Ufuna ukwazi kahle ukuthi amazinga akho e-cholesterol angakanani? Kungani lokhu kubaluleke kangaka kithi?

Sonke sivame ukuzwa igama elithi cholesterol. Ngezinye izikhathi umngane noma isihlobo sethu sithi, "O, cholesterol yami iphezulu kancane." Cishe uke wezwa udokotela ethi, "Udokotela ushilo." Ngakho-ke, iyini ngempela i-cholesterol? Kungani ibalulekile emizimbeni yethu, futhi ingaba kanjani yingozi? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Kungani le nto ebizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol ibaluleke kangaka?

Kalula nje, i-cholesterol uhlobo lwamafutha emizimbeni yethu, noma ngokunembile, uhlobo lwe-lipid. Le cholesterol isiza emisebenzini eminingi ebalulekile emizimbeni yethu, njengokwakha amaseli nokukhiqiza ama-hormone athile. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yini, kuvela izinkinga uma iba ningi emzimbeni.

Cabanga ngemithambo yegazi yethu njengamapayipi athwala amanzi. Lapho amazinga e-cholesterol enyuka, le cholesterol eyengeziwe iyanda kancane kancane ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi yethu. Lapho, iyakhula futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhule, yakhe ungqimba olujiyile olubizwa ngokuthi "i-atherosclerotic plaque." Yilokhu odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "i-atherosclerosis."

Uma la ma-deposits akheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, ukugeleza kwegazi kuyavaleka. Kufana nokungcola okubhajwa epayipini lamanzi. Lokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu. Izifo zingavela. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imithambo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni ivaleka. Lokhu kuvimbela inhliziyo ekutholeni umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezidingayo.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi iye emilenzeni nasezingalweni ivaleka.
• Isifo semithambo ye-carotid (` Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid : Lokhu kungabangela ukuvaleka komthambo oyinhloko othwala igazi liye ebuchosheni.

I-cholesterol iyisiwula esikhohlisayo!

Lena yinto eyingozi kakhulu nge-cholesterol. Ngisho noma amazinga akho e-cholesterol ephezulu kakhulu futhi usuqalile ukuqoqana kwama-deposit emithanjeni yakho yegazi, isikhathi esiningi awuzizwa izimpawu . Kufana nomuntu othungatha iminwe yakhe ekhaphethini, futhi ekuqaleni akukho msindo noma ingcindezi.

Kodwa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho la ma-deposit eba makhulu futhi imithambo yegazi ivalekile, njengomsindo wezicathulo ezinezithende eziphakeme phansi kokhuni, izinkinga zingavela ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ungazi ukuthi i-cholesterol yakho iphezulu kuze kube yilapho unesimo esibucayi, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.

Cabanga nje, iminyaka eminingi, ubulokhu Ngisho noma amazinga akho e-cholesterol ephezulu, ungase ungaqapheli. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa amazinga akho e-cholesterol njalo . Uma uthola ukuthi une-cholesterol ephezulu (`i-Hyperlipidemia`), kungaba uphawu olukhulu lwesixwayiso kuwe nakudokotela wakho.

Abantu abaningi bane-cholesterol ephezulu, futhi iyisici esikhulu esiyingozi sesifo senhliziyo. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi akudingeki uphile namazinga akho e-cholesterol phakade. Ungawashintsha . Uma ubona i-cholesterol ephezulu kusenesikhathi, unethuba elingcono lokufinyelela amazinga amahle e-cholesterol ngokwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila kanye nokudla.

Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezi zinhlobo ze-cholesterol ezihlolwayo.

Uma uya kudokotela, uma bekucela ukuthi uhlole amazinga akho e-cholesterol, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi i-'Lipid panel' noma i-'Lipid profile'. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha inani elincane legazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho bese ulithumela elabhorethri. Ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela uzokutshela ukuthi uzile ukudla cishe amahora ayi-12 (ngaphandle kwamanzi). Kufanele ulandele le miyalelo ngqo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-cholesterol ezihlolwa kulesi sivivinyo:

• I-cholesterol ephelele: Lena inani eliphelele le-cholesterol egazini lakho.
• I-LDL (I-Low-Density Lipoprotein): Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol "embi" . Ngoba yiyo efakwa emithanjeni yegazi futhi inegalelo ezintweni ezifana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi.
• I-HDL (i-High-Density Lipoprotein): Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol "enhle" ngoba kusiza ukususa i-cholesterol engafuneki emzimbeni.
• Ama-Triglycerides: Lolu olunye uhlobo lwamafutha atholakala egazini. Uma leli zinga likhuphuka, kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.

Uma umbiko wakho ufika, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela wona. Ungase ukwazi nokuwubuka ku-inthanethi. I-cholesterol ilinganiswa ngamayunithi abizwa ngokuthi `mg/dL` (ama-milligram nge-deciliter). Ama-Triglycerides alinganiswa ngendlela efanayo.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube yini amazinga e-cholesterol anempilo?

Amazinga e-cholesterol anempilo angahluka kancane kumuntu nomuntu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi angahluka kancane kuye ngezinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, uhlanga, kanye nobulili.

Ngokuvamile, kuhle kumuntu omdala onempilo ukuba namazinga e-cholesterol ngaphakathi kwalezi zigaba:

• I-Cholesterol Ephelele: Izinga elingaphansi kuka-200 mg/dL lingcono kakhulu.
• I-LDL (i-cholesterol embi): Kungcono ukuyigcina ingaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo senhliziyo noma izinto eziningi ezibangela isifo senhliziyo (isib. isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukubhema), udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi wehlise izinga lakho le-LDL libe ngaphansi kuka-70 mg/dL.
• I-HDL (i-cholesterol enhle): Uma lokhu kuphakeme, kungcono . Uma ingaphezu kuka-60 `mg/dL`, iyasiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni zenhliziyo.
• Ama-Triglycerides: Umgomo ukuwagcina engaphansi kuka-150 mg/dL.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi izinga lakho le-LDL kufanele lehle futhi izinga lakho le-HDL kufanele lenyuke .

Kunomehluko omncane phakathi kobulili emazingeni e-HDL. Abesifazane abadala kufanele babe nezinga le-HDL okungenani elingu-50 mg/dL. Amadoda kufanele abe nezinga le-HDL okungenani elingu-40 mg/dL.

Ngakho-ke, qhathanisa amanani asembikweni wakho nalawa mazinga ajwayelekile. Kodwa, ungalokothi wenze izinqumo wedwa . Khuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uqonde kahle ukuthi la manani asebenza kanjani esimweni sakho.

I-cholesterol "iphezulu" kangakanani?

Ngokuvamile, izinga le-cholesterol eliphelele elingu-200 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu libhekwa “njengeliphezulu.” Kodwa-ke, odokotela bahlukanisa lokhu ngezigaba ezithile, njenge-“borderline high” (phakathi kuka-200 no-239 mg/dL). Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubona ukuthi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingasiza yini ekulawuleni ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa.

Isibonelo, izinga lakho le-LDL (i-cholesterol embi):

• Uma iphakathi kuka-130-159 mg/dL, ingase iwele ezingeni "eliphezulu kakhulu".
• "Okuphezulu" kuphakathi kuka-160-189 mg/dL.
• Noma yini engaphezu kuka-190 mg/dL "iphezulu kakhulu".

Uma kusezingeni elinjalo, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela futhi uthole ukwelashwa neseluleko esidingekayo.

Ingabe amazinga e-cholesterol angaba phansi kakhulu noma aphezulu kakhulu?

Lona futhi umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo.

• Uma kukhulunywa ngamazinga akho e-cholesterol ephelele kanye ne -LDL (i-cholesterol embi) , uma ephansi, kuba ngcono . Abacwaningi abakayitholi indlela yokunciphisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL ethi "awukwazi ukwehla ngaphezu kwalokhu." Lokho kusho ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-LDL yakho iphansi kangakanani, ilungele impilo yakho.
• Kodwa uma izinga le-HDL (i-cholesterol enhle) liphezulu , liba ngcono. Akukho mkhawulo ophezulu othi "ayikwazi ukukhuphuka kakhulu kunalokhu".

Kalula nje,Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho uma i-LDL iphansi kakhulu, futhi akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho uma i-HDL iphezulu kakhulu – kokubili kuyizimpawu ezinhle!

Kufanele uhlolwe kangaki i-cholesterol yakho?

Lokhu futhi kuyinto ehlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Udokotela wakho nguyena okufanele akutshele ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki. Kunezici eziningana ezithinta lokhu:

• Ubudala: Njengoba ukhula, udinga ukuhlolwa kaningi.
• Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho oseduze (umama, ubaba, izingane zakini) enesifo senhliziyo, i-cholesterol ephezulu, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma isifo sohlangothi, nawe usengozini enkulu. Ngakho-ke kufanele uhlolwe kaningi.
• Izici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo: Uma usuvele unesifo senhliziyo, noma uma unezici eziyingozi ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukubhema, noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, kufanele uhlolwe njalo.
• Ubulili: Amadoda ngokuvamile ayelulekwa ukuthi ahlolwe njalo esemncane.

Izingane zivame ukuhlolwa i-cholesterol yazo okokuqala phakathi kweminyaka engu-9 nengu-11. Bese kuba njalo eminyakeni emi-5. Kodwa-ke, uma othile emndenini eye waba nezinkinga ze-cholesterol noma isifo senhliziyo esemncane, udokotela angase atuse ukuthi i-cholesterol yengane ihlolwe esemncane kakhulu.

Iseluleko esijwayelekile esinikezwa abantu abadala simi kanje:

• Uma ungumuntu ophilile ophakathi kweminyaka engu-20-39 , cishe kufanele uhlolwe njalo eminyakeni engu-4-6.
• Ngemva kweminyaka engu-40-45 , kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlolwa kaningi (mhlawumbe kanye ngonyaka noma emibili), ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi ezishiwo ngenhla.
• Abesifazane , ikakhulukazi ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, badinga ukunaka kakhulu amazinga abo e-cholesterol.

Kodwa-ke, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho umbuze ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki, okuyinto efanele wena.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukwazi amazinga akho e-cholesterol kungakusiza uqonde ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo. Kodwa khumbula, la manani e-cholesterol alandisa ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yendaba . Udokotela wakho uzobheka nezinye izici zempilo yakho (njengomfutho wegazi, amazinga kashukela, isisindo, kanye nendlela yokuphila) ukuze anqume ingozi yakho iyonke.

Ngakho-ke, uma amanani akho ombiko we-cholesterol engaphandle kwebanga elijwayelekile, ungesabi ngokushesha .

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi lezo zindinganiso zingena kanjani empilweni yakho iyonke nokuthi yini okudingeka uyenze. Uma kudingeka, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila (ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba) kanye nemithi eminingana kungasiza ukubuyisela amazinga akho e-cholesterol ezingeni elifanele. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala ugxile kulokhu futhi ulandele iseluleko sikadokotela wakho.

'I-cholesterol, isifo senhliziyo, i-cholesterol ye-LDL, i-cholesterol ye-HDL, ama-triglycerides, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, impilo enempilo