Ngaba wakha wabona izibane ezincinci zikhanya kwaye zikhanya njengoko uphuma usiya ebaleni ebusuku, okanye njengoko uhamba endleleni yasezilalini? Njengeenkwenkwezi ezincinci. Sizijonga ngomdla. Ezi zinambuzane zincinci sizibiza ngokuba 'ziimbungulu zombane'. Kukho iinyani ezinomdla nezimangalisayo malunga naba bahlobo bancinci abanika ukukhanya kunokuba sicinga. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezi mbungulu, okanye 'iimbungulu zombane' okanye 'iimbungulu zomlilo' njengoko zibizwa ngesiNgesi.
Ngoobani ngokwenene aba baqhumisi beemoto?
Okokuqala, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha kukuba iifireflies azilohlobo lwempukane. Nangona igama elithi "impukane" livela egameni lazo, ziluhlobo lwebhungane. Ngokuchanekileyo, ziyinxalenye yosapho lweebhungane `(Lampyridae).` Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-2,000 zezi fireflies kwihlabathi liphela.
Khawuthelekelele indlela emangalisayo ngayo umjikelo wobomi bezi zidalwa zincinci. Uninzi lwexesha, imazi ibeka amaqanda ayo kumhlaba omanzi. Iimbungu eziqanduselwa kula maqanda zihlala phantsi komhlaba ebusika bonke. Emva koko entwasahlobo, ziyazala kwaye ekugqibeleni zibe zii-fireflies ezibhabhayo esizibonayo.
Ngamafutshane, i-firefly ayilo mpukane, kodwa yi-beetle ekhethekileyo evelisa ukukhanya.
Zitya ntoni ke ezi fireflies? Ezinye iintlobo ze fireflies, ingakumbi xa zisekwinqanaba lokuba zibomvu, ziyatya inyama. Oku kuthetha ukuba zizingela kwaye zitye izilwanyana ezincinci ezifana neenkonjane kunye neempethu. Zifaka ikhemikhali evela emizimbeni yazo kwixhoba, zilenze lingasebenzi kakuhle zize zilitye. Nangona kunjalo, ii fireflies ezindala zihlala zitya izinto ezifana ne-nectar kunye ne-pollen. Into emangalisayo kukuba ezinye iintlobo ze fireflies ezindala ziyasinda zingatyi nto !
Ukukhanya kungaphuma njani kulo mzimba mncinci?
Umbuzo omkhulu esinawo xa sibona i-firefly ngulo, "Le ntsholongwane ivelisa njani ukukhanya?" Le yinkqubo emangalisayo yebhayoloji. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-bioluminescence.
Ii-fireflies zinezitho ezikhethekileyo ezivelisa ukukhanya phantsi kwazo. Ezi zitho zineekhemikhali ezimbini.
1. ILuciferin: I-pigment enceda ekuveliseni ukukhanya.
2. I-Luciferase: Yi-enzyme evuselela ukusabela kweekhemikhali.
Xa kukho ioksijini, le luciferin kunye neluciferase ziyadibana zize zisebenze nomnye umthombo wamandla, imolekyuli ebizwa ngokuba yi``(ATP)``. Ukukhanya kuveliswa ngenxa yale mpendulo.
Okumangalisayo kukuba esi "sisibane esibandayo." Oko kukuthi, asichithi amandla njengobushushu njengeebhalbhu zokukhanya esizisebenzisayo. Phantse i-100% yamandla asetyenziswayo aguqulwa abe kukukhanya. Lo ngowona mthombo wokukhanya usebenzayo ehlabathini!
| Iimpawu ze-firefly | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ulwahlulo | Ayilo mpukane, kodwa luhlobo lwebhungane. Ingowosapho (iLampyridae) . |
| Ukukhanya | I-Bioluminescence ivelisa "ukukhanya okubandayo." Ayikhuphi ubushushu. |
| Ukutya | Iimbungu zitya izilwanyana ezifana neenkonjane kunye neempethu, ngelixa ezindala zitya i-nectar kunye ne-pollen. Ezinye ziphila zingatyanga nto. |
| Unxibelelwano | Esi sibane sisetyenziselwa ukufumana amaqabane nokoyikisa izilwanyana ezizingelayo ngokuzikhanyisa nangokuzicima. |
Ngaba iifireflies ziyingozi kuthi? Ngaba ziyaluma?
Le yingxaki enabantu abaninzi. Abazali banokuxhalaba ngale nto, ingakumbi kuba abantwana abancinci bathanda ukuchukumisa ii-fireflies.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba iifireflies azinabungozi kwaphela ebantwini . Azinamazinyo anokusiluma. Kwaye azidluliseli zifo ebantwini. Ungayibamba ngokukhuselekileyo ifireflies esandleni sakho, ujonge ukukhanya kwayo, uze uyikhulule ngononophelo.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho into encinci ethi "kodwa" apha. Nangona iifireflies zingenabungozi ebantwini, zinokuba yingozi kwezinye izilwanyana ezizama ukuzitya. Ezinye iintlobo zeefireflies zivelisa ii-steroid zokuzikhusela ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"lucibufagins" emizimbeni yazo. Ezi ziikhemikhali ezinobuthi ezinencasa engathandekiyo.
Khawucinge nje ukuba i-cizard, isigcawu, i-rat, okanye i-firefly izama ukuyitya, bebeya kuyiva le ncasa ingathandekiyo. Inobungozi kwaye inokubagulisa. Ngenxa yoko, isilwanyana esikhe satya i-firefly saza sangena engxakini asisayi kuphinda sijonge loo kukhanya kwakhona. Le yindlela i-firefly ezikhusela ngayo.
Kubalulekile: Ukuba uchukumisa i-firefly, ayizukukwenzakalisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nangasiphi na isizathu, ingakumbi kwimeko engaqhelekanga yokuba umntwana omncinci aginye i-firefly, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungacela iingcebiso kwiZiko loLwazi lweTyhefu leSizwe kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo .
Kutheni abacimi-mlilo bebasa umlilo?
Ezi zimpawu zokukhanya zifana nolwimi lwee-fireflies. Zisebenzisa olu kukhanya ngeenjongo ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Fumana iqabane: Iinkunzi ze-fireflies zikhanyisa izibane zazo ngendlela ethile xa zibhabha. Kufana nokuthi zithi, "Ndilapha, ngubani ofuna enye?" Ukuba imazi esemhlabeni iyayithanda le ndlela, iya kuphendula ngokukhanyisa izibane zayo kube kanye. Uhlobo ngalunye lunendlela eyahlukileyo.
2. Yoyikisa izilwanyana ezizingelayo: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, oku kukhanya kukwanceda ekwaziseni izilwanyana ezizingelayo ukuba imizimba yazo inetyhefu (ayinambitheki).
Nangona kunjalo, oku kukhanya ngamanye amaxesha kufaka ezi fireflies engxakini. Kukho iifireflies eziziimazi zohlobo lwe `(Photuris)`, ezikhupha iipateni zokukhanya ezifana nezo zefireflies eziziimazi zolunye uhlobo lwe `(Photinus)`, kwaye zitsala iinkunzi, zizibulale, zize zizitye! Olu luphawu olumangalisayo nolunenkohlakalo yendalo.
Ngaba iifireflies ziya kuphela?
Iindaba ezibuhlungu zezi, ewe. Inani lezi zidalwa zincinci esizithandayo liyancipha ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela. Isizathu esiphambili soku yimisebenzi yethu, oko kukuthi, imisebenzi yabantu.
- Ungcoliseko Lokukhanya: Izibane ezikhanyayo ezidolophini nasemakhaya zithintela imiqondiso yokukhanya esetyenziswa ziimpukane ukuze zifumane amaqabane azo, nto leyo enokuba ngumqobo omkhulu ekuzaleni kwazo.
- Ukulahleka Kwendawo Yokuhlala: Xa iindawo ezimanzi, amahlathi, kunye nengca apho kuhlala khona ii-fireflies zicociwe kwaye kwakhiwa izakhiwo, zishiywa zingenandawo yokuhlala. Ekubeni ii-fireflies zingaqhelanga ukufudukela kwiindawo ezintsha, ukuba zilahlekelwa yindlu yazo, ziya kunyamalala apho.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane: Izibulali-zinambuzane ezisetyenziswa ekulimeni nasekulimeni zibulala ii-fireflies kunye neembungu zazo.
Nangona siyithanda ubuhle bee-fireflies, singazi sinegalelo ekuzisuseni kweli hlabathi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iifireflies azizizo iimpukane, kodwa luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwebhungane elivelisa ukukhanya.
- Ukukhanya kwazo kuveliswa yinkqubo yeekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi -bioluminescence . Olu "lukukhanya okubandayo" olungakhuphi bushushu.
- Iimpukane ezibizwa ngokuba ziifireflies azinabungozi okanye zinobuthi ebantwini. Azilumi okanye zisasaze izifo.
- Nangona kunjalo, imizimba yazo isenokuba neekhemikhali ezinobungozi ukuze zizikhusele kwizilwanyana ezizingelayo ezizityayo.
- Iintlobo zeempukane zijongene nokuphela ngenxa yokungcola kokukhanya, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane.
- Unokunceda ekukhuseleni ezi zidalwa zincinci ngokucima izibane ezingafunekiyo emyezweni wakho nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane.
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