Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci unendawo entliziyweni yakhe? Masifunde ngeVentricular Septal Defect (VSD) ngaphandle koloyiko!

Xa umntwana wakho omncinci wazalwa, ngaba ugqirha wathi into efana nale, "Hmm, kukho ukurhawuzelela kwentliziyo" xa wayejonga intliziyo yakhe? Okanye ngaba uzive ngathi umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye ukubila xa wayencancisa okanye ebaleka? Ngamanye amaxesha, unobangela wezi zinto unokuba ngumngxuma omncinci entliziyweni. Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi -`(Ventricular Septal Defect)` okanye `VSD` . Ke namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula. Akukho mfuneko yokoyika, kuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi oku.

Yintoni i-VSD? Kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye?

Ngamafutshane, i-VSD ngumngxuma eludongeni (obizwa ngokuba yi-septum) phakathi kwamagumbi amabini amakhulu (abizwa ngokuba zii-ventricles) zentliziyo yethu. Cinga ngayo njengendlu encinci enamagumbi amane. Kukho iindonga phakathi kwala magumbi zokuthintela igazi ukuba lingadibani. "Igazi elihle" elinomoya omninzi ohambayo kwelinye icala, kunye "negazi elibi" elinomoya omninzi ohambayo kwelinye icala.

Ngoku, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le yi-'VSD', oko kukuthi, ukuba kukho umngxuma eludongeni phakathi kwezo gumbi zimbini zisezantsi? Igazi elineoksijini eninzi livuza ngomngxuma liye egazini elineoksijini encinci. Emva koko intliziyo nemiphunga kufuneka isebenze nzima kancinci. Le meko yenye yezona zifo zentliziyo zixhaphakileyo . Ngamanye amaxesha le 'VSD' inokwenzeka kunye nezinye izifo zentliziyo.

Khumbula, ayizizo zonke ii-VSD eziyingozi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, imingxunya emincinci iyazivala ngokwayo ngaphandle kweempawu.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-VSD?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili ze-VSD, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zenzeka phi kunye nohlobo lomngxuma. Masibone ukuba zeziphi:

• I-Membranous VSD: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Umngxuma uvela kwinxalenye ephezulu yodonga phakathi kwamagumbi amabini asezantsi entliziyo.
• I-VSD yemisipha: Kolu hlobo, umngxuma uvela kwicandelo elingaphantsi, elinemisipha eludongeni. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokubakho imingxunya engaphezulu kwesinye kolu hlobo lwe-VSD.
• I-Inlet VSD: Lo mngxuma ungaphantsi kwevalvu ye-tricuspid kwi-ventricle yasekunene yentliziyo kunye nevalvu ye-mitral kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo. Ngokukodwa, kufutshane nendawo apho igazi lingena khona kwi-ventricle.
• I-Outlet VSD: Kule meko, umngxuma ukufutshane nevalvu yepulmonary, ethwala igazi ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekunene ukuya emiphungeni, kunye nevalvu ye-aortic, ethwala igazi ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo ukuya emzimbeni. Oku kuthetha ukuba igazi kufuneka lidlule kule VSD xa liphuma kwi-ventricle.

Ukuba ugqirha uthi umntwana wakho une-VSD, baya kuchaza nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwayo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-VSD? Ngaba zahlukile kubantwana nakubantu abadala?

Iimpawu ze-VSD zixhomekeke kubukhulu bomngxuma. Umngxuma omncinci kakhulu (ongaphantsi kweemilimitha ezi-3, malunga nobukhulu be-toothpick) usenokungabangeli naziphi na iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umngxuma mkhulu kancinci (ubukhulu obuphakathi, iimilimitha ezi-3-5, okanye mkhulu, iimilimitha ezi-6-10, malunga nobukhulu be-pea), iimpawu zinokubakho.

Iimpawu kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa

Ukuba usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa lune-VSD enkulu, lunokuba neempawu ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo . Ezi ziquka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Izinto ezifana nokuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukubila okanye ukuziva udiniwe xa uncancisa: Usana lusenokuziva ludiniwe nasemva kokusela ubisi oluncinci.
• Ukungonyuki kobunzima: Ukuba umntwana akanyuki ubunzima ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokweminyaka yakhe.
• Izifo zokuphefumla ezixhaphakileyo: Ukuba ufumana umkhuhlane kwaye ukhwehlela rhoqo.

Iimpawu kubantwana abadala nakubantu abadala

Ukuba umntwana omdala okanye umntu omdala une-VSD, banokuziva bediniwe okanye bephelelwa ngumphefumlo ngexesha lomsebenzi womzimba . Ukuba badinwa lula xa bedlala, bebaleka, okanye betsiba, kufuneka ukhathazeke.

Ingaba ubukhulu bomngxuma nabo buyichaphazela?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuba umngxuma mncinane, kusenokungabikho ngxaki. Kodwa njengoko umngxuma ukhula, igazi liyavuza phakathi kwamagumbi amabini entliziyo. Kulapho ke iimpawu zibonakala khona.

Kutheni le VSD isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Isizathu esichanekileyo se-VSD asikaziwa okwangoku . Sidla ngokuvela xa intliziyo ingakhuli kakuhle ngelixa umntwana ekhula esibelekweni. Oko kukuthi, udonga oluphakathi kwamagumbi entliziyo aluvaleki ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha i-VSD inokwenzeka kunye nezinye iimeko zokuzalwa. Umzekelo, abantwana abaneengxaki zemfuza ezifana ne -Down syndrome banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-VSD.

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba isifo sentliziyo kumntu omdala sinokubangela umonakalo eludongeni oluphakathi kweeseli zentliziyo kwaye sibangele ukuba kubekho i-VSD entsha. Oku kunqabile kakhulu.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-VSD?

Kufunyenwe ezinye izinto eziyandisa kancinci umngcipheko wokuba ne-VSD:

• Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha: Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela.
• Ezinye iimeko zemfuza: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iimeko ezifana ne-"Down syndrome".
• Amanye amayeza athathwayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Amayeza anjenge -valproic acid kunye ne -phenytoin, asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sokuxhuzula.
• Ukusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Oku kurhanelwa ukuba kuyingozi, kodwa uphando olongezelelekileyo luyafuneka.

Ezi zizinto ezinobungozi kuphela, kwaye akunakuthiwa i-VSD iya kuvela kuba nje ezi zinto zikhona.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-VSD? Ngaba ezi ziyingozi?

Xa igazi livuza kwi-VSD, kuba nzima ukuba intliziyo yomntwana wakho isebenze kakuhle. Ukuba umngxuma mkhulu, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima. Xa intliziyo isebenza nzima kangaka ixesha elide, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zinokuvela entliziyweni nasemiphungeni. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokuba zinkulu .

Ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo olukwiigumbi ezimbini zentliziyo lwahlukile, igazi elininzi linokugeleza liye emiphungeni. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga . Ukuba i-VSD ephakathi okanye enkulu ayinyangwa kwiminyaka emi-2 , inokukhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -Eisenmenger syndrome . Oku kunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwimithambo yegazi emiphungeni.

Ezinye iingxaki zingabandakanya:

• Ukumelwa yintliziyo
• Ukubuyela kwe-aorta kwi-aorta
• Iiventricle ezikhulisiweyo
• Usulelo lwengaphakathi lentliziyo (i-Endocarditis)
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• Istroke

Yingakho kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha kwangoko nje wakufumanisa ukuba une-VSD.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani i-VSD?

Ugqirha uza kuxilonga i-VSD ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zomntwana wakho, uvavanyo lomzimba, kunye novavanyo oluthile olukhethekileyo. Ukuba umngxuma mncinane kakhulu, kusenokungabi lula ukubona i-VSD kuba akukho zimpawu.

I-VSD idla ngokufunyanwa ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba . Xa ugqirha emamele intliziyo yomntwana nge-stethoscope, kuvakala ukugquma kwentliziyo ukuba kukho i-VSD. Esi sandi sinokunika umbono ocacileyo wobukhulu bomngxuma.

Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinokubonisa utshintsho kwisakhiwo sentliziyo, ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye nokuhamba kwegazi ngenxa ye-VSD:

• I-Echocardiogram: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Lufana ne-ultrasound scan yentliziyo. Lunokubonisa ubungakanani bomngxuma, indawo ekuyo , kunye nokuba lingakanani igazi elivuzayo.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Uvavanyo olujonga umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba intliziyo ikhulu okanye ukuba kukho igazi elininzi emiphungeni.
• Iskeni ye-CT yentliziyo
• I-MRI yentliziyo `(i-MRI yentliziyo)`
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwintliziyo: Oku kuquka ukudlulisa ityhubhu encinci ngemithambo yegazi iye entliziyweni ukuze kulinganiswe uxinzelelo kwaye kuthathwe iisampuli.

Uphatha njani umntwana one-VSD?

Uninzi lwee-VSD zincinci kakhulu kwaye azibangeli ngxaki. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha uya kujonga iimpawu aze abone ukuba umngxuma uzivaleka ngokwawo na. Kwiimeko ezininzi , le mingxuma mincinci izivaleka ngokwayo xa ineminyaka emi-6 ubudala.Kwezinye iimeko, kungathatha ixesha elide. Kodwa emva kweminyaka engama-20, akunakwenzeka ukuba i-'VSD' ivale ngokwayo.

Ukuba une-VSD ephakathi okanye enkulu, ugqirha wakho usenokucebisa utyando okanye olunye unyango lokuvala umngxuma . Okwangoku, unokunikwa amayeza okulawula iimpawu zakho.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba i-VSD enkulu ilungiswa ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwiminyaka emi-2 ubudala, inokuthintela umonakalo entliziyweni nakwimiphunga yomntwana. Ngaphandle koko, umonakalo unokuba ngowokusisigxina kwaye ube mbi ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Amayeza

Ukulawula iimpawu ngaphambi kotyando, okanye ukuba umngxuma kucingelwa ukuba uzivaleka ngokwawo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjengala:

• I-Diuretics: Ezi zisebenza ngokunciphisa ulwelo olongezelelweyo oluqokelelana lujikeleze intliziyo yomntwana.
• Amayeza okusilela kwentliziyo: La mayeza alawula isantya namandla okubetha kwentliziyo yomntwana.

Utyando okanye ezinye iinkqubo

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokulungisa i-`VSD`:

• Utyando: Ugqirha wentliziyo uyawuvala umngxuma. Umngxuma ungathungwa uvalwe, okanye kufakwe isiqwenga esenziwe ngezinto ezenziwe ngokwenziwa okanye izicubu zomntwana.
• Iinkqubo ze-transcatheter: Oku akubandakanyi utyando. Ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) idluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi emikhulu emlenzeni okanye engalweni ukuya entliziyweni, kwaye kufakwa isixhobo esikhethekileyo ukuze kuvalwe umngxuma.

Kuzo zombini ezi ndlela, ngokuhamba kwexesha, izicubu zentliziyo yomntwana ziyakhula zijikeleze i-patch okanye isixhobo, zibe yinxalenye yodonga lwentliziyo ngokwalo.

Ixesha lokuchacha emva kokulungiswa kwe-VSD lixhomekeke kwindlela esetyenzisiweyo. Iindlela ze-Transcatheter zingathatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuphola. Utyando lungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ezimbalwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu ze-VSD ziyaphela emva kolu nyango.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-VSD, yazi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-VSD, kunye naluphi na utshintsho olukhawulezileyo okanye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga. Ngokubanzi, ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye ukuba ulusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/zibe mthubi (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-cyanosis), kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu:

• Ukunyuka kobunzima kuhamba kancinci kunokuba bekulindelwe.
• Ukubila okanye ukutsala nzima ngexesha lokuncancisa.
• Ukungaphumli rhoqo, ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Iintsholongwane zokuphefumla ezixhaphakileyo.

Ukuba une-VSD njengomntu omdala, thetha nogqirha wakho ngezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuba udinwa msinya okanye uphelelwa ngumphefumlo ngexesha lomsebenzi womzimba.
• Ukuba uhlala umhlophe, okanye ukuba ubona iminwe yakho okanye imilebe yakho ijika ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Kwakhona, ukuba une-VSD, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na olunye utyando okanye unyango lwamazinyo.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Ungabuza ugqirha womntwana wakho le mibuzo:

• Ingakanani i-Ventricular Septal Defect yomntwana wam?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olucetyiswayo?
• Ngaba ndifuna iikhalori ezongezelelweyo ukunceda umntwana wam atyebe ngokukhawuleza?
• Umntwana wam kufuneka eze kangaphi kwixesha lokulandelelana?

Ukongeza kule mibuzo, ungoyiki ukubuza nantoni na onokuyicinga.

Yintoni onokuyilindela xa uhlala ne-VSD? Yintoni abanokuyenza abazali ukunceda umntwana wabo omncinci?

Kwimeko ye-VSD ephakathi okanye enkulu, ukulungisa umngxuma kudla ngokwanela ukuthintela iingxaki. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuba kukho ukopha okutsha ngexesha lokulungiswa, utyando lunokufuneka.

Uninzi lwabantu abadala abaphila ne-VSD abazi nokuba banayo, kuba incinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingabangeli ngxaki. Kodwa ukuba i-VSD inkulu (ingakumbi ukuba ayilungiswanga), inokuchaphazela indlela ophila ngayo. Ukuba umntu omdala une-VSD, ingahlala ubomi bakhe bonke ngaphandle kokuba ilungiswe.

Uninzi lwabantu abane-VSD baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, njengomntu ongenabo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba i-VSD incinci kwaye ivala ngokungacwangciswanga.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-VSD ephakathi okanye enkulu (nokuba banyangiwe okanye abanyangwanga) banokuba nexesha elifutshane lokuphila, ingakumbi ukuba i-VSD ayilungiswanga kwangethuba. Ukuba imeko efana ne-Eisenmenger syndrome iyavela, ixesha lokuphila linokwehla.

Izinto onokuzenza njengomzali:

• Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-VSD, ugqirha uya kumcebisa ukuba aphumle kwaye aphephe ukwenza umthambo onzima . Ingakumbi ukuba une-Eisenmenger syndrome, akufuneki enze nantoni na ebeka uxinzelelo olukhulu entliziyweni.
• Sela amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele. Musa ukutshintsha okanye ukuyeka amayeza akho ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
• Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive uxhalabile kwaye usoyika xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho une-Ventricular Septal Defect. Ukuba uvakalelwa ngolu hlobo, licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha womntwana wakho. Ngale ndlela, ungayiqonda ngcono imeko kunye noko ungakulindela. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda uqonde indlela yokunyanga le meko, uthintele iingxaki, kwaye unciphise impembelelo enayo kubomi bomntwana wakho.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya:

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-'VSD'. Khumbula oku:

• I-'VSD' ngumngxuma eludongeni phakathi kwamagumbi amabini asezantsi entliziyo.
• IiVSD ezincinci kakhulu ziyazivalela zodwa ngaphandle kwempawu.
• IiVSD ezinkulu zinokubangela iimpawu, ingakumbi kwiintsana ezincinci, ezifana nokudinwa kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla ngelixa uncancisa.
• Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-VSD, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha kwaye wenze uvavanyo olufana ne-echocardiogram.
• Kukho iinkqubo zotyando okanye ze-transcatheter ezikhoyo zokunyanga ii-VSD ezinkulu. Ezi zinokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu.
• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumanisa isifo kwangethuba uze ufumane unyango olufunekayo. Oku kunokunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni iingxaki ezinkulu.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Hlala usempilweni!

I- VSD, umngxuma entliziyweni, isiphene se-ventricular septal, isifo sentliziyo sabantwana, isiphene sentliziyo sokuzalwa, iimpawu zesifo sentliziyo, unyango lwe-VSD