Ngaba uceba ukuya kwilizwe eliseAfrika okanye eMzantsi Melika? Okanye ngaba ujonge ukusebenza kwelinye lala mazwe? Ngoko ke ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uqaphele, kuba namhlanje sithetha ngesifo esiyingozi esisasazeka ziingcongconi. Esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi " Yellow Fever ". Sibizwa ngokuba sibangela ukuba ulusu namehlo ajike abe tyheli.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-yellow fever?
Ngamafutshane, i-yellow fever lusulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane oludluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa yingcongconi enesifo. Ezi ncongconi zifumaneka kakhulu eMzantsi Melika nakwiindawo ezithile zaseAfrika. Xa le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni womntu, inokonakalisa isibindi sethu kunye nezinye izitho zangaphakathi. Ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokubulala.
I-World Health Organisation (WHO) iqikelela ukuba kukho malunga nama-200,000 amatyala e-yellow fever kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le, kwaye malunga nama-30,000 abantu abafayo. Ngelishwa, ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kuyanda ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokugawulwa kwamahlathi, utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nobuninzi babantu.
Sidluliselwa njani esi sifo?
I-yellow fever isasazeka kakhulu kukulunywa ziingcongconi ezinentsholongwane. Ayisasazeki ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokudibana nje okungacwangciswanga, njengokuthimla okanye ukukhohlela. Oko kuyanceda kakhulu abantu abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sinokusasazeka ukuba intsholongwane ingena ngqo egazini, njengakwinaliti eyosulelwe ligazi elinentsholongwane.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengcongconi zisasaza intsholongwane. Ezinye iingcongconi zizalela kwiindawo zasezidolophini, ngelixa ezinye zizalela emahlathini. Iingcongconi ezisemahlathini nazo zisasaza esi sifo kwiinkawu. Ngoko ke, ukongeza ebantwini, iinkawu nazo zisebenza njengabasingathi besi sifo.
Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane otyheli?
Xa bosulelwe yi-yellow fever, akubona bonke abantu ababonisa iimpawu ezifanayo. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu. Kwabanye, iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala emva kweentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu emva kokulunywa yingcongconi.
Ngokubanzi, izigaba ezintathu eziphambili zesi sifo zinokubonwa.
1. Isigaba sokuqala: Oku kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezine. Iimpawu ngeli xesha zifana kakhulu nezo zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo wentsholongwane.
2. Isigaba sokuxolelwa: Oku kuthatha malunga neeyure ezingama-48. Ngeli xesha, imeko yesigulana iphucuka kancinci. Umkhuhlane uyancipha kwaye umzimba uzive ungcono. Uninzi lwabantu luyaphola ngokupheleleyo emva kwesi sigaba.
3. Isigaba Esinobuthi: Ngelishwa, phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-25% yezigulana ziya kufumana esi sigaba sesithathu siyingozi. Kulapho kuvela khona iingxaki ezinkulu.
Itheyibhile engezantsi ichaza ngokucacileyo la manqanaba kunye neempawu ezinxulumene nawo.
| Inqanaba lesi sifo | Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba lokuqala (iintsuku ezi-3-4) |
|
| Inqanaba lesibini (iiyure ezingama-48) | Iimpawu ziyaphela, imeko yesigulana iyaphucuka, kwaye abantu abaninzi bayaphila. |
| Isigaba sesithathu (esinzima) |
Okubaluleke kakhulu, iWorld Health Organisation ithi malunga nama-50% ezigulana ezingena kweli nqanaba lesithathu linzima ziyafa. Ke ngoko, esi sifo akufuneki sithathwe lula konke konke.
Isifo sichongwa kwaye sinyangwa njani?
Oogqirha baxilonga esi sifo ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zakho, ulwazi malunga neendawo osandul’ ukuzihamba, kunye novavanyo lwegazi. Iimpawu zomkhuhlane otyheli zinokufana nezinye izifo zasezitropiki, ezifana nemalariya kunye netyphoid. Ke ngoko, ukuba usandul’ ukuya kwilizwe elinomngcipheko ophezulu kwaye ubonakalise iimpawu ezifana nezi, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Ngelishwa, akukho nyango lithile okwangoku lokubulala le ntsholongwane. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho nyango . Unyango lugxile ekulawuleni iimpawu. Umzekelo, ukunyanga iimeko ezifana nomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-yellow fever,Musa ukusebenzisa i-aspirin okanye ezinye izithomalalisi zentlungu ze-NSAID (umz., i-ibuprofen, i-diclofenac) nangasiphi na isizathu. La mayeza anokunyusa umngcipheko wokopha ngaphakathi. Ezi zigulana zihlala zinyangwa esibhedlele.
Ukuthintela yeyona nto ilungileyo - masifunde ngokugonywa!
Ekubeni kungekho nyango luthile loku, eyona ndlela ilungileyo nekuphela kwayo kukuthintela ukusuleleka sesi sifo. Kukho iYellow Fever Vaccine yaloo nto.
Abantwana abangaphezu kweenyanga ezili-9 ubudala kunye nabantu abadala abahambahambayo okanye abahlala kumazwe asemngciphekweni womkhuhlane otyheli bayacetyiswa ukuba bafumane olu gonyo. Enyanisweni, amanye amazwe aseAfrika naseLatin America afuna iSatifikethi seHlabathi sokuGonywa (ICV) ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwilizwe labo. Olu gonyo ludla ngokucetyiswa ukuba luphindwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10.
Ngubani ongafanele afumane ugonyo lwe-yellow fever?
Olu gonyo alufanelekanga kuye wonke umntu. Abanye abantu banokufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi kakhulu ezivela kolu gonyo. Ke ngoko, ukuba ungomnye wamaqela alandelayo, qiniseka ukuba uxoxa ngalo nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba ufumane ugonyo.
- Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka sisifo esifana ne-HIV
- Izigulane zomhlaza okanye abo baneengxaki ze-thymus gland
- Abantu abafumana unyango oluchaphazela amajoni omzimba, olufana nee-steroids okanye unyango lomhlaza
- Abantu abaye baba ne-allergy enkulu kumaqanda, inkukhu, i-gelatin, okanye ugonyo lwe-yellow fever ngaphambili
- Oomama abakhulelweyo okanye abancancisayo
- Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala
- Abantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-9 ubudala
Amanye amanyathelo okhuseleko anokuthathwa ukongeza ekugonyeni
Ukugonywa yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, kodwa kukho amanye amanyathelo ambalwa onokuwathatha ukuze uzikhusele kwiingcongconi.
- Sebenzisa isixovuli sezinambuzane: Faka izithako eziqulethe isixovuli sezinambuzane ezifana ne-DEET kunye ne-picaridin kulusu oluvezwe elubala.
- Nxiba ngokufanelekileyo: Ukunxiba iihempe ezineemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukulunywa ziingcongconi.
- Isixovuli sempahla kunye neenethi: Futha isixovuli esine-permethrin ngaphandle kwenethi zeengcongconi, impahla, njl.
- Faka izikrini kwiifestile nakwiingcango: Vimbela iingcongconi ukuba zingangeni ekhayeni lakho. Lala phantsi kwenethi yeengcongconi rhoqo.
- Kuphephe ukuphuma phandle ngexesha leeyure ezixakekileyo zeengcongconi: Iingcongconi zisebenza kakhulu ngokuhlwa nakusasa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Yellow Fever sisifo esiyingozi esisasazeka ziingcongconi, esixhaphakileyo kumazwe aseAfrika naseMzantsi Melika.
- Ekubeni kungekho nyango luthile lwesi sifo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukusuleleka kwaso. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza oko kukufumana igonyo lomkhuhlane otyheli.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nokujika kolusu lube tyheli emva kokutyelela ilizwe elinobungozi obukhulu nokubuyela kulo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ungaze uthathe i-aspirin okanye ezinye ii-NSAID zokunciphisa iintlungu ukuba urhanela ukuba kukho umkhuhlane otyheli.
- Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngemeko yakho yempilo kunye nezicwangciso zokuhamba nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uye kwelinye ilizwe, ingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba ufumane ugonyo lwe-yellow fever.
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