Ngaba wakha weva igama elithi ' Mad Cow Disease ' waza woyika? Xa usiva elo gama, likwenza uzive ngathi ukwifilimu eyoyikisayo, akunjalo? Abantu abaninzi bayoyika ngokungeyomfuneko kuba abazi nto ingako ngalo. Kodwa namhlanje, masithethe nje ngokuba liyintoni ngokwenene, indlela elichaphazela ngayo abantu, nokuba kufuneka siliyoyike ngokwenene na.
Okokuqala, yintoni 'isifo seenkomo eziphambeneyo'?
Ngamafutshane, isifo seenkomo eziphambeneyo sisifo senkqubo yemithambo-luvo yeenkomo. Igama laso lezonyango yiBovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) . Asibangelwa yibhaktheriya okanye yintsholongwane. Sibangelwa yiproteni engaqhelekanga ebizwa ngokuba yiprion.
Khawucinge nje, ngaphandle kwesizathu, iproteni ehlala ikhona emzimbeni wethu ijika ngequbuliso 'ibe mbi', ithathe imo engalunganga, ize iqale ukuziphatha ngendlela eyingozi. Le proteni igobile kakubi (i-prion) inokuguqula nezinye iiproteni ezilungileyo zibe ziiproteni ezimbi njengayo. Kancinci kancinci, le proteni imbi iqokelelana engqondweni nasemgogodleni, itshabalalisa izicubu zemithambo-luvo. Xa iinkomo zikhula esi sifo, azikwazi ukuma okanye ukuhamba kakuhle, kwaye zinokuba noxinzelelo kwaye zibe ndlongondlongo. Nangona kunjalo, kuthatha malunga neminyaka emi-4-6 ukuba inkomo ibonise ezi mpawu emva kokuba yosulelekile.
Esi sifo sasasazeka kakhulu e-United Kingdom ngeminyaka yoo-1980 noo-1990, xa iinkomo eziphilileyo zazinikwa ukutya kwezilwanyana okwenziwe ngenyama namathambo ezilwanyana ezinesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemithetho engqongqo kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko asebenzayo kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela, ukwanda kwesi sifo kwiinkomo ngoku kuphantsi kakhulu.
Kulungile, ngoko ke oku kubachaphazela njani abantu?
Ewe, esi sifo sinokosulela nabantu. Kodwa ke asibizwa ngokuba 'sisifo seenkomo eziphambeneyo'. Esi sifo ebantwini sibizwa ngokuba yiVariant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) .
I-vCJD sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu. Sibangelwa kukutya iimveliso zenyama yenkomo eziqulethe iindawo ezithile zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ingakumbi ingqondo okanye umqolo, wenkomo eyosulelwe yi-BSE.
Kodwa kukho into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ungayididanisi apha. Kukho esinye isifo esibizwa ngokuba yiCJD . Sibizwa ngokuba yiClassic CJD (Sporadic CJD). Loo nto kunye nale vCJD zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.
- I-CJD eqhelekileyo: Oku akubangelwa kukutya inyama yenkomo. Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu esinokuvela ngokwendalo, ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo, naphi na emhlabeni, nakubani na otya inyama yenkomo okanye ongayityiyo. Sidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
- Uhlobo lwe-CJD (vCJD): Oku kunxulunyaniswa nokutya inyama yenkomo ene-BSE. Ingachaphazela abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka.
Kumazwe afana neSri Lanka, umngcipheko wokufumana i-vCJD ngokutya inyama yenkomo usondele kakhulu kwi-zero . Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho ulawulo olungqongqo kakhulu lomgangatho wokungenisa iinkomo nenyama kumazwe ethu kwaye akukho ngxelo ze-BSE phakathi kweenkomo kwilizwe lethu.
Zithini iimpawu ze-vCJD?
Esi sifo kunzima ukusifumanisa kuba iimpawu zokuqala zifana neengxaki zengqondo. Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ziyavela.
| Isigaba | Iimpawu ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zokuqala (Enxulumene nempilo yengqondo) |
|
| Iimpawu zesigaba samva (Enxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo) |
Njengoko isifo sisiya kwinqanaba lokugqibela, isigulane siyaphazamiseka size singazi ukuba sihlala phi na. Ngelishwa, ukufa kudla ngokuvela kwiinyanga ezili-13 emva kokuba sifumene i-vCJD.
Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo kwaye sinyangwa njani?
Kunzima ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ngokupheleleyo ukuba umntu une-vCJD ngelixa esaphila. Eyona ndlela yokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo kukuba kwenziwe i-brain biopsy emva kokufa.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu urhanelwa ukuba unesi sifo, oogqirha baya kwenza uthotho lovavanyo ukuze baqinisekise ukuba azikho ezinye iimeko zonyango.
- Iskena sengqondo seMRI
- Uvavanyo lwe-EEG olujonga umsebenzi wobuchopho
- Ukubhoboza eLumbar
- Uvavanyo lwegazi
- Uvavanyo lwe-genetic
Ngaba kukho unyango?
Ngelishwa, akukho nyango lufunyenweyo olunokunyanga ngokupheleleyo i-vCJD okanye ezinye izifo ze-prion.
Okwangoku, okwenziwayo kukulawula iimpawu nokubonelela ngesiqabu kwisigulana. Umzekelo, kunikwa amayeza eentlungu, uxinzelelo lwengqondo kunye nokungalali.
Singazikhusela njani koku?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza oku kukuthintela iinkomo ekufumaneni i-BSE. Amazwe kwihlabathi liphela athathe amanyathelo angqongqo okwenza oko.
- Ukuvavanya iinkomo ze-BSE.
- Ukutshabalalisa izilwanyana ezigulayo.
- Ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kokufakwa kwezinto ezinobungozi ezifana nobuchopho beenkomo kunye neentambo zomqolo kwikhonkco lokutya kwabantu kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana.
Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzazi wena njengomntu:
- Ukupheka akubulali iiprion: Ngokwesiqhelo, xa sipheka, ukufudumeza kubulala iintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ezi proteni zibizwa ngokuba ziiprion azitshatyalaliswa ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iiasidi, okanye imisebe.
- Ubisi kunye neemveliso zobisi zikhuselekile: Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukusela ubisi oluvela kwinkomo enesifo akudlulisi i-vCJD. Ngoko ke akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka ngobisi, iyogathi, itshizi, njl.
- Ukunikela ngegazi: Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu, esi sifo sinokudluliselwa ngegazi elivela kumntu osulelekileyo. Ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko, abanikeli ngegazi abahlala kumazwe apho kuxelwe khona i-BSE bayakhutshelwa ngaphandle okwethutyana ekunikeleni ngegazi.
Ukuqukumbela, ukuhlala kwilizwe elifana neSri Lanka, asinasizathu sokuba noloyiko olungeyomfuneko malunga ne-vCJD. Ilizwe lethu linemigangatho ephezulu kakhulu yokhuseleko lokutya.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- 'Isifo seenkomo eziphambeneyo' (BSE) sisifo esichaphazela iinkomo. Uhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu olunokuchaphazela abantu lubizwa ngokuba yi-vCJD.
- Idluliselwa ngokutya inyama enezicubu zemithambo-luvo, ezifana nobuchopho okanye umqolo, evela kwinkomo enesifo. Umngcipheko uphantsi xa utyiwa inyama yenkomo rhoqo.
- I-prion ebangela esi sifo ayinakutshatyalaliswa ngokufudumeza okanye ngokupheka.
- Ubisi kunye neemveliso zobisi azidluliseli esi sifo. Zikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo.
- Umngcipheko wesi sifo kuthi eSri Lanka mncinci kakhulu. Ngoko ke musani ukoyika ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uhlangabezana notshintsho olungachazekiyo lwengqondo okanye lwemithambo-luvo (njengokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokuhamba), bona ugqirha wosapho lwakho (ugqirha) ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.
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