IimpawuJulayi 16, 2026🔄 Updated: Jul 16, 2026⏱ 5 min

Ngaba nawe uyasiva isandi sokuphefumla xa uphefumla? (Ukuphefumla) Masiqaphele oku

Creator: Dr. Priya Sammani
Published: 2026-07-15T22:42:56.000Z

Dr. Priya Sammani, MBBS, PG Dip. FMMedical Verification

Xa uphefumla, ingakumbi xa ukhupha umoya, ngaba uyasiva isandi esiphantsi esithi 'soo... soo...' sivela esifubeni sakho, njengentaka ekhalayo? Ngamanye amaxesha esi sisandi 'sokukhwaza' esivela kwi-mucus. Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba kukukhwaza . Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangelwa yinto elula njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ngoko ke akukho nto ibalulekileyo yokuxhalaba ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lwesifo esithile esingabonakaliyo. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto namhlanje, oko kukuthi izizathu, into onokuyenza ekhaya, kunye nexesha omele uye ngalo kugqirha.

Yintoni kanye kanye ukuphefumla?

Ngamafutshane, ukuphefumla sisandi esiphantsi somlozi esenziwa xa iindlela zomoya ezithwala umoya eziya emiphungeni yakho zincipha ngesizathu esithile. Kufana nesandi sebhaluni evuthelweyo evuthelwa ngaphandle ngokuvulwa kancinci.

Esi sandi sivakala ngokucacileyo xa ukhupha umoya (ukukhupha umoya), kodwa sinokuvakala naxa uphefumla umoya (ukukhupha umoya). Ezinye izandi zokuphefumla zincinci kangangokuba zinokuviwa ngugqirha kuphela nge-stethoscope. Kodwa ezinye ziyavakala kuthi. Uhlobo lwesi sandi luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni imijelo yomoya incinci kangakanani na. Ukuba imijelo yomoya incinci emqaleni, inokwenza isandi esirhabaxa kancinci. Xa imijelo yomoya emincinci ngaphakathi kwemiphunga inciphile, isandi sinokuba nomgangatho womculo ofana ne-clarinet.

Ngubani onokuyibona le meko rhoqo?

Ukuphefumla okuncinci yinto enokwenzeka kuye nabani na, nokuba ungakanani na ubudala. Wonke umntu, ukususela kwiintsana ukuya kubantu abadala, unokuhlangabezana nako.

Iintsana nabantwana: Iindlela zomoya zeentsana zincinci ngokwendalo. Ngoko ke nokuba umkhuhlane omncinci okanye incindi encinci inokuyicutha lula indlela yomoya, ibangele ukuphefumla. Le meko ichaphazela malunga ne-25% ukuya kwi-30% yeentsana ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala. Ikwaxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, njengoko usulelo lwentsholongwane luxhaphake kakhulu.
Abantu abadala: Abantu abadala, ingakumbi abo batshayayo , abo baneengxaki zemiphunga (i-emphysema), kunye nabo baneengxaki ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo, banamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-wheezing.
Abantu abane-asthma kunye ne-allergies: Ukuphefumla kakhulu yinto eqhelekileyo kubantu abane-asthma kunye ne-allergies ezahlukeneyo.

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili zale sandi xa uphefumla?

Akukho sizathu sithile sokuphefumla, zininzi izizathu. Ezinye zazo ziqhelekile, ngelixa ezinye zinokuba ziimeko zempilo ezinzulu. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi zizathu.

Udidi lweZizathu	Inkcazo kunye nemizekelo
Iingxaki ezinxulumene nemiphunga	Isifuba: Eyona nto iphambili neyona ixhaphakileyo yokuphefumla. I-Bronchitis: Ukudumba kwemibhobho ye-bronchial ngenxa yosulelo. I-Bronchiolitis: Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwentsholongwane phakathi kwabantwana abancinci. I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuthintelwa Kwemiphunga): Sisifo semiphunga esifumaneka ngakumbi kubantu abatshayayo. I-Pneumonia: Usulelo lwemiphunga olubangelwa yibhaktiriya okanye yintsholongwane. I-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus): Intsholongwane edla ngokuchaphazela abantwana abancinci.
Ii-aleji	Ii-aleji ezibangelwa zizinto ezifana nothuli, ipollen, i-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya, kunye nomngundo. I-Anaphylaxis: Ukusabela okukhawulezileyo nokubi kakhulu kokunganyamezelani nokutya, amayeza, okanye ukulunywa zizinambuzane. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo.
Iingxaki ezinxulumene nentliziyo	Ukusilela kwentliziyo: Ukusilela kwentliziyo kunokubangela ukuphefumla ngenxa yolwelo oluzalisa imiphunga.
Ezinye izizathu	I-GERD (Isifo se-Gastroesophageal Reflux): I-asidi yesisu inyuka kwi-esophagus, icaphukisa indlela yomoya. Ukutshaya: Kuyonakalisa imiphunga ngokuthe ngqo kwaye kubangele ukudumba kweendlela zomoya. Amayeza athile: Njengempendulo kwamanye amayeza, anjenge-aspirin. Kukho into ebambeke kwindlela yomoya:Ingakumbi abantwana abancinci abaginya into encinci (njengeqhekeza lento yokudlala, i-pea).

Izinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukulawula ukuphefumla

Ukuba unobangela wokuphefumla kwakho awungombi kangako, unokufumana isiqabu ngezinto ezilula. Kodwa khumbula, ezi zinto zenzelwe ukunciphisa iimpawu. Ukuba ukuphefumla kwakho kuxhaphakile okanye kuqatha, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Ukuphefumla ngomphunga: Ukuphefumla ngomphunga kwisitya samanzi ashushu okanye ukusebenzisa i-vaporizer kumanzisa imigudu yomoya, kukhulule umhluzi, kwaye kwenza ukuphefumla kube lula.
Ukusela ulwelo olufudumeleyo: Ukusela iziselo ezifudumeleyo ezifana neti yejinja okanye i-cilantro kunokunceda ukuphumla kwindlela yomoya.
Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukuba uyatshaya, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuyeka. Kwakhona, kuphephe ukuba phakathi kwabanye abantu abatshayayo (umsi otshayayo).
Ukusebenzisa i-Air Purifier: Ukuba une-allergy kwizinto ezifana nothuli, ukusebenzisa i-air purifier ene-HEPA filter kunokunceda ukususa izinto eziyingozi emoyeni ekhayeni lakho.
Ukuphepha izinto ezibangela i-allergies: Ukuba uyazi ukuba yintoni ebangela i-allergies yakho (umz. iziqholo ezithile, uthuli), hlala kude nezo zinto kangangoko unako.

Ulufuna njani unyango?

Ukuphefumla kunyangwa ngokufumana unobangela oyintloko nokunyanga loo nobangela. Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukuxilonga aze azame ukufumana unobangela.

Ukuba kungenxa yesifo sesifuba: Ii-inhalers , ezifana ne-bronchodilators, zinokunikwa ukuze zivule indlela yomoya kwaye zinciphise ukudumba. Ngamanye amaxesha iipilisi zomlomo (ezifana ne-montelukast) nazo zinokunikwa.
Ukuba kungenxa yosulelo lwebhaktheriya (i-bronchitis, i-pneumonia): Kuza kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . I-inhaler nayo inganikwa okwethutyana.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Ukusela amayeza amiselweyo ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo yeyona ndlela ikuphela kwayo yokuphiliswa ngokukhawuleza.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha ngokukhawuleza?

Ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo kunye nokuphefumla kancinci, oko kungaba luphawu lwemeko embi kakhulu. Ngoko ke bonana nogqirha okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.

Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.
Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho.Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba awufumani umlinganiselo weoksijini owudingayo. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo kakhulu.
Ukuqina kwesifuba okanye intlungu .
Ukuziva udidekile okanye utshintshile ingqondo.
Ukudumba kwemilebe okanye ulwimi (oku kungaba luphawu lokuba kukho i-allergy enkulu).

Ixesha lokuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)

Ukuba uziva ngathi awukwazi ukuphefumla kwaye uphefumla nzima .
Ukuba ngequbuliso uqala ukuphefumla uzive ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla emva kokulunywa sisilwanyana esifana nenyosi, ukuthatha amayeza amatsha, okanye ukutya ukutya okuthile, oku kusenokuba yi-allergy enzima ebizwa ngokuba yi-anaphylaxis.
Ukuba ubona iimpawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ezinje ngokutshintsha kombala wolusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka .

Ukuba uwedwa ngeli xesha, fowunela u-1990 ngoko nangoko ubaxelele imeko yakho. Ukuba kukho umntu ekhaya, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

Ugqirha ufumana njani unobangela?

Xa ubona ugqirha, uza kukubuza imibuzo embalwa.

Kwaqala nini ukuphefumla?
Ngaba iya isiba nkulu nangakumbi?
Ingaba ulapho imini yonke okanye uza uze uhambe?
Ingaba ixesha liyakhula xa uzilolonga, njengaxa ugoba?

Emva koko, isifuba siphulaphulwa nge-stethoscope. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zinokwenziwa ukuze kuchongwe unobangela ochanekileyo:

I-Pulse Oximetry: Ukulinganisa inqanaba le-oksijini egazini ngesixhobo esincinci esincamathiselwe emnweni.
I-X-ray yesifuba.
Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwephaphu.
Uvavanyo lwegazi.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ukuphefumla sisandi esibangelwa kukuncitshiswa kweendlela zomoya. Sinokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ukuya kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana ne-asthma nesifo sentliziyo.

Ukuba usandul’ ukuqala ukuphefumla, kuyaqhubeka okanye kuphinde kubuye, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha ukuze ufumane unobangela.

Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yingxamiseko leyo. Yiya kwiSebe leNgxamiseko elikufutshane (ETU) ngoko nangoko.

Ukuba umntwana omncinci uphefumla kancinci, lumka kakhulu.

Unokufumana isiqabu ngokukhawuleza ngokusebenzisa unyango oluchazwe ngugqirha wakho, ingakumbi ii-inhalers, kanye njengoko kumiselwe, nangokuphepha ukutshaya.

ukuphefumla nzima, isandi sokuphefumla, i-asthma, i-bronchitis, isifo semiphunga, ukuphefumla ngesiSinhala

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Ugqirha ufumana njani unobangela?

Xa ubona ugqirha, uza kukubuza imibuzo embalwa.

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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IimpawuJulayi 16, 2026