Ingaba ilizwi lakho lirhabaxa? Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokukhubazeka kwelizwi.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa sivuka kusasa, ilizwi lethu livakala lahlukile kancinci, akunjalo? Okanye xa sigqiba ukucula ingoma emnandi, okanye xa sikhwaza size sithethe, ilizwi lethu liba lirhabaxa kancinci. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi zinto ziyaphucuka ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Kodwa ukuba ilizwi lakho liye lahluka okanye lirhabaxa kangangeeveki, ukuba uziva udiniwe xa uthetha, okanye ukuba uziva ngathi uyaminxeka xa uginya ukutya nokusela, asinto ifanele ithathwe lula. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngemeko enye ethile enokubangela iimpawu ezinjalo. Oko kukukhubazeka kwemithambo yelizwi, okanye njengoko sisitsho ngesiNgesi, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Vocal Cord Paralysis'.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesandi?

Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi ntambo zelizwi. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ngaphakathi emqaleni wethu, ingakumbi ekuqaleni kwe-trachea, kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-larynx, kukho imicu emibini emincinci yemisipha. Njengeengcango ezimbini esangweni. Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba ziintambo zelizwi.

Kukho imisebenzi eliqela yezi:

• Xa uphefumla: La maqela mabini ayahlukana, evula indlela yokuba umoya ungene emiphungeni.
• Xa uginya ukutya: Oku kuvala kakhulu kwaye kukhusela ukutya ekungeneni kwindlela yomoya.
• Xa sithetha: Ilizwi lethu liveliswa xa la maqela mabini edibana aze angcangcazele umoya ovela emiphungeni.

Ngoku uyaqonda ukuba ezi ntambo zelizwi zibaluleke kangakanani? Ngoko ke, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentambo yelizwi kuthetha ukuba kukho umonakalo othile kwimithambo-luvo elawula ezi ntambo zelizwi, kwaye ezi ntambo zemisipha azisebenzi kakuhle. Oko kukuthi, ezi 'ngcango zesango' azivuli kwaye azivaleki kakuhle. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuthetha, ukuginya, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokuphefumla.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale meko.

Oku kungasebenzi kakuhle kwesandi kunokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili, kuxhomekeke ekubeni isandi esinye okanye zombini azisebenzi kakuhle na.

Ngaba nawe unazo ezi mpawu?

Iimpawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwekhondri yelizwi zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni inzima kangakanani na kunye nendawo ezikuyo iikhondri zelizwi ezingasebenzi kakuhle.

Ezi ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Utshintsho kwilizwi: ukurhawuzelela, ubuthathaka, isandi sokuphefumla.
• Utshintsho kwisandi kunye nevolumu: Isandi kunye nevolumu yelizwi zinokutshintsha.
• Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo xa uthetha: Kuba nzima ukuphefumla nangona uthethe ixesha elifutshane, uze uzive udiniwe.
• Ukuphefumla: Ukuphefumla kunokwenzeka xa uphefumla.
• Ubunzima bokuginya (Dysphagia): Ukuziva ngathi kukho iqhubu emqaleni xa uginya ukutya okanye isiselo.
• Ukuminxa: Ukuziva ngathi uhlala uminxa xa usela amanzi amancinci okanye utya ukutya.
• Ubunzima bokucoca umqala: Ukuziva ngathi umhluzi unamathele emqaleni, kodwa kunzima ukuwususa.

Zithini izizathu zale meko?

Zininzi izizathu zokuba imithambo-luvo elawula iintambo zelizwi yonakale. Ngamanye amaxesha, akukho sizathu sifumanekayo.

Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili:

• Utyando: Le mithambo-luvo ingonakalisa, ingakumbi ngexesha lotyando olubandakanya intamo, isifuba, kunye nentloko (umzekelo, i-thyroidectomy). Ngamanye amaxesha ingonakalisa nombhobho wokuphefumla obekwe ngexesha lotyando lokubulala iintlungu ngexesha lotyando.
• Ukwenzakala: Ingozi enkulu entanyeni, entloko, okanye esifubeni ingonakalisa imithambo-luvo.
• Izifo ze-Neurological: Izifo ezenza buthathaka imithambo-luvo, njengesifo sikaParkinson, i-multiple sclerosis (MS), okanye i-stroke, zinokuchaphazela le mithambo-luvo.
• Iithumba: Iithumba, nokuba ziyingozi okanye azinabungozi, ezikhula kwi-larynx okanye ecaleni kwendlela yemithambo-luvo zinokucinezela kwaye zonakalise imithambo-luvo.
• Iintsholongwane: Ezinye iintsholongwane, umzekelo, i-herpes, i-Epstein-Barr virus, kunye ne-COVID-19, zinokubangela ukudumba kunye nomonakalo kwimithambo-luvo.
• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo: Le meko inokubangelwa zizifo apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela imithambo-luvo, umzekelo, i-myasthenia gravis.
• Izinto ezinobungozi: Ukusela izinto ezinobungozi ezifana ne-lead, i-mercury, kunye ne-arsenic kunokonakalisa izicubu zemithambo-luvo. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba usele into enobungozi, fowunela iZiko loLwazi ngeTyhefu leSizwe kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.

Ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokwenzeka nasemva kokuba umkhuhlane uqhelekile. Amaxesha apho kungafumaneki sizathu sicacileyo abizwa ngokuba yi-'idiopathic'.

Ugqirha uyifumana njani le nto?

Ukuba unale mpawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ingcali yendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ENT surgeon). Ugqirha uya kuqala amamele ngononophelo iimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Emva koko, banokwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

• I-Laryngoscopy: Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu encinci enekhamera encinci ngempumlo okanye emlonyeni wakho ukuze ujonge ngqo kwiintambo zakho zelizwi. Ungakhathazeki, uza kunikwa iyeza lokudambisa iintlungu ukuba kuyimfuneko ngaphambi kokuba wenze oku. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngokucacileyo ukuba iintambo zakho zelizwi ziyashukuma okanye azishukumi.
• I-Videostroboscopy: Oku kufana ne-laryngoscopy, kodwa isebenzisa ikhamera ekhethekileyo ukubukela iintambo zelizwi zingcangcazela xa uthetha.
• Izifundo zokujonga imifanekiso: I-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan ingenziwa ukujonga amaqhuma kwiindawo ezifana nengqondo, intamo, kunye nesifuba.
• I-Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG): Oku kulinganisa imiqondiso yombane ethunyelwa yimithambo-luvo ukuya kwimisipha yelarynx. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imithambo-luvo yonakele na.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokwenziwa ukuba kukho isifo okanye isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esirhanelwa.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango lumiselwa bubungakanani besifo, iimpawu, kunye nesizathu saso.

Unyango lwelizwi

Olu lolona nyango luphambili. Lusebenza kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba imeko ayinzima kakhulu. Apha, ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha iza kukufundisa imithambo ekhethekileyo yokuqinisa imisipha yakho yelizwi nokulawula ukuphefumla kwakho ngelixa uthetha.

Utyando kunye nolunye unyango

Ukuba imeko inzima okanye ayinakulawulwa ngonyango lwelizwi, utyando lunokufuneka.

• Xa intambo enye yelizwi ingasebenzi (Unilateral Paralysis):
• Ukufakwa kwe-vocal cord: Kule nkqubo, kufakwa i-filler ekhethekileyo ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwe-vocal cord. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuthetha nokuginya.
• Utyando lwe-Laryngeal framework: Kule nto, i-implant eyenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-silicone ifakwa kwi-larynx ngotyando oluncinci, ityhala i-vocal cord engasebenzi kakuhle embindini. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba enye i-vocal cord ingene ize ivaleke.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwakhona: Oku kuquka ukuthatha umthambo ophilileyo oya kwesinye isihlunu entanyeni uze uwudibanise nomthambo okwimisonto yelizwi engasebenzi kakuhle.

• Xa zombini iintambo zelizwi zingasebenzi (Bilateral Paralysis):
• Ekubeni ingxaki ephambili koku kukufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla, into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe kukudala indlela yokuphefumla. Eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka yenziwe kukwenza utyando lwe-tracheostomy .
• Kolu tyando, kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci ngaphambili entanyeni kwaye kufakwa ityhubhu ngqo kumbhobho womoya. Oku kuvumela isigulana ukuba siphefumle lula.
• Ukongeza, imisebe yelaser ingasetyenziselwa ukususa inxalenye encinci yomva weentambo zelizwi ukuze kwandiswe indlela yomoya.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha ngoko nangoko?

Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokutshintsha kwelizwi lakho, ukurhawuzelela, okanye ubunzima bokuginya, musa ukuzityeshela uze ubone ugqirha. Okukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona unokuthintelwa ngcono ukuba imeko ingabi mandundu.

Ubunzima bokuphefumla bunokuba luphawu lokuba zombini iintambo zelizwi ziyasilela. Kwakhona, ukuba ukutya okanye isiselo sibambeka size singene emiphungeni, kunokubangela usulelo olunzima olufana ne-aspiration pneumonia. Ngoko ke lumka kakhulu ngezi mpawu.