Masifunde ngotyando lwemithambo yegazi ngendlela elula.

Umzimba wethu ufana nesixeko esixakekileyo. Esi sixeko sineendlela ezithwala izinto ezibalulekileyo, ezifana neoksijini kunye nezondlo, kuyo yonke indawo yaso. Ezi ndlela zibizwa ngokuba "yimithambo yegazi" okanye "imithambo yegazi." Ngamanye amaxesha ezi ndlela ziyamoshakala, zivaleke, okanye zibe buthathaka kwaye ziphantse ziqhume. Kulapho ke sifuna uncedo olukhethekileyo ukulungisa ezi ndlela. Kwizonyango, icandelo elijongene nalo msebenzi libizwa ngokuba yiVascular Surgery.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni utyando lwemithambo yegazi?

Utyando lweMithambo alulotyando olunye. Ligama eliqhelekileyo leentlobo ngeentlobo zotyando kunye nonyango olubandakanya imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu, oko kukuthi imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi entliziyweni), imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi ebuyisela igazi emzimbeni entliziyweni), kunye ne-capillaries (imithambo yegazi emihle kakhulu) .

Ngamanye amaxesha ezi meko zinokulawulwa ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila kunye namayeza, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, utyando luyimfuneko ukuthintela imeko ukuba ingabi mandundu.

Kukho iinjongo ezintathu eziphambili zotyando lwemithambo yegazi:

• Ukulungisa umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi.
• Ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki eziyingozi ezibangelwa zezi zifo.
• Ukulungiselela iindlela zokufikelela kwimithambo yegazi kunyango olufana ne-dialysis kwizigulana zezintso.

Ziziphi iimeko ezifuna utyando lwemithambo yegazi?

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi meko zilandelayo, unokufuna utyando lwemithambo yegazi. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngezinye zezi meko.

• I-Aortic aneurysm: Umthambo omkhulu emzimbeni wethu (i-aorta) uyabuthathaka kwaye uvuthuluka njengebhaluni.
• Amahlwili egazi: Amahlwili egazi, ingakumbi kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT).
• Isifo semithambo yegazi emithanjeni: Amafutha aqunyiweyo avimba imithambo yegazi entanyeni ehambisa igazi engqondweni.
• Imithambo yeVaricose: Imithambo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka evuvukileyo emilenzeni ebonakala ngaphezulu kolusu.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze umzimba (i-PAD): Ukuvaleka ngenxa yokugcwala kwamafutha kwimithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ezingalweni ingakumbi emilenzeni.
• I-stenosis yemithambo yezintso.
• Ukumisela indlela yokufikelela kwi-dialysis.

Ugqirha wotyando lwemithambo yegazi uza kuhlola imeko yakho aze agqibe ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zotyando lwemithambo yegazi?

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zotyando ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zotyando.

Utyando lwe-Aortic Aneurysm

Ukuba i-aneurysm iba nkulu kakhulu, okanye ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokuba iqhekeke, kwenziwa utyando.

• Utyando lwe-Open Aneurysm: Kwenziwa i-incision esifubeni okanye esiswini, inxalenye eyonakeleyo yomthambo wemithambo yegazi iyasuswa, kwaye kufakelwa ityhubhu yokwenziwa (i-graft) endaweni yayo.
• Ukulungiswa kwe-Endovascular Aneurysm (EVAR): Olu lutyando olwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci. Ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ifakwa nge-groin, apho ityhubhu yokwenziwa efana nesakhelo sesinyithi (i-stent graft) idluliselwa khona kwindawo evuvukileyo, iqinisa umthambo osuka ngaphakathi.

Unyango lweSifo seMitha yoMthambo oPheleleyo (i-PAD)

Olu nyango lusetyenziswa ukuba ufumana i-claudication engacwangciswanga (intlungu evakala ngathi kukuqengqeleka xa uhamba) ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi emilenzeni yakho, okanye ukuba amanxeba akho akapholi.

• I-Angioplasty kunye ne-stenting: I-catheter ifakwa kumthambo ovalekileyo, ivuthelwe, kwaye ukuvaleka kuyandiswa. Emva koko kufakwa isixhobo esifana ne-mesh (stent) ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvaleka kungaphindi kwenzeke.
• Utyando lokudlula umthambo wegazi ojikelezayo: Njengaxa indlela ivaliwe, kwenziwa indlela entsha yokudlula umthambo wegazi ovaliweyo. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa omnye umthambo ophilileyo okanye ityhubhu yokwenziwa emzimbeni.

Utyando lweengxaki zemithambo ye-carotid

Oku kuvimbeka kwemithambo yegazi yeyona nto iphambili ebangela isifo sohlangothi.

• Utyando lwe-Carotid endarterectomy: Kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci entanyeni, umthambo uyavulwa, kwaye umaleko wamafutha (i-plaque) oqokelelene ngaphakathi uyasuswa ngotyando.
• I-Carotid angioplasty kunye ne-stenting: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ibhaluni kunye ne-stent zisetyenziselwa ukwandisa umthambo ovalekileyo.

Unyango lwezifo ezinxulumene nemithambo yegazi

Xa iivalvu ezisemithanjeni emilenzeni ziba buthathaka, igazi liyaqokelelana emilenzeni endaweni yokubuyela entliziyweni. Oku kubangela ukudumba, iintlungu, kunye nemithambo erhabaxa.

• Ukubopha nokususa imithambo: Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwemithambo eyosulelekileyo. Kule nkqubo, umthambo onesifo ususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando.
• Ukususwa kobushushu obungenamthungo: Ngaphandle kokusikwa okukhulu, kusetyenziswa i-laser okanye amaza erediyo asebenza rhoqo ukutshisa nokuvala umthambo onesifo ngaphakathi. Oku ke kuyayekisa ukuhamba kwegazi ngaphakathi komthambo.
• I-Sclerotherapy: Unyango lwemithambo emincinci evalekileyo kunye nemithambo yesigcawu. Isisombululo seekhemikhali sifakwa emthanjeni size sivalwe.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi, ngexesha nasemva kotyando?

Ngaphambi kotyando, ugqirha wakho uza kukwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo, enze naluphi na uvavanyo lwegazi olufunekayo, iiskeni (ezifana neDoppler ultrasound, i-CT angiogram), aze akunike imiyalelo yoko kufuneka ukwenze ukuze ulungiselele utyando.

• Usenokucelwa ukuba uyeke okwethutyana ukusebenzisa amayeza athile (ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi ).
• Uza kucelwa ukuba uzile ukutya ukususela ngobusuku bangaphambi kotyando.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zotyando. Ugqirha wakho uza kukhetha indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.

Ixesha lokuchacha emva kotyando lixhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando olwenziweyo. Ezinye iintlobo zotyando ezinkulu zinokuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa kwigumbi lokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU). Emva kwenkqubo encinci efana ne-sclerotherapy, unokukwazi ukuya ekhaya ngaloo mini inye.

Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi zezi tyando?

Iingenelo eziphambili:

• Ezinye zezi zifo zisindisa ubomi .
• Iphucula kakhulu umgangatho wobomi bakho (umz., ukukwazi ukuhamba ngaphandle kwentlungu).
• Iingxaki eziyingozi ezifana nestroke kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo zinokuthintelwa .

Iingozi ezinokubakho:

• Ukunganyamezelani ne-anesthesia okanye iidayi ezisetyenzisiweyo.
• Ukopha.
• Amahlwili egazi.
• Usulelo kwindawo yotyando.
• Umonakalo wemithambo-luvo.

Umngcipheko unokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, ukubakho kwezinye iimeko zempilo (isifo seswekile, isifo sezintso), njl. Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngokucacileyo ngaphambi kotyando.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha emva kotyando?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo ngexesha lokuchacha kwakho emva kotyando, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) kwisibhedlele esikufutshane.

• Ukopha okanye ubomvu obuvela kwinxeba lotyando, ukubomvu nokudumba, kunye nentlungu eqatha.
• Ifiva.
• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye intlungu egqithisileyo okanye ukudumba kwiingalo okanye emilenzeni.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni, esiswini, okanye emqolo.
• Ukukhohlela igazi okanye i-mucus eluhlaza/etyheli.
• Ubunzima bokubona okanye bokuthetha.