Ngaba unengxaki efana nale ngemithambo entanyeni yakho? (Ukuqhaqhwa kwemithambo yomqolo) Masifunde ngayo.

Ngaba wakha waziva uxinana entanyeni yakho, intloko ebuhlungu, okanye ngequbuliso wabona izinto ezimbini kwelinye iliso? Nangona ezi zinto zinokubonakala ngathi zizinto ezilula, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho into enzulu ngakumbi emva kwazo. Enye imeko enjalo esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje yi-"Vertebral Artery Dissection".

Yintoni iVertebral Artery Dissection?

Ngamafutshane, oku kwenzeka xa umthambo omkhulu ngasemva kwentamo yakho, ecaleni komqolo wakho, othwala igazi uye engqondweni yakho - obizwa ngokuba yi-vertebral artery - ukrazuka ngaphakathi. Njengesiqwenga selaphu esikrazukileyo, umaleko omnye okanye ngaphezulu wodonga lomthambo unokukrazuka. Oku ngokwenene yimbangela engaqhelekanga yestroke kubantu abancinci , abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala, kunokuba kube ngabantu abadala.

Ngoko ke yintoni le mithambo yomqolo?

Khawuthelekelele, ngasemva kwentamo yakho, kukho imithambo yegazi emibini ebaleka emgogodleni wakho. Siyibiza ngokuba yimithambo yethambo lomqolo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukubonelela ngegazi elicocekileyo, elineoksijini engqondweni yakho nakwintambo yomqolo . Ifana nombhobho wamanzi, kodwa iyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezu koko.

Le artery ineengqimba ezintathu eziphambili:

• I-Intima : Le yeyona maleko ingaphakathi, ikufutshane nokuhamba kwegazi.
• Imidiya : Le yilaphu ephakathi. Inceda ukuhamba kwegazi kwicala elinye.
• I-Adventitia : Le yilaphu engaphandle. Yiyo enika umthambo wegazi imo namandla awo.

Olu qhaqho luyichaphazela njani impilo yakho?

Khawuthelekelele, njengoko benditshilo, xa umaleko wangaphakathi womthambo ukrazuka, igazi liqala ukuvuza phakathi kwala maleko mabini abizwa ngokuba yi-intima kunye ne-media. Emva koko igazi linokuqokelelana apho lize lidumbe njengebhaluni encinci. Eli gazi liqokelelweyo linokunamathela apho lize lenze ihlwili legazi . Eli hlwili legazi linokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi ngaphakathi komthambo, kwaye linokuwuvala ngokupheleleyo. Umthambo unokuvuvukala (ukwandiswe).

Isiphumo esiyingozi kakhulu soku sistroke :

• I-Ischemic stroke : Oku kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi liba likhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba livale ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye ukuhanjiswa kwegazi ebuchotsheni. Ngamanye amaxesha, iqhekeza lehlwili linokwaphuka lize lihambe liye egazini liye ebuchotsheni lize lihlale kumthambo omncinci.
• Isifo segazi : Oku kwenzeka xa zonke iileya ezintathu zodonga lwemithambo yegazi zikrazuka. Emva koko igazi liqala ukuvuza liphuma kwimithambo yegazi, endaweni yokuya engqondweni. Ukuba olu krazulo lungena nzulu engqondweni, igazi linokuvuza lingene kwindawo ejikeleze ingqondo - sikubiza ngokuba yi-subarachnoid hemorrhage - okanye linokuvuza lingene kwizicubu zobuchopho.

Ngubani onokuthi aphuhlise umthambo wethambo lomqolo?

Abanye abantu banokuba nale meko ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneengxaki ezithile zempilo, usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nayo. Jonga ukuba ezi zinto ziyakuchaphazela na nawe:

• Ukutshaya : Le yinto evula indlela yezifo ezininzi.
• Iimeko ezithile zemfuza : Umzekelo , i-cystic medial necrosis , i-Ehlers-Danlos syndrome , i-Marfan syndrome , kunye ne-osteogenesis imperfecta zinokubangela ukuba iindonga zemithambo yegazi zibe buthathaka.
• I-Fibromuscular dysplasia : Le yimeko apho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zikhula khona kwimithambo yegazi.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu : Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ingakumbi kwimithambo edibanisa imiphunga nentliziyo (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu).
• Isifo sezintso esine-polycystic : Sisifo apho ii-cysts zenzeka khona kwizintso.
• I-Vasculitis : Ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi.

Ngaba zikho ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Oku kuqhekeka kunokubakho ngenxa yokwenzakala okuthile entanyeni. Oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi xa intamo ikwindawo ethe tyaba okanye xa intamo ishukunyiswa ngokukhawuleza ngequbuliso . Cinga ngezinto ezinje:

• Iingozi zezithuthi.
• Ezinye iindlela zonyango zentamo, ezinje ngokulungiswa kwe-chiropractic kunye nokuhlikihla intamo enzulu, zinokuba luncedo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zisenokungasebenzi kuye wonke umntu, kwaye kukho iingozi.
• Ukuvula i-mucus ngokucinezela imihlathi yakho ngokuvakalayo.
• Xa usenza i-yoga, intamo iyaphakanyiswa ize ijikwe ixesha elide.
• Kufana nokupeyinta isilingi, usebenza ngokuqhubekayo ugobile intamo yakho.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwentliziyo (CPR) lunyango olunikwayo xa intliziyo ibambekile ngequbuliso.
• Ukuthimla kakhulu.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Imidlalo yokubheja (`Ukulwa`).
• Ukuphakamisa iintsimbi ezinzima.
• Nantoni na enokubangela ukwenzakala entanyeni.

Ngaba isifo sohlangothi singenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi?

Ewe, xa umthambo osentanyeni yakho ukrazukile, sidla ngokuwubiza ngokuba kukuqhekeka komthambo wesibeleko . Oku kuquka imithambo yomqolo esisandula ukuthetha ngayo, kunye nemithambo emibini ye-carotid ehamba ngaphambili entanyeni yakho. Ukuba enye yale mithambo iphuma, inokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni, nto leyo ebangela isifo sohlangothi .

Iyintoni ingozi yokwenyani yestroke?

Inyaniso kukuba, oku kungenxa yokuqhekeka kwemithambo ye-vertebral okanye ye-carotid.Umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sohlangothi uphantsi. I-Ischemic strokes imalunga ne-2% yazo zonke izifo zokubetha. Uninzi lwezifo zokubetha sisifo sohlangothi lubangelwa yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis . Oku kwenzeka xa iindonga zemithambo yegazi ziba nkulu kwaye zincipha ngenxa yezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nokutshaya, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye nesifo seswekile.

Kodwa nantsi into ebalulekileyo: Ukuqhaqha kwemithambo yomqolo yeyona nto iphambili ebangela isifo sohlangothi kubantu abancinci nabakwiminyaka ephakathi. Kunokubangela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25%, okanye enye kwabane, yesifo sohlangothi kweli qela leminyaka.

Zithini iimpawu zokuqhaqhwa kwemithambo yomqolo?

Usenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu ekuqaleni. Kodwa ukuba umthambo uyaqhuma okanye igazi liqhekeke livale ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni, usenokuba neempawu zestroke .

Qaphela ezi mpawu:

• I-Ataxia : Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi xa uhamba okanye umi, ukungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva.
• Umbono ophindwe kabini.
• Intlungu yentamo (idla ngokuba kwicala elinye).
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Intetho engacacanga (iDysarthria).
• I-Vertigo - Imvakalelo yokujikeleza.

Ufumanisa njani ukuba une-vertebral artery dissection?

Uvavanyo olungcono lokufumanisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye yi -magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) . Oku kudibanisa i -MRI scan kunye nendlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-angiography ukuthatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yemithambo yakho yomqolo. Oku kuvumela oogqirha ukuba bagqibe ngokukhawuleza ukuba iphi i-dissection, inzima kangakanani, kwaye ixesha elide kangakanani apho.

Nangona kunjalo, olu vavanyo lwe-MRA alufumaneki kuyo yonke indawo kwaye alulula ukulwenza. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha badla ngokuxilonga le meko nge- CT scan (`Computed Tomography - CT scan`) okanye i -CT angiography (`CT angiography`) . Ezi zihlala ziphakathi kovavanyo lokuqala olwenziwayo xa umntu engena.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i -angiography eqhelekileyo . Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu ende nebhityileyo (i-catheter) esihlahleni sakho okanye emqolo, ukufaka idayi ekhethekileyo (idayi engafaniyo), kunye nokuthatha imifanekiso ye-X-ray ukuze ubone indlela igazi elihamba ngayo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, ubungakanani bokuqhekeka kwayo, kunye nendawo yesilonda.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Uninzi lwexesha, ezi meko zokuqhekeka ziyaphola ngokwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi, unokunikwa amayeza okunciphisa igazi.Olu lolona nyango luphambili. Umzekelo, i-aspirin , amanye amayeza (afana nePlavix®) , i-heparin elulwelo, okanye iipilisi ze -warfarin zinokunikwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuqhekeka kusasazeka nzulu engqondweni, okanye ukuba ukhe waba ne- stroke yokopha , kusenokungabi lula ukunika ezi zinto zokunciphisa igazi. Ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa ezinye iindlela zonyango.

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba unyango oluqhelekileyo aluphumeleli?

Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kungafuneka wenze utyando. Ezi ndlela zikwasetyenziswa nakubantu abaye baba nestroke esophayo .

Iinkqubo zokususa umthambo we-vertebral zezi zilandelayo:

• Ukufakwa kwemithambo yegazi : Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iityhubhu ezincinci (ii-catheters) zifakwa esihlahleni okanye emqolo, kwindawo yokuqhekeka, kwaye nokuba kufakwe i-embolic agent okanye kufakwe ii-coils ezincinci zesinyithi. Inxalenye engaqhelekanga yomthambo ivalwe ngale nto okanye ii-coils. Oku kuthintela igazi ukuba lingaphumi kuyo.
• I-Angioplasty : Oku kuquka nokusebenzisa iityhubhu ezincinci (ii-catheters) ukuya kwindawo yokuqhekeka kunye nokukhupha ibhaluni ekhethekileyo ukulungisa inxalenye ekrazukileyo yomthambo.
• Ukufaka i-stenting ngaphakathi kwentloko : Oku kuquka nokufaka ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) kwindawo yokuqhaqha kunye nokufaka isixhobo sesinyithi esifana ne-mesh (esibizwa ngokuba yi-stent) ngaphakathi kwe-artery. Oku kuqinisa udonga lwe-artery. Oku akwenzelwa wonke umntu, kuphela izigulana ezikhethiweyo. Rhoqo, oogqirha benza zombini i-angioplasty kunye ne-stenting kunye.
• Utyando : Kwabo bangakwaziyo ukwenza iinkqubo ze-endovascular ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, utyando lunokuba yimfuneko. Ngexesha lotyando, oogqirha basebenzisa ii-metal clips ezincinci ukuvala inxalenye engaqhelekanga yomthambo.

Lingakanani izinga lokuchacha kwabantu abanale meko?

Uninzi lwabantu luyaphila ngokupheleleyo . Nangona kunjalo, usesesichengeni sokufumana ukuqhekeka okufanayo kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa loo mngcipheko uyancipha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kunjani ukuhlala ne-vertebral artery dissection?

Oogqirha baza kukujonga rhoqo ude uqiniseke ukuba oku kuphelile ngokupheleleyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, uya kwenziwa i-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu.Uza kucelwa ukuba wenze uvavanyo oluthile. Kuya kufuneka uqhubeke nokuthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi ngeli xesha. Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuba nenxeba lokuqhaqha ibele kwixesha elizayo kuya kufuneka babone oogqirha babo iminyaka emininzi ukuze bafumane iingcebiso (`unyango olulandelayo`).

Yintoni endingafanele ndiyenze emva kokuqhaqhwa kwemithambo yomqolo?

Ungazilolonga, kodwa kufuneka uziphephe izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukuzilolonga okwenziwa ngokubeka ubunzima bomzimba wakho ezandleni zakho, okufana nokutyhala umzimba kunye nokutsala umzimba.
• Ukuphakamisa ubunzima obungaphezulu kweekhilogram ezingama-25-30 (malunga ne-11-13.5 kg).
• Ukuphakamisa iintsimbi ngaphezulu kwentloko.
• Nxibelelana nezemidlalo.
• Ukukhwela iimoto ezihamba ngokukhawuleza njengee-roller coasters.
• Ukuba ugqirha we-chiropractor uchukumisa intloko/intamo yakho.
• Ukuphulula intamo ngamandla.
• Izinto ezifana nokuntywila esibhakabhakeni.
• Eminye imisebenzi enyusa/ehlisa isantya ngequbuliso.
• Indawo "yeplanga" ('indawo yeplanga`). (Kodwa ngaphandle koko, akukho ngxaki ekwenzeni i-yoga okanye i-Pilates, lo gama nje ingayibeki uxinzelelo entanyeni).
• Ziphephe naziphi na izinto ezibangela ukuba intamo ibuyele umva ngequbuliso (ukulimala kwe-whiplash), okanye naziphi na izinto ezibangela ukuba intamo iqhubeke nokunyuka (i-hyperextension).

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ukuqhaqhazwa kwemithambo yomqolo kukukrazuka eludongeni lomthambo wegazi ngasemva kwentamo yakho. Akufane kukhokelele kwistroke . Kodwa ukuba kuyenzeka, unyango olukhawulezileyo (oludla ngokuba zizinto zokunciphisa igazi okanye inkqubo) lunokusindisa ubomi bakho. Unyango lwezonyango kunye nokuqhubeka nokujonga ugqirha kunokunceda abantu abanale meko ukuba baphephe iingxaki. Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo kweli nqaku, nceda ufune ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Yiyo leyo into ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuqhaqha umthambo womqolo , isifo sohlangothi, ukukhubazeka, iintlungu zentamo, intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ukuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi