Ingabe isilwane siyingozi? Ingabe sinolaka? Ingabe uyesaba ama-rabies? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Sonke siyazithanda izilwane, akunjalo? Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, into encane ingaba yinkinga enkulu uma singacabangi ngayo. Yilokho okuyi-rabies. Ngisho nokuzwa igama kuzwakala kuyesabeka kancane, akunjalo? Kodwa uma ulazi futhi uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo, akunzima kangako ukuhlala uphephile ngokuphelele kulesi simo esiyingozi. Ngakho-ke, namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini (Rabies) , ukuthi iyithinta kanjani imizimba yethu, nokuthi singazivikela kanjani kuyo.

Kuyini iRabies? Kalula nje…

Amarabi ayisifo esiyingozi kakhulu futhi esingaba yingozi kakhulu. Sibangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(igciwane lamarabi – RABV)`. Leli gciwane livame ukungena emizimbeni yethu ngokuthintana ngqo namathe esilwane esinalesi sifo, noma nezingxenye zobuchopho/isimiso sezinzwa. Okungukuthi, mhlawumbe ngokuklwebheka, ukulunywa, noma ngesilonda sesikhumba, noma ngolwelwesi lwamafinyila njengamehlo, ikhala, noma umlomo.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi, nakuba amarabi ebulala, ayisifo esingavinjelwa ngokuphelele. Sidinga nje isinyathelo sokuqala.

Lesi sifo singadluliselwa kubantu ngisho nasezifuyweni (njengezinja namakati) emakhaya ethu, ikakhulukazi uma isilwane esinalesi sifo siluma noma siklwebha inxeba.

Kwenzekani ngempela uma uthola isifo samarabi?

Cabanga ukuthi ulunywe yisilwane esinesifo samarabi. Igciwane elithi "Rabies", elisemathanjeni esilwane, lingena emzimbeni wakho ngesilonda. Ngemuva kwalokho, leli gciwane lihamba kancane kakhulu, kodwa kancane kancane , lihamba ngemithambo yakho, liye ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa oluphakathi, okungukuthi, ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogodleni .

Inkinga yangempela iqala lapho igciwane lifika ebuchosheni. Yilapho ubuchopho buqala khona ukonakala, okubangela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zezinzwa. Ekugcineni, lesi simo singaholela ekuqulekeni nasekufeni. Yingakho kuyingozi kangaka.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Emhlabeni jikelele, abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi, noma abantu ababalelwa ku-59,000, babulawa yisifo samarabi minyaka yonke. Kodwa emazweni afana neMelika, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, abantu abangaphansi kwabathathu bakuthola njalo ngonyaka. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi abantu abaningi bagonywa ngokushesha ngemva kokulunywa yisilwane. Nasezweni lethu, ukuqwashisa ngalokhu kanye nokwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yisifo samarabi?

Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya zase-Asia nase-Afrika. Sitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. E-United States, sivame kakhulu ezilwaneni zasendle. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye amazwe amaningi, njengeSri Lanka, sivame kakhulu ukusabalala yizinja. Izingane ezincane zinamathuba amaningi okutheleleka ngalesi sifo kunabantu abadala, ngoba zidlala nezilwane futhi ngezinye izikhathi aziqondi ngokugcwele ingozi.

Indlela Amarabi Athinta Ngayo Umzimba Wethu

Uhambo lwaleli gciwane lusuka enxebeni luye ebuchosheni lwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini lezo zigaba.

1. Isikhathi lapho igciwane lihlala khona emzimbeni (Isikhathi Sokufukama)

Lesi yisikhathi esithathayo ukuthi igciwane lingene emzimbeni futhi liye ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Lesi sikhathi singasukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa, noma ngisho nasezinyangeni. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, azikho izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma ukwelashwa kunikezwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi "sokufukama", okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu, ukuthuthukiswa kwamarabi kungamiswa ngokuphelele.

2. Isigaba se-Prodromal

Manje igciwane elithi `(RABV)` lihamba ngamaseli ezinzwa bese lingena ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. Njengoba lenza kanjalo, lilimaza imizwa. Lesi `(isigaba se-Prodromal)` siqala lapho igciwane lingena ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Ngemuva kwalokho isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela siqala ukulwa nalo, okungabangela izimpawu zomkhuhlane njengomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba . Futhi, ungase uzizwe ungenamizwa, ubuhlungu, kanye nokulunywa endaweni yokulunywa. Lesi sikhathi singahlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kweziyishumi. Into edabukisayo ukuthi, uma usufike kulesi sigaba, cishe akukho ukwelashwa okusebenzayo.

3. Isigaba esibukhali sezinzwa

Kulesi sigaba, igciwane elithi `(Rabies)` liqala ukulimaza ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Kulesi sigaba, izimpawu zingavela ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• I-Furious Rabies: Lokhu kwenzeka cishe kubantu ababili kwabathathu. Kubangela ukuziphatha okungapheli, ulaka, ukuxhuzula , kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
• Amarabi Akhubazekile: Lokhu kungenzeka kwabanye abantu. Umzimba uyakhubazeka futhi ungaphili. Ngokuvamile kuqala endaweni yokulunywa bese kusakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Amarabi abukhali angahlala kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya esontweni. Amarabi akhubazekile angahlala inyanga yonke.

4. Isimo se-Coma

Abantu abaningi bawela kwi-coma ezigabeni zokugcina zalesi sifo. Ekugcineni, ukufa ngenxa yamarabi kwenzeka.

Ziyini izimpawu zeRabies?

Igciwane ngokuvamile alibonisi zimpawu amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokungena emzimbeni. Kuphela lapho igciwane lifika ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi (okungukuthi, ngesikhathi 'sesigaba sokukhula') lapho kuvela khona izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Ezigabeni zokugcina, kuvela izimpawu ezihlobene nohlelo lwezinzwa (ubuchopho).

Izimpawu ze-Prodromal

• Imfiva
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuvuvukala kwenxeba lokulunywa yizilwane, ukulunywa , ukungazweli , ubuhlungu
• Ukukhwehlela
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• IsicanucanuNokuhlanza
• Uhudo

Izimpawu ze-neurologic ezibukhali

Lokhu kungaba "Ukuthukuthela" noma "Ukukhubazeka." Izimpawu zamarabi anamandla zingavela ngokuzumayo, ziphele ngemva kwesikhashana, bese zibuya.

Izimpawu zesifo samarabi esithukuthele

• Ukuziphatha okunolaka nokungahlaliseki
• Ukungahlaliseki
• Ukuquleka
• Ukubona izinto ezingekho, ukubona /ukuzwa izinto ezingekho
• Ukudikiza kwemisipha (Fasciculations)
• Imfiva
• Inhliziyo esheshayo (i-Tachycardia)
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo (i-Hyperventilation)
• Ukuthelwa amathe ngokweqile
• Umehluko ngobukhulu be-iris yamehlo amabili (i-Anisocoria)
• Ukukhubazeka kobuso
• Ukwesaba amanzi/ukuphuza amanzi (Hydrophobia) - Lolu uphawu olubalulekile
• I-Aerophobia ukwesaba umoya ebusweni.
• Ukuphambana kwengqondo

Izimpawu ze- Paralytic Rabies

• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukuqina kwentamo
• Ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba (ikakhulukazi kusukela endaweni lapho isilwane silunywe khona bese kusakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba)
• Ukuba ndikindiki, umuzwa ofana nezintuthwane ezikhasa nxazonke
• Ukukhubazeka
• Isimo se-Coma

Kungani sithola amarabi?

Isizathu salokhu igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(RABV)`. Leli gciwane lihamba ngemithambo emizimbeni yethu futhi lilimaza imizwa. Into ekhethekile ukuthi leli gciwane licasha ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba lize lifike ebuchosheni. Kungemva kokufika ebuchosheni kuphela lapho libangela khona umonakalo futhi ekugcineni libulale.

Isifo samarabi sidluliselwa kanjani?

Amarabi atholakala ezilwaneni ezinegazi elifudumele (izilwane ezincelisayo), ikakhulukazi ematheni azo. Ngokuvamile adluliselwa ngokulunywa yisilwane esinalesi sifo.

Ivame ukutholakala ezilwaneni ezifana namalulwane, ama-skunk, ama-raccoon, kanye nezimpungushe. Kodwa-ke, ingatholakala nasezifuyweni ezifana nezinja namakati. Ama-rabie angatholakala uma ngisho nokusikeka okuncane esikhumbeni sakho kuthinta amathe esilwane esinalesi sifo.

Akuvamile kakhulu, ukuthi idluliselwe ngesikhathi sokufakelwa izitho (ukunikela ngezitho).

Yiziphi izilwane ezivame kakhulu ukudlulisela isifo samarabi?

Itholakala kakhulu ezilwaneni zasendle, ikakhulukazi amalulwane. Emazweni asathuthuka, okungukuthi, emazweni afana nelethu, abantu abaningi bathola isifo samarabi ezinjeni ezisendlini (ikakhulukazi izinja ezizulazulayo).

Emazweni afana neMelika, lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukulunywa yilulwane. Inxeba elibangelwa ukulunywa yilulwane lincane kakhulu, cishe lingangesihloko sepensela. Ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi akekho owaziyo ukuthi ilulwane lilumile. Ngenxa yalokho,Uma uke waba nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokushayisana nelulwane, noma uma ungabaza ukuthi ulunywe yini noma cha, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani ukuthi unesifo samarabi? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ngokungafani nezinye izifo, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukulinda uze ube nezimpawu ukuze uhlole ukuthi unesifo samarabi. Uma ulunywe noma uklwejwe yisilwane sasendle noma isilwane ocabanga ukuthi singaba namarabi, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Bazohlola inxeba lakho, babuze imibuzo, bese benquma ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa ngamarabi.

Udokotela angase abuze imibuzo efana nale:

• Walimala kanjani?
• Hlobo luni lwesilwane esiqaphile noma esiqaphile?
• Ungakwazi yini ukuhlola leso silwane noma ukusibuka izinsuku ezimbalwa?

Uma isilwane sisolwa ukuthi sinesifo samarabi, isilwane sibhekwa cishe izinsuku eziyi-10, uma kungenzeka, noma sihlolwe (ukuze sihlolwe isilwane, kumele sibulawe).

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa

Ngemva kokuvela kwezimpawu, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwamathe: Kuthathwa isampula yamathe bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kubhekwe izimpawu zamarabi.
• I-biopsy yesikhumba: Kuthathwa ingxenye encane yesikhumba ngemuva kwentamo bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri.
• Ukuhlolwa koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (Lumbar Puncture): Lolu ketshezi luthathwa emhlane ongezansi ngenaliti bese luthunyelwa ukuze luhlolwe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi ukuze kuhlolwe ama-antibodies.
• Ukuskena kwe-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Kuthatha izithombe zobuchopho ukusiza ukuthola imbangela yezimpawu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha isifo samarabi?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuvunyelwe kwamarabi uma izimpawu zibonakala. Yingakho sithi, uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yileli gciwane (ngokulunywa, ukuklwejwa, noma ukuthintana nesilwane esigulayo), bheka udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Geza inxeba kahle ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzu eyi-15 . Uma kungenzeka, sebenzisa isisombululo se-povidone-iodine esingu-10%. Cela udokotela wakho iseluleko esengeziwe sokuthi ungalihlanza kanjani inxeba.

Udokotela uzokunikeza uchungechunge lwemigomo yokuvimbela amarabi abangelwa yigciwane lamarabi. Uma ungakaze uthole umuthi wokugomela amarabi ngaphambili, uzonikezwa nokwelashwa nge-antibody ngqo enxebeni.

Imithi yokuthintana okusolwayo

Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Le mithi ivimba igciwane ukuthi lingafiki ebuchosheni.

• Umuthi wokugomela amarabi:Kunikezwa imithamo emine esikhathini sezinsuku ezingu-14. Uma uke wathola umuthi wokugomela ngaphambi kokuchayeka, kunikezwa imithamo emibili kuphela. Lo muthi wokugomela ufundisa umzimba wakho ukuthi ubhubhise igciwane le-rabies ngaphambi kokuba lifinyelele ebuchosheni bakho.
• I-human rabies immune globulin (HRIG): Lokhu kunikezwa eduze kwenxeba. I-HRIG iletha ama-antibodies ngqo emzimbeni wakho ukuze abulale igciwane eduze kwenxeba kuze kube yilapho isimiso somzimba wakho sokuzivikela siqala ukusebenza. I-HRIG ayinikezwa uma uke wagonywa ngaphambilini.

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa

Imithi yokugomela amarabi ingabangela imiphumela emibi emincane:

• Ubuhlungu, ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala endaweni yokujova
• Isicanucanu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Isiyezi

Uma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu, tshela udokotela wakho.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngilinyazwa yisilwane esingilume noma esingiklwebhile?

• Geza inxeba ngokushesha kahle ngensipho namanzi agobhozayo (okungenani imizuzu eyi-15). Uma kungenzeka, sebenzisa isisombululo se-`Povidone-iodine` esingu-10%.
• Xhumana nodokotela noma ihhovisi lezempilo lomphakathi lendawo ngokushesha okukhulu. Chaza okwenzekile bese unikeza yonke imininingwane oyaziyo ngalesi silwane (ingabe kwakuyisilwane sasendle? ingabe kwakuyisilwane esifuywayo? hlobo luni lwesilwane? Saziphatha kanjani?).
• Buza udokotela ukuthi ungalihlanza kanjani inxeba kangcono nokuthi ngabe kudingeka yini umuthi wokugomela isifo samarabi.
• Uma isilwane sasendle esinolaka sihlasela, yazisa abaqondisi bezilwane.

Kungani kungekho ukwelashwa kwamarabi?

Akukho ukwelashwa kwesifo samarabi uma igciwane selifikile ebuchosheni, ngoba livikelwe yisithiyo segazi nobuchopho .

"Isithiyo segazi nobuchopho" siyi-membrane evikelayo phakathi kobuchopho bakho nemithambo yegazi ekhanda lakho. Kufana nesihlungi esihle. Sivimba ubuthi nezinto eziyingozi ukuthi zingangeni ebuchosheni bakho zisuka egazini lakho.

Nakuba abacwaningi bengakaqiniseki, igciwane le-rabies liqinisa lesi sithiyo nakakhulu, ngakho-ke imithi engabulala igciwane ayikwazi ukungena ebuchosheni.

Ungazivikela kanjani kumaRabies? (Ukuvimbela)

Amarabi angavinjelwa ngokuphelele.

• Qiniseka ukuthi izilwane zakho ezifuywayo (izinja, amakati) zinolwazi lwakamuva ngemigomo yazo yesifo samarabi.
• Ungavumeli izilwane zakho ziphume zodwa ngaphandle komuntu ozinakekelayo.
• Hlala kude nezilwane zasendle. Ungaziphathi izilwane ezilimele noma uzame ukuphatha izilwane zasendle.
• Uma kukhona ilulwane ekamelweni lapho umuntu elele khona, cabanga ukuthi umuntu ulunywe yilulwane. Ukulunywa yilulwane kuncane kakhulu futhi kuyaphela ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke bonana nodokotela.
• Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ulunywe noma waklwejwa yisilwane sasendle noma wavezwa ngenye indlela yisifo samarabi, bheka udokotela ngokushesha.
• Uma usengozini enkulu yokuchayeka kumarabi (njengodokotela bezilwane, izikhulu zokulawula izilwane), kungumqondo omuhle ukuthola uchungechunge lwemigomo ngaphambi kokuchayeka (Pre-exposure prophylaxis - PREP).

Ukuvimbela Ukuchayeka Ngaphambi Kokuchayeka (PREP)

Uma usengozini enkulu yokuchayeka kumarabi, kungcono ukugonywa ngaphambi kokuba uchayeke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ``Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP)``. Lolu uchungechunge lwemijovo emibili. Ukuthi udinga kangaki umjovo we-``Booster`` kuncike engozini yakho.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abasebenza nezilwane zasendle noma zasekhaya (odokotela bezilwane, izikhulu zezilwane zasendle, abagcini bezilwane).
• Abantu abavame ukuya ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona amalulwane kanye nemihume.
• Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni zokucwaninga ezisebenza negciwane le-rabies.
• Abantu abaya ezindaweni lapho i-rabies ivame khona ezinjeni.

Yini ongayilindela uma ubhekene nomdlavuza wamarabi?

Uma ubhekene ne-rabies, kuzodingeka ukuthi ugonywe cishe ngemva kwamasonto amabili. Imithi yokugoma ingabangela imiphumela emibi emincane, njengobuhlungu endaweni yokujova kanye nokungakhululeki.

Ungasinda yini ku-rabies?

Yebo, amarabi angavinjelwa uma uthola ukwelashwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuchayeka, ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma usunamarabi, okusho ukuthi unezimpawu, akukho ukwelashwa okusebenzayo. Ngaphandle kokugoma okusheshayo kanye nokwelashwa kwemithi, amarabi cishe ahlala ebulala.

Ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani ne-rabies?

Abantu bangahlala bengenazo izimpawu amasonto, ngisho nezinyanga, ngemva kokuchayeka. Kodwa-ke, ukufa kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimpawu.

Kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha uma ulimele ukulunywa yisilwane noma uma uke wavezwa yisifo samarabi?

Kudingeka kuthathwe ngokushesha. Ukuchayeka kumarabi kuyisimo esiphuthumayo.

Kulesi simo, bona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu:

• Uma ulinyazwe yisilwane sasendle, njengokulunywa noma ukuklwebheka.
• Uma ulunywe noma uklwejwa yinoma yisiphi isilwane ocabanga ukuthi singase sibe namarabi.
• Uma kukhona ilulwane ekamelweni lapho umuntu elele khona.
• Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yisifo samarabi nganoma iyiphi enye indlela.

Lungela ukuphendula imibuzo efana nokuthi ulimele kanjani, uhlobo luni lwesilwane, nokuthi ungasibuka yini isilwane izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-ER (Igumbi Eliphuthumayo)?

Uma inxeba lijulile, uma ukopha kungayeki, noma uma inxeba lisebusweni noma entanyeni, hamba uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

• Iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlanza inxeba?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukugonywa ngoba ngangichayeke kuma-rabies?
• Injani isimiso sami sokugoma?
• Kwenzekani uma kufanele ngithole umuthi wokugoma ngolunye usuku?
• Ingabe ngisengozini enkulu yokuchayeka kumarabi?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukuya ohlelweni lokuvimbela ukusabalala (i-PREP)?

Ingabe zonke izinja zinamarabi?

Amarabi avamile ezinjeni ezisathuthuka zase-Asia nase-Afrika. Kodwa-ke, emazweni athuthukile njenge-United States, iCanada, kanye neNtshonalanga Yurophu, amarabi awavamile ukubonwa ezinjeni zasekhaya. Ezweni lakithi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinja ezizulazulayo nezinja ezingagonywanga kahle.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Amarabi ayisifo esibi kakhulu, cishe njalo esibulalayo. Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, singavinjelwa ngokuphelele uma selashwa ngokushesha. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ulunywe yisilwane futhi uke wavezwa amarabi , ungangabazi ukubona udokotela ngokushesha. Kuzokusiza ukusindisa impilo yakho. Ungakhohlwa ukugoma izilwane zakho ngesikhathi.