki kakuhle "kukungaphumeleli".
• Uziva ngathi kukho into ebambeke emqaleni wakho .
• Ubunzima bokutya , ukukrwitshwa rhoqo xa usitya.
• Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia), ingakumbi xa uginya ukutya okuqinileyo.
• Ukuhlanza rhoqo.

Ezinye iimpawu zentliziyo:

Ngamanye amaxesha abantu abaneVascular Ring banokuba nezinye iziphene zentliziyo abazalwa nazo. Kwimeko enjalo, ungabona neempawu ezifana nezi:

• Isandi esingaqhelekanga esivakalayo entliziyweni sithi "Heart Murmur".
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokungangqalanga (intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokungangqalanga).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea).

Ifunyaniswa njani le meko `(Iringi yemithambo yegazi)`? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba ugqirha urhanela ukuba kukho i-vascular ring, angenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa imeko:

• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Le ithatha imifanekiso yamalungu angaphakathi esifubeni somntwana. Olu luvavanyo lokuqala oluyenziwa rhoqo.
• I-CT scan: Oku kungathatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yezinto ezingaphakathi emzimbeni, ingakumbi intliziyo, umphimbo, kunye nomqala.
• I-Echocardiogram: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-echo, le ithatha imifanekiso efana nevidiyo yentliziyo yomntwana kunye ne-aorta ehambayo.

Ukongeza kwezi mvavanyo, kunokwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo ukuze kubonwe ukuba i-trachea okanye i-esophagus ikwimeko enjani:

• I-Barium Swallow `(I-Barium Swallow)` / `(I-Esophagogram)`:Kule nto, ulwelo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Barium)` lunikwa umntwana ukuba alusele. Emva koko, kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ukuba olu lwelo `(Barium)` luhamba njani kwi-esophagus `(Esophagus). Ukuba i-esophagus `(Esophagus)` ivalwe yi-`(Vascular Ring), inokubonwa ngolu vavanyo.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kule nto, ityhubhu encinci enekhamera encinci kunye nokukhanya kudluliselwa emlonyeni okanye empumlweni yomntwana, ngombhobho womoya (i-trachea) ukuya emiphungeni, ukuze kuhlolwe ngaphakathi.
• I-Upper Endoscopy: Le ikwayityhubhu. Kodwa idluliselwa emlonyeni ize yehle kwi-esophagus ukuze ijonge ngaphakathi.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zale `(Iringi yemithambo yegazi)`?

Ukuba indandatho yemithambo yegazi ibangela ukuba umphimbo womntwana okanye umqala uvaleke, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye bokutya, utyando lunokufuneka .

Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izangqa zemithambo yegazi ekufuneka zilungiswe ngotyando ngexesha lobuntwana. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne-double aortic arch, zifuna utyando ngokukhawuleza.

Uhlobo lotyando oluqhutywayo luxhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana, uhlobo lweringi yemithambo yegazi, kunye nokuba inzima kangakanani. Olu tyando ludla ngokubandakanya:

• Ukusikwa nokwahlulwa kwenxalenye yeringi yemithambo yegazi ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo.
• Ukususa iqhekeza elincinci le-aorta okanye elinye i-artery.

Ixesha elininzi, olu tyando lwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci ecaleni kwesifuba somntwana (inkqubo evulekileyo - `(iThoracotomy)`) . Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka isikwe esikhulu kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile, kubantwana abadala kancinci, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwenza inkqubo engangeneleli kangako .

Ngaba zikho iindlela zokuthintela ukwakheka kwale `(iRingi yeVascular)`?

Enyanisweni, izazinzulu azikaqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni "indandatho yemithambo yegazi" yakheka ngexesha lesigaba sokukhulelwa, ngoko ke okwangoku akukho ndlela ithile yokuyithintela .

Luhlobo luni lwekamva umntu onesi sifo anokulilindela?

Utyando lokwenza iVascular Ring lukhuselekile kwaye luphumelele kakhulu . Nangona ezinye iimpawu zisenokuqhubeka iinyanga ezininzi emva kotyando, uninzi lwabantu phantse alunazo iimpawu kwaphela kunyaka .

Uninzi lwabantu alusayi kuphinda lufuneke ukuba luphinde lwenziwe utyando. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kufuneke olunye utyando.

Nokuba emva kotyando, kunokufuneka ubone iingcali ukuze ufumane iingcebiso (ulandelelwano) kangangeminyaka. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• Ingcali yentliziyo.
• Ugqirha ochwephesha kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya (Gastroenterologist).
• Ugqirha ochwephesha kwinkqubo yokuphefumla (i-Pulmonologist).

Yintoni enye endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha malunga neVascular Ring?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Vascular Ring", kulungile ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Loluphi uhlobo lwe-`(Iringi yemithambo yegazi)`?
• Ingaba oku kujikeleze i-trachea yam, i-esophagus, okanye zombini?
• Ingaba uyayicebisa into yotyando? Ukuba kunjalo, ingaba ivulekile okanye ayingenisi kakhulu?
• Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
• Ngaba iimpawu zam ziya kuphela emva kotyando?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndidibane nezinye iingcali?
• Ngaba ndinezinye iingxaki zentliziyo? Ukuba kunjalo, ngaba zinokunyangwa ngaxeshanye nolu tyando?

Ngamafutshane, nazi izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya):

I-Vascular ring yimeko yokuzalwa apho i-aorta yomntwana yakheka ngendlela engaqhelekanga, nto leyo ebangela uxinzelelo kwi-trachea okanye kwi-esophagus, okanye kuzo zombini. Oku kunokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye bokuginya.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba le meko ingalungiswa ngempumelelo ngotyando kwaye iimpawu zipheliswe.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Baza kukunika lonke ulwazi oludingayo.

Indandatho yemithambo yegazi , i-Aorta, i-Trachea, i-Esophagus, iziphene zokuzalwa, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ubunzima bokutya