Ngaba kutshanje uqaphele utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela yakho yokuhlamba indlu yangasese, ukungonwabi esiswini, okanye igazi kwindle yakho? Ezi zisenokuba zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba luphawu lwento ekufuneka siyiqwalasele ngokuqinisekileyo. Namhlanje sithetha ngesihloko abantu abaninzi abangafuni ukuthetha ngaso, kodwa sonke kufuneka siqaphele. Loo mhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu.
Yintoni umhlaza we-colorectal?
Ngamafutshane, lo mhlaza kukukhula okungalawulekiyo kweeseli eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwenkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya, ikoloni kunye nerectum. Ikoloni yinxalenye yokugqibela yenkqubo yokugaya ukutya yomzimba wethu. Ifunxa amanzi kunye nezondlo ekutyeni esikutyayo. Inkunkuma eqinileyo eseleyo, ebizwa ngokuba yindle, igcinwa kwirectum.
Ixesha elininzi, lo mhlaza uqala njengomhlaza ongathethiyo. Oko kukuthi, ukhula kancinci ngaphandle kokubonisa zimpawu. Xa kuvela iimpawu, umhlaza usenokuba sele uqhubele phambili kakhulu. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ukuba lo mhlaza ufunyenwe kwangethuba, unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo kwaye singathatha amanyathelo okuwuthintela. Yiyo loo nto ukuhlolwa rhoqo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Uqala njani lo mhlaza?
Uninzi lwale mihlaza luqala njengeentsholongwane ezincinci (iipolyps) ezikhula eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwekholoni okanye i-rectum. Ayizizo zonke iipolyps ezinomhlaza, kodwa ezinye iintlobo zinokukhula zibe ngumhlaza ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeebhola zenyama:
| Uhlobo lwePolyp | Umngcipheko womhlaza |
|---|---|
| Iipolyps ezinobungozi kunye nezokuvuvukala | Ezi zihlala zingenawo amathuba okuba nomhlaza, kodwa ukuba zinkulu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba zisuswe. |
| Ii-Adenomas okanye ii-polyps ze-adenomatous | EziImeko engaphambi kokuba umhlaza uqalise. Ukuba ayinyangwa, le meko inokuba ngumhlaza. |
Uhlobo oluphambili lomhlaza
Kwezi cancer, ama-96% aphantsi kohlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi -adenocarcinoma , oluvela kwiiseli ezivelisa i-mucus zamathumbu amakhulu kunye ne-rectum.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa ngumhlaza?
Nabani na unokuba nalo mhlaza, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Jonga ukuba unazo na ezinye zezinto ezibangela umngcipheko ezingezantsi.
| Into Engumngcipheko | Funda ngale nto |
|---|---|
| Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwama-45 ubudala | Umngcipheko uyanda njengoko iminyaka ikhula. |
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho (abazali, abantakwenu, abantwana) okhe waba nalo mhlaza okanye i-melanoma. |
| Ukutya | Ukutya inyama ebomvu kakhulu (inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu) kunye nenyama ecutshungulweyo (ezifana neesoseji, ibhekoni). |
| Ezinye izifo zamathumbu | Ukuba unezifo ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn okanye i-ulcerative colitis . |
| Iimeko zofuzo | Ezinye zeemeko zofuzo, ezifana ne-familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). |
| Indlela yokuphila | Ukutyeba kakhulu, ukutshaya, ukungazilolongi, kunye nokusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo. |
| Ezinye izifo | Ukuba nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. |
Zithini iimpawu zalo mhlaza?
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kusenokungabikho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko isifo siqhubeka, olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo lunokubonakala. Ukuba uqhubeka unale mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onezi mpawu onomhlaza, kodwa ayingombono ulungileyo ukuzityeshela.
| Uphawu | Indlela oziva ngayo |
|---|---|
| Utshintsho kwimikhwa yendlu yangasese | Ukuqhinwa okungapheliyo okanye urhudo. |
| Igazi esitulweni | Amabala egazi kwi-tuddle okanye kwi-tuddle ajika abe mnyama mnyama. |
| Ukungonwabi kwesisu | Intlungu yesisu engapheliyo, ukudumba, okanye igesi. |
| Ukukhupha amathumbu okungaphelelanga | Ukuziva ngathi kusafuneka ukhuphe indle emva kokuya kwindlu yangasese. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukuba unciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kokuzama. |
| Ukudinwa rhoqo | Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu kwaye ubuthathaka ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile (oku kusenokuba kungenxa ye-anemia). |
Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukuxilonga, akubuze ngeempawu zakho, aze akuthumelele uvavanyo olufunekayo.
I-Colonoscopy
Olu lolona vavanyo luchanekileyo noluqhelekileyo lokufumanisa umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu. Ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo enekhamera (ikholonoscope) ifakwa nge-anus ukuze kuhlolwe ikoloni yonke. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iipolyps ezibonwayo, zinokususwa ngoko nangoko okanye kuthathwe isampuli encinci (i-biopsy) ukuze ivavanywe.
Ezinye iimvavanyo
- Uvavanyo lweSitulo: Olu vavanyo lukhangela igazi elincinci kakhulu esitulweni elincinane kakhulu ukuba lingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Ukuba olu vavanyo lubonisa nantoni na, kunokucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe i-colonoscopy ngokulandelayo.
- I-CT Colonography: Le yi-CT scan ekhethekileyo. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-"virtual colonoscopy."
- I-Biopsy: Iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu elithathwe ngexesha le-colonoscopy lihlolwa kwilebhu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ukuba umhlaza uqinisekisiwe, unyango luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nenqanaba lomhlaza kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngesicwangciso sonyango esikulungeleyo.
- Utyando: Umhlaza wesigaba sokuqala kunye neepolyps zingasuswa ngexesha le-colonoscopy. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kancinci, inxalenye ye-colon enomhlaza ingasuswa ngotyando.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye athintele ukukhula kwazo. Oku kunokunikwa ngaphambi okanye emva kotyando.
- Unyango ngemitha: Olu nyango lusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu (njengee-X-ray) ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa kunye ne-chemotherapy.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo kunye ne-Immunotherapy: Olu lonyango lwanamhlanje olujolise ngqo kwaye luhlasele iiseli zomhlaza, okanye luvuselele amasosha omzimba wethu ukulwa nomhlaza.
Singenza ntoni ukuthintela umhlaza?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kulo mhlaza.
1. Ukutya okunempilo:
- Yitya ukutya okuninzi okunefayibha eninzi (iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, iinkozo ezipheleleyo).
- Nciphisa ukutya kwakho inyama ebomvu kunye nenyama elungisiweyo .
2. Zilolonge rhoqo:
- Yenza umthambo ophakathi ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki.
3. Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni:
- Ukutyeba kakhulu kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza.
4. Kuphephe ukutshaya notywala:
- Zombini ezi zinto zibangela umhlaza omninzi.
5. Fumana Uvavanyo xa uneminyaka efanelekileyo:
- Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Kubantu abasengozini eqhelekileyo, ngoku kuyacetyiswa ukuba baqale ukuvavanya rhoqo xa beneminyaka engama-45 ubudala. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze agqibe ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokuvavanya efanelekileyo kuwe kwaye kufuneka uyenze kangaphi.
Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu (umzekelo, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nayo), ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uqalise ukuvavanya ngaphambi kokuba ufikelele kwiminyaka engama-45.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu sisifo esinyangekayo ngokupheleleyo ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba. Ungathintelwa.
- Qaphela iimpawu ezinje ngokutshintsha kwendlela osebenza ngayo kwindlu yangasese, igazi eliphumayo esitulweni, kunye nentlungu engapheliyo yesisu.
- Nokuba awunazo iimpawu, ukuvavanywa rhoqo (ingakumbi ii-colonoscopy) emva kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala kunokusindisa ubomi.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga) inokunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Musa ukuba neentloni zokuthetha ngale nto. Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye iimpawu, thetha nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
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