Masixelele ngenani leeplatelet zakho? Iinguqu kunye nezinto onokuzazi

Ngaba wakha wabona ixabiso elibizwa ngokuba yi-'PLT' xa ujonga ingxelo yeFull Blood Count? Okanye wakha wenzakala kancinci okubangela ukudumba okukhulu, okanye ukopha kweentsini xa uhlamba amazinyo akho? Zonke ezi zinto zinokunxulunyaniswa neqela elincinci leeseli egazini lakho ezibizwa ngokuba zii-platelets. Zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-thrombocytes. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba ziyintoni ezi platelets kunye nokuba kwenzeka ntoni xa ziphantsi kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, zithini ezi platelets?

Ngamafutshane, iiplatelets ziiseli ezincinci egazini lethu eziveliswa kumongo wethu wethambo. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukuyeka ukopha xa senzakele. Cinga ngendlela igazi lakho elima ngayo emva kwexesha elifutshane xa usika ingalo yakho. Ngaloo mzuzu, ezi platelets ziza njengeeqhawe, zihlangana ukuze zenze ihlwili legazi, kwaye zivale inxeba. Kufana neqela leengcali ezincinci ezibalekayo ukulungisa umbhobho ophukileyo.

Ilinganiswa njani inani leeplatelet?

Inani leeplatelet lilinganiswa ngovavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Oku kulinganiswa kuvavanyo lwe-Complete Blood Count (CBC) esilwenza rhoqo. Oku kunokujonga inani leeplatelet egazini kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Makhe sijonge ukuba kufuneka libe njani inani eliqhelekileyo leeplatelet egazini lomntu ophilileyo.

Masithethe ngeeplatelets ezisezantsi (iThrombocytopenia)

Ukuba inani leeplatelet zakho lingaphantsi kwe-150,000, oogqirha babiza le meko ngokuthi yi-thrombocytopenia. Oku kwenzeka xa ungenazo iiplatelet ezaneleyo zokuyeka ukopha emva kokwenzakala.

Zithini iimpawu?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukwehla okuncinci kweeplatelet kusenokungabangeli zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, xa inani lehla kakhulu, unokubona izinto ezifana nezi:

• Idubula lula: Nokuba iqhuma elincinci linokubangela imivumbo emikhulu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/mfusa.
• Ukopha okunzima ukukuyeka: Ukopha iintsini xa uhlamba amazinyo, ukopha rhoqo impumlo, ukopha ixesha elide nokuba unesilonda esincinci.
• Ukopha ngaphakathi: Igazi kumchamo, igazi elikwisitulo (isitulo sinokuba mnyama), igazi elikwisitulo (lisenokubonakala ngathi ligalelwe ikofu).
• Amabala abomvu eluswini: Amabala amancinci, abomvu, asicaba (i-petechiae) abangelwa kukuphuma kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi phantsi kolusu.
• Amabala amfusa eluswini: Amabala amakhulu amfusa, abomvu, amdaka-mthubi (iPurpura) abangelwa kukopha phantsi kolusu.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nobuthathaka.
• Ukopha kakhulu ngexesha lokuya exesheni kwabasetyhini.
• Ukudumba kwesibindi okanye ulusu.

Kutheni iiplatelets zincipha?

Kukho izizathu ezintathu eziphambili zokuba iiplatelets zibe phantsi:

1. Umongo wethambo awuvelisi iiplatelets ezaneleyo.

2. Ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukusetyenziswa kweeplatelets ngumzimba ngokukhawuleza.

3. I-spleen igcina iiplatelets kwaye ayizikhuphi xa kufuneka.

Nazi ezinye zezifo kunye nezizathu ezinokubangela ezi meko:

• Izifo zomongo wethambo: Iimeko ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-Aplastic Anemia, umhlaza wegazi njenge-Leukemia okanye i-Lymphoma.
• Unyango lomhlaza: Unyango lwe-chemotherapy kunye nonyango lwe-radiation lunokonakalisa umongo wethambo.
• Ukunqongophala kweevithamini: Xa i-vitamin B12 kunye ne-folate ziphantsi, kuba nzima ukuba umongo wethambo wenze iiplatelets.
• Iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba: Kwizifo ezifana neLupus kunye neRheumatoid Arthritis, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela ngempazamo kwaye itshabalalise iiplatelets zayo.
• Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-HIV, i-Hepatitis C, kunye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane.
• Amanye amayeza:Amanye amayeza, anjengeHeparin kunye neQuinine, anokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kweeplatelet.
• Izifo ezifana ne-cirrhosis yesibindi: Ezi zinokubangela ukuba i-spleen idumbe kwaye ii-platelet zibambeke kuyo.
• Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
• Ezinye iintlobo zotyando ezinkulu: Umzekelo, utyando lwentliziyo.

Masifunde nangokwanda kweeplatelets (Thrombocythemia/Thrombocytosis)

Inani leeplatelet ezingaphezu kwama-450,000 nalo liyingxaki. Oku kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwamahlwili egazi angafunekiyo . La mahlwili egazi anokunamathela emithanjeni yegazi aze abangele iimeko eziyingozi ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kunye ne-pulmonary embolism.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zale meko:

• I-Primary Thrombocythemia: Oku kubangelwa kukuveliswa okungaqhelekanga kweeplatelets kumongo wethambo. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa lutshintsho lwemfuza.
• I-Thrombocytosis yesibini: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-thrombocytosis, apho umongo wethambo ukhuthazwa ukuba uvelise iiplatelets ezininzi ngenxa yesinye isifo (umz., usulelo, ukungabikho kwesinyithi).

Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala kakhulu kwinqanaba lokuqala. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Ububomvu, ukutsha, kunye nokuba ndindisholo ezandleni nasezinyaweni.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ubuthathaka.
• Utshintsho kwimbono.
• Ukopha (nangona kukho iiplatelets ezininzi, ngamanye amaxesha azisebenzi kakuhle).

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba iiplatelets ziphantsi?

Unyango lwee-platelet ezisezantsi luxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobukhali beempawu. Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela unyango olungcono.

• Ukunyanga unobangela: Ukuba iyeza libangela ukuba inani leeplatelet liphantsi, elo yeza linokuyekiswa kwaye linikwe elinye. Ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kwe-iron okanye iivithamini, kunokunikwa izongezo.
• Amayeza: Amayeza anjenge-'Corticosteroids' (umz. i-Prednisone) okunyusa inani leeplatelet, amayeza anjenge-'Elthrombopag' kunye ne-'Romiplostim' okunyusa imveliso yeeplatelet kumongo wethambo, kunye namayeza anjenge-'Immunoglobulin' okuthintela umzimba ekutshabalaliseni iiplatelet anokunikwa.
• Utofelo-gazi okanye iiplatelet: Ukuba kukho ukopha okanye ukuba inqanaba leplatelet liphantsi kakhulu, utofelo-gazi lwangaphandle lunokwenziwa.
• I-Splenectomy: Ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango aziphumeleli kwaye i-spleen itshabalalisa iiplatelets, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba isuswe ngotyando i-spleen .