Ngaba singagula ngenxa yezilwanyana zethu esizithandayo? Masithethe ngezifo ezibangelwa zizilwanyana!

Ngaba unenjana entle, ikati, okanye intaka ekhaya? Mhlawumbi usebenza efama kwaye uchithe iintsuku zakho nezilwanyana ezifana neenkomo, iibhokhwe, kunye neenkukhu. Enyanisweni, izilwanyana ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ezi zilwanyana zithandekayo zinokusasaza izifo ezahlukeneyo kuthi? Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo kweli nqaku namhlanje. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'(Zoonotic Diseases)' okanye izifo ezivela kwizilwanyana.

Zithini ezi zifo zezilwanyana ezizalwa zizilwanyana?

Ngamafutshane, "Izifo zeZoonotic" zizifo ezisulelayo ezinokusasazeka phakathi kwezilwanyana (ingakumbi izilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo - izilwanyana ezinomqolo, njengeenkomo, iigusha, iimpuku, izinja, iikati, amalulwane, iintaka) kunye nabantu. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zilwanyana zinemisebenzi yomzimba efanayo neyethu, ezinye iintsholongwane ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokuhlala kuzo zombini.

Cinga ngako, kukho izifo zezilwanyana ezinokudluliselwa kuphela zisuka kwizilwanyana ziye ebantwini, kodwa kungekhona komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-Ebola, zinokudluliselwa zisuka kwizilwanyana ziye ebantwini, zize zisasazeke ebantwini, nto leyo ebangela ubhubhane. Kukho ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-HIV kunye ne-COVID-19, eziqala zivela kwizilwanyana ziye ebantwini, zize ziguquke zibe ngabantu kuphela. Xa oko kusenzeka, siyayeka ukuzibiza ngokuba zizifo zezilwanyana, kodwa ezinye iintlobo zezo zifo zisenokubakho kwizilwanyana.

Zingaba yintoni iimpawu zezi zifo zezilwanyana?

Enyanisweni, iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ifiva.
• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Intlungu yomzimba.
• Izilonda okanye amaqhuqhuva eluswini.
• Urhudo.
• Ukuhlanza.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba ungumntu osebenzisana nezilwanyana, kububulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha.

Kutheni sifumana ezi zifo zezilwanyana? Zithini izizathu?

Izifo zezilwanyana zinokubangelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo ezibangela izifo. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zezi:

• Iintsholongwane: Ezi zizinto eziphilayo ezincinci, ezineseli enye. Zidla ngokuvelisa iityhefu, ezisigulisayo.
• Iintsholongwane: Ezi zinokuba ziimpethu ezidla ngokutya, okanye zinokuba zizinto eziphilayo ezineseli enye ezifana neprotozoa.
• Iintsholongwane: Ezi ziincinci kakhulu eziqulethe ulwazi lwemfuza. Zisebenzisa iiseli zethu ukwenza iikopi zazo.
• Iifungi: Ezi fungi zibangela izifo ezifana ne-eczema.
• IiPrions:Eli ligama elitsha kuwe. Ezi luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweproteni olunokonakalisa ingqondo.

Uninzi lweentsholongwane ezibangela izifo zihlala kuhlobo olunye lwento ephilayo – abantu, izilwanyana ezithile, izityalo, okanye ezinye iintsholongwane. Kodwa iintsholongwane ezibangela "izifo ze-zoonotic" zinokosulela abantu kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo. Okanye, ezi ntsholongwane zisenokuba zazixhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile lwesilwanyana, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, utshintsho luye lwazivumela ukuba "zitsibele" ebantwini.

Uninzi lwezi zifo zezilwanyana zibangelwa ziibhaktheriya, iiparasites, okanye iintsholongwane.

Iintsholongwane ze-Zoonoses

Nantsi eminye imizekelo:

• `(I-Anthrax)` (I-Anthrax)
• `(Brucellosis)` (Brucellosis)
• `(Isifo sokukrwela iikati)`
• `(Isifo seLyme)` (Isifo seLyme)
• `(I-Mycoplasma pneumoniae)`
• `(Isibetho)` (Ubhubhane)
• `(Psittacosis)` (Umkhuhlane weParrot)
• `(Umkhuhlane we-Q)` (Umkhuhlane we-Q)
• `(Salmonella)` (Salmonella - mhlawumbi ukhe wayiva le nto kakhulu, ingakumbi ngokunxulumene nokutya)
• `(I-Tularemia)`
• `(Isifo sephepha)` (Isifo sephepha - Esi sinokudluliselwa nakwizilwanyana)

Izifo zezilwanyana ezibangelwa zizinambuzane (iiParasitic Zoonoses)

Imizekelo yoku:

• `(Cryptosporidiosis)`
• I-Echinococcosis (umzekelo sisifo se-hydatid)
• `(I-Giardiasis)`
• `(I-Liver fluke)` (Iimpethu zesibindi)
• `(Imalariya)` (Imalariya - idluliselwa ziingcongconi, kodwa ivela kwizilwanyana)
• `(Taeniasis)` (isifo seentshulube zerhasi esidluliselwa ngenyama yehagu, inyama yenkomo, njl.njl.)
• `(I-Toxoplasmosis)` (Oku kunokusasazeka ngendle yeekati, oomama abakhulelweyo kufuneka balumke ngakumbi)
• `(I-Trichinosis)`

Iintsholongwane zezilwanyana ezibangela ukudumba kwezilwanyana

Imizekelo yoku:

• `(Umkhuhlane weentaka)` (umkhuhlane weentaka)
• `(I-Ebola)` (I-Ebola)
• `(Intsholongwane yeNipah)` (Intsholongwane yeNipah - Oku kukwaxelwe ukuba kusasazeka ngamalulwane kummandla wethu)
• `(Isifo sentsholongwane saseMarburg)`
• `(Mpox)` (eyayisakuba yi-monkeypox)
• `(I-Rabies)` (I-Rabies - Esi sisifo esibulalayo esifanele sisazi sonke)

Ukongeza, izifo ezifana ne -ringworm , ezibangelwa yifungi , kunye nesifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) , esibangelwa yi -prions (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-"mad cow disease"), zinokudluliselwa ebantwini zisuka kwizilwanyana.

Sizifumana njani ezi zifo zezilwanyana?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo esinokuzifumana ngazo ezi zifo. Nazi:

• Ngokudibana nolwelo lomzimba (igazi, umchamo, ilindle, amathe, njl.njl.) lwezilwanyana ezineentsholongwane. Cinga ngokucoca isilwanyana sakho sasekhaya xa sigula, okanye ukunyanga inxeba lesilwanyana sasefama.
• Ngokulunywa okanye ukukrwelwa zizilwanyana ezineentsholongwane. Ukuba ulunywe okanye ukrwelwe sisilwanyana esifana nenja, ikati, okanye inkawu, kufuneka ulumke.
• Ngokuluma izinambuzane ezifana neengcongconi, iingcongconi, kunye neentakumba. Ezi zinambuzane zinokuluma isilwanyana esinesifo size emva koko sisulele ngesifo.
• Ngokutya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Ngokusela amanzi angcolileyo (okanye ukutya ukutya okuhlanjwe kuloo manzi).

Kubalulekile: Ngamanye amaxesha singazibona ezi zinto singaqondanga. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala sicocekile kwaye silandele iindlela ezikhuselekileyo.

Luhlobo luni lwezilwanyana ezisasaza ezi zifo?

Enyanisweni, phantse nasiphi na isilwanyana singathwala ezi zifo zezilwanyana. Umzekelo:

• Amalulwane
• Iintaka
• Iikati
• Inyamakazi
• Izinja
• Izilwanyana zasefama (ezifana neenkomo, iihagu, iigusha)
• Izilwanyana ezingezizo ezomntu, ezifana neenkawu neenkawu
• Izilwanyana ezincinci ezincancisayo ezifana neempuku, imivundla, kunye neemoles (Iimpuku)

Zininzi izilwanyana ezinje ezisingqongileyo, akunjalo? Ngoko ke kungcono ukuba silumke.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana ezi zifo zezilwanyana?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa zezi zifo. Nazi:

• Abantu abasebenza nezilwanyana njengomsebenzi okanye umdlalo (umz. oogqirha bezilwanyana, abasebenzi basefama, abagcini bezilwanyana).
• Abantu abazingela, abalungisa, okanye abatya inyama yezilwanyana zasendle.
• Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., abantu abane-HIV, izigulana ezinomhlaza, abo bafumana amalungu omzimba afakwe).

Ukuba uwela kolu luhlu, kungcono ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko angaphezulu.

Oogqirha bazixilonga njani ezi zifo zezilwanyana?

Oogqirha badla ngokuxilonga ezi zifo ngokuhlola iisampulu zezicubu zomzimba wakho okanye ulwelo. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• Isampuli yegazi `(Igazi)`
• Isampulu yesihlalo `(Isitulo)`
• Isampuli yesikhohlela (i-phlegm evela emiphungeni)
• I-mucus swab (isampulu ye-mucus ethathwe empumlweni okanye emqaleni)

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo lwemifanekiso, olufana ne-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezi zifo zezilwanyana?

Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo losulelo onalo. Akukho mayeza athile asetyenziswa kuzo zonke izifo zezilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa rhoqo:

• Ii-antibiotics: Iintsholongwane ezininzi ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane zinokunyangeka, ingakumbi ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba.
• Ii-Antivirals: La mayeza anikwa ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane.
• Izinto ezilwa nefungus: Iikhrimu okanye iipilisi zinikwa izifo zefungus ezifana ne-eczema.
• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: La mayeza anokunyanga usulelo oluninzi olubangelwa ziintsholongwane.
• Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal:Ezi zisetyenziselwa ezinye izifo ezinzima ukunyangwa, njenge-Ebola.
• Utyando: Ezinye iintsholongwane zibangela amaqhuqhuva emzimbeni ekufuneka asuswe ngotyando.
• Ukugonywa kunye ne-immune globulin: Khawuthelekelele, ukuba ulunywe okanye ukrwelwe sisilwanyana ocinga ukuba sinesifo se-rabies, oogqirha abalindi ukuba kuvele iimpawu. Baza kukunika isitofu se-rabies ngoko nangoko baze bafake into ebizwa ngokuba yi-human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) enxebeni ukuthintela usulelo.

Ngaba ezi zifo zezilwanyana zingabulala?

Ewe, ezinye izifo zezilwanyana zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye zibeke ubomi esichengeni. Izifo ezibangelwa kukuphuma kwegazi ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ezifana ne-Ebola kunye neMarburg, zinezinga eliphezulu lokufa. I-Rabies idla ngokuba yingozi xa kuvela iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezifo zezilwanyana luyanyangeka kwaye alufane lubulale. Ngoko ke musani ukoyika, kubalulekile ukuba niqaphele.

Singazikhusela njani kwezi zifo zezilwanyana?

Kukho izinto ezininzi esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kwezi zifo:

• Ukugonywa: Kukho imigonyo yezifo ezithile ezifana ne-`(Mpox)`, `(Rabies)`, `(Ebola)`. Ukuba ukwiqela elisengozini, ukufumana ezi migonyo kuya kubonelela ngokhuseleko. Nangona kunjalo, akukho migonyo yazo zonke izifo zezilwanyana.
• Zikhusele ekulunyweni zizinambuzane: Nxiba iihempe ezineemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe, kwaye usebenzise isixovuli seengcongconi esine-DEET. Zihlole wena kunye nezilwanyana zakho ukuba azinazo iincukuthu emva kokuba ningaphandle. Nxibelelana nogqirha wezilwanyana ukuze ukhusele izilwanyana zakho kwincukuthu kunye neentakumba.
• Nxiba iiglavu xa uphatha izilwanyana (eziphilayo okanye ezifileyo): Ungaze uchukumise isilwanyana sasendle ngezandla zakho. Nokuba unxibe iiglavu, hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi emva kokuphatha izilwanyana.
• Landela iindlela zokhuseleko lokutya: Pheka inyama kakuhle. Hlamba izandla, imiphezulu, kunye nezixhobo kakuhle emva kokulungisa ukutya. Kuphephe ukusela okanye ukusebenzisa amanzi anganyangwanga ukulungiselela ukutya. Kuphephe ukusela ubisi olungagayiwanga okanye ukutya ukutya okwenziwe ngolo bisi.
• Kuphephe ukudibana nolwelo lomzimba olusulelekileyo: Kwiimeko ezinzima ze-Ebola, sebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela (ezifana nemaski yobuso, iiglasi zeglasi, i-apron, iiglavu) xa unyamekela umntu osulelekileyo. Kuphephe ukuchukumisa ulwelo lomzimba wakhe, kwaye uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle ukuba udibana naye, nokuba unxibe iiglavu. Kuphephe ukuchukumisa nantoni na edibene nolwelo lomzimba olusulelekileyo.
• Kuphephe ukutya inyama yehlathi.
• Zama ukuphepha ukulunywa okanye ukukrwelwa zizilwanyana. Ukuba ulunywe okanye ukrwelwe sisilwanyana (ingakumbi amalulwane, izinja, iikati) esinokuba ne-rabies, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba usebenza nezilwanyana okanye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana izifo zezilwanyana, thetha nogqirha wakho. Angakunceda unciphise umngcipheko wakho aze akuxelele ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele.

Ndingaya nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unezi mpawu zibalulekileyo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ukuhlanza kakhulu okanye urhudo.
• Ukudideka okanye olunye utshintsho lwengqondo.
• Ukopha okungaqhelekanga.
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Intlungu esifubeni okanye esiswini.

Okokugqibela, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ungabona ukuba nokuba sizithanda kangakanani izilwanyana, kusafuneka silumke kancinci kuba zinokusasaza izifo kuthi. Uninzi lwezifo esizixubushileyo kweli nqaku zinokunyangeka ukuba zifunyaniswe kwaye zinyangwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi indlela yokuzikhusela kwizifo ezinjalo, ulandele iindlela ezilungileyo zococeko, kwaye ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezikrokrisayo, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngoko nangoko.

Masigcine izilwanyana zethu esizithandayo ziphilile, kwaye masihlale siphilile!

Izifo zezilwanyana , Izifo zeZoonotic, Izifo ezithwalwa zizilwanyana, Iintsholongwane, Impilo, Ukhuseleko, Iimpawu