Ingabe unemithambo yegazi evinjiwe esweni lakho? Ake sifunde nge-Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO)!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma umthambo omncane wegazi ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu uvaleka? Lokhu kungase kube yinto entsha kuwe. Kodwa, kungenzeka ngempela. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Retinal Vein Occlusion , noma i-RVO. Ungakhathazeki, uma ukuqonda kahle lokhu, kuzokusiza kakhulu ekwenzeni izinto ezidingekayo.

Kuyini ukuvalelwa kwemithambo ye-retinal?

Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho umthambo, noma umthambo wegazi, okhipha igazi ku -retina engaphakathi kweso lakho uvaleka ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye. Cabanga ngakho le retina engemuva kweso lethu ifana nefilimu ekhamera. Lapho ukukhanya kushaya iso, kusiza ukudala izithombe futhi kusivumele ukuthi sibone. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kusuka ku-retina kuvaleka, igazi liqala ukuqoqwa lapho. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso ikhule futhi ivuvuke . Uma lolu hlobo lwenkinga lungelashwa ngokushesha, umbono wethu ungase ulahleke noma wehle . Njengamanje, ayikho indlela ephephile yokuvula ngokuphelele lo mthambo wegazi ovalekile futhi. Kodwa, ungalilahli ithemba! Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingalawula imiphumela emibi futhi zivikele umbono wakho . Odokotela bamehlo bazolungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luhambisane nesimo sakho. Ungadinga izindlela zokwelapha ezingaphezu kweyodwa, kusukela ekujovweni kuya ekuhlinzweni .

Ingabe kukhona izinhlobo zalokhu `(RVO)`?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-RVO: 1. Ukuvalelwa kwemithambo yegazi ephakathi kwe-retina (CRVO) : Yilapho umthambo wegazi oyinhloko ku-retina uvaleka khona. 2. Ukuvalelwa kwemithambo yegazi ye-retina yamagatsha (BRVO) : Yilapho umthambo owodwa noma eminingi yamagatsha amancane axhunywe emthambo wegazi oyinhloko ivaleka khona. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo `(RVO)`?

Eqinisweni, i-RVO yisimo sesibili esivame kakhulu esithinta i-retina yethu, ngemuva kwe-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela. Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi emhlabeni wonke:

• Lesi simo (i-Retinal Vein Occlusion) sithinte abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-16.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal ephakathi (CRVO) kuthinta abantu abaphakathi kuka-1 no-4 kwabayi-1,000.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal retinal (BRVO) kuthinta abantu abaphakathi kuka-6 no-12 kwabayi-1,000.

Lezi zibalo zibonisa ukuthi, nakuba lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu, kuthinta inani elikhulu labantu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-`(RVO)`?

Izimpawu ze-`(RVO)` zivame ukuvela esweni elilodwa kuphela. Lezi yizimpawu eziyinhloko:

• Ukubona okufiphele noma ukulahlekelwa umbono : Lokhu kungenzeka ngokuzumayo, noma kunganda kancane kancane emahoreni ambalwa noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
• Ama-Floater : Lawa amabala amancane amnyama noma imicu ebonakala sengathi iyahambahamba uma uwabuka.
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso : Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezimweni ezinzima.

Kodwa nansi into okufanele uyikhumbule. Ngezinye izikhathi, awukwazi ukuba nezimpawu kuze kube yilapho kuvela imiphumela emibi. Kwabanye abantu, udokotela akazi nokuthi banenkinga kuze kube yilapho beya kohlolwa amehlo njalo.

Kungani lokhu `(RVO)` kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

Imbangela eyinhloko yalesi simo ukuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwegazi okuvamile ngemithambo ye-retinal. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene:

• Ihlule legazi .
• Ukuhamba kwegazi okuhamba kancane.
• Umthambo we-retinal kanye nomthambo we-retinal ziyahlangana, lapho umthambo ucindezelwa khona. Cabanga ngakho, lo mthambo unikeza i -retinal igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo. Njengoba ukhula, noma ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-plaque ezindongeni zemithambo, lo mthambo ungancipha futhi ucindezele umthambo ongaphansi kwawo. Lokhu kungalimaza udonga lwangaphakathi lomthambo, kwandise ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola le `(RVO)`?

Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 buyisici esikhulu sengozi. I-RVO ivame ukuthinta abantu abaneminyaka engama-50 nama-60. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ingathinta abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40. Futhi, uma unezinye zezimo ezilandelayo, ingozi yakho yokuthola i-RVO iphakeme:

• I-atherosclerosis
• Isifo sikashukela
• Isimo se-Glaucoma
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme

Enye into ukuthi, uma uke waba ne-RVO esweni elilodwa ngaphambili, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi nelinye iso lizoyithola.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona ye-`(RVO)`?

Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal (RVO) kungabangela izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• I-Cystoid macular edema : Lokhu kwenzeka lapho isikhungo se-retina yakho, i-macula, sivuvukala. Lokhu kungabangela ukufiphala noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa umbono.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi esweni : Imithambo yegazi emisha nebuthakathaka ingakheka ezindaweni ezahlukene ngaphakathi kweso, ikakhulukazi eduze kwe-iris (i-rubeosis iridis). Lesi simo sithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabane abane-RVO. Ukuvuselelwa kwemithambo yegazi esweni akuvamile kakhulu kwi-retina.
• Ukopha kwegazi nge-vitreous: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho igazi livuza lingena entweni efana nejeli ngaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous humor). Imithambo yegazi emisha, engajwayelekile eyakhekayo ibuthakathaka kakhulu, futhi ingavuza igazi.
• I-Neovascular glaucoma : Lokhu kwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha ngaphakathi kweso kungabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu okuyingozi ngaphakathi kweso, okungabangela nobuhlungu.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal : Ngenxa yokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha ku-retinal, i-retinal ingasuka ezicutshini zayo ezisekelayo.

Abantu abane-RVO basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo zenhliziyo , njengohlangothi , kunalabo abangenayo i-RVO. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezinto ezivamile ezibangela ingozi, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-atherosclerosis.

Uyibona kanjani le `(RVO)`?

Odokotela bamehlo baxilonga i-RVO ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-retina. Basebenza futhi nodokotela wakho oyinhloko (PCP) ukuthola imbangela yale nkinga yokugeleza kwegazi.

Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzovula amehlo akho bese ebheka ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi yini engemuva kweso lakho ngokucacile. Bazosebenzisa i-microscope ekhethekile kanye ne-ophthalmoscope, abayifaka ekhanda labo, ukuze babheke ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Bazobe sebekwazi ukubheka ngaphakathi kweso lakho ukuze babone noma yiziphi izinkinga noma umonakalo ekuboneni kwakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungakutshela:

• Thola ukuthi ngabe lokhu "yi-Central RVO" noma "yi-Branch RVO".
• Thola ukuthi isikhungo sokubona sivuvukele yini (i-macular edema) nokuthi ngabe imithambo yegazi emisha engavamile yakhekile yini.
• Hlola izinga lokuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi ku-retina.

Kungadingeka ukuhlonza ngokunembile isimo `(RVO)`, ukunquma ubukhulu bomonakalo obangelwe, nokwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe.

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlonza `(RVO)`

Udokotela wakho wamehlo angase asebenzise eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zivivinyo ukuze anqume isimo sakho esiqondile:

• Izithombe ze-Fundus: Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini imithambo yegazi emisha ngaphakathi kweso nokuthi lingakanani igazi elilahlekile.
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT) : Lena yindlela yokuthwebula enesinqumo esiphezulu. Ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola i-macular edema. Ilinganisa ubukhulu be-retina futhi inikeza amanani aqondile. Lawa manani abaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni isikhathi eside kwesimo sakho.
• I-Fluorescein angiography : Kulolu vivinyo, kufakwa idayi ekhethekile emthanjeni ongalweni yakho. Uma idayi iya emithanjeni yegazi engaphakathi kweso, ibonakala ngokucacile ezithombeni. Lolu vivinyo lusetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi ingakanani imithambo ye-retinal evinjiwe. Lungabonisa nokuthi ingakanani i-retina engatholi igazi elanele.

Ukwelashwa okuhleliwe

Udokotela wakho wamehlo kanye nodokotela wakho wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko (PCP) bazosebenzisana ukuthola imbangela ye-RVO yakho futhi banciphise ingozi yezinkinga zakho zesikhathi esizayo. Bazokwenza nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izinto ezibalulekile njengamazinga akho e-cholesterol kanye namazinga kashukela egazini .

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha `(RVO)`?

Okwamanje, ayikho indlela yokwelapha ngokuphelele noma yokuguqula ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retina. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bamehlo bangavimbela futhi belaphe imiphumela emibi yokuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retina. Benza okulandelayo:

• Imijovo ye-Anti-VEGF
• Imijovo ye-steroid
• Ukwelashwa nge-laser okubizwa ngokuthi i-Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Vitrectomy
• Imithi yokuphatha izinto eziyingozi

Izinhloso eziyinhloko zalezi zindlela zokwelapha yilezi:

• Kulungile ukuthuthukisa umbono wakho, noma ukuvimbela ukuthi ungabi mubi kakhulu.
• Thola futhi welaphe imiphumela emibi engalimaza umbono wakho kanye nempilo yamehlo.
• Ukulawula izici eziyingozi ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo.

Udokotela wakho uzohlanganisa ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka futhi akuchazele isikhathi sokwelashwa ngakunye.

Imijovo ye-Anti-VEGF

Lokhu ukwelashwa kokuqala kwabantu abane-macular edema. I-VEGF imele i-vascular endothelial growth factor. Lena yiprotheni esiza imithambo yegazi emisha ukukhula (i-angiogenesis). Kodwa uma i-VEGF iba phezulu kakhulu, ingabangela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi engavamile, evuzayo, okubangela ukuvuvukala. Imijovo ye-Anti-VEGF isebenza ngokumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-VEGF ngaphakathi kweso nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Udokotela wakho uzovala amehlo akho bese efaka umuthi ku-vitreous humor, into efana ne-jelly esweni lakho. Kuye ngesimo sakho, kungadingeka ukuthi uthole le mijovo njalo ngezikhathi ezithile unyaka noma emibili. Imithi ethile engase ifakwe kule mijovo ifaka:

• `I-Aflibercept`
• `I-Bevacizumab`
• `Ranibizumab`

Imijovo ye-steroid

Ukujova nge-steroid esweni nakho kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala. Kodwa-ke, ukujova nge-steroid kungandisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo futhi kubangele ama-cataract kwabanye abantu. Ngakho-ke, kusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kwesibili lapho ukujova nge-anti-VEGF kungasebenzi kahle.

I-Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)

Lokhu ukuhlinzwa nge-laser. Kuhilela ukwenza ukusha okuncane ezindaweni ze-retina yakho lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuphansi khona. Lokhu kunciphisa inani leprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-VEGF esiza imithambo yegazi emisha ukukhula. Ukunciphisa i-VEGF kusiza ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha (neovascularization) ngaleyo ndlela kopha ngaphakathi kweso. Kuphinde kusize ukugcina ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso (ingcindezi yangaphakathi kweso) izinzile.

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Vitrectomy

I-Posterior pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) iwukuhlinzwa okusiza abantu abane-retinal vein occlusion (RVO) abanezinkinga ezilandelayo:

• Uma kukhona ukopha okukhulu ngaphakathi kweso (ukuvuza okukhulu kwe-vitreous).
• Uma ukopha kuqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amane.
• Uma ukopha kuqhubeka nokubuya.
• Uma i-retina ihlukanisiwe, ibizwa ngokuthi `(i-retinal detachment)`.

Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuhilela ukususa into efana nejeli ngaphakathi kweso (i-vitreous humor) nokulungisa umonakalo ku-retina.

Imithi yokulawula izici eziyingozi

Abantu abaningi abane-retinal vein occlusion (RVO) banezimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, noma i-cholesterol ephezulu. Lezi zimo zandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola izinkinga zemithambo yegazi. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzosebenza nodokotela wakho oyinhloko (PCP) ukuhlela uhlelo lokwelashwa oluhambisana nezidingo zakho. I-PCP yakho ingakunikeza imithi yezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Yehlisa umfutho wegazi lakho.
• Lawula amazinga akho e-cholesterol.
• Uma kunezinye izinkinga, zixazulule.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuvimbela lesi simo `(RVO)`?

Ukwazi ukuthi usengozini yokuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal (RVO) yisinyathelo sokuqala sokukuvimbela. Khuluma nodokotela wakho wamehlo noma udokotela wamehlo mayelana nengozi yakho nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uyinciphise. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko (PCP) nganoma yiziphi izimo ezingaphansi ezingase zithinte ukugeleza kwegazi lakho. Bangancoma ukwelashwa ukusiza ukulawula lezo zimo nokusiza ukugcina amehlo akho nomzimba wakho wonke uphilile. Nazi ezinye izinto ezithile ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Landela ukudla okuhle empilweni yenhliziyo yakho kanye nemithambo yegazi .
• Yenza ukuvivinya umzimba kube yingxenye yesimiso sakho sansuku zonke.
• Gcina isisindo sakho siphilile .
• Gwema ukubhema kanye nayo yonke imikhiqizo kagwayi.

Uma nginalesi simo, yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Ukubikezela kwakho kuncike ezintweni eziningi. Isibonelo, indawo lapho kuvimbeke khona kanye nemiphumela emibi ebangelwa yikona. Abanye abantu bangase babe nomonakalo wokubona unomphela. Abanye bangase babe nombono othuthuka kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Udokotela wakho wamehlo ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela ngqo ukuthi yini ongayilindela ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho. Udokotela wakho angakudlulisela nasekuvuseleleni umbono , okukufundisa amasu okuphila nombono ophansi. Isibonelo, indlela yokusebenzisa izibuko zokukhulisa kanye nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha obusizayo. Ungathunyelwa futhi kusonhlalakahle ongakusiza ukuthi ubhekane nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Ukuphila nokuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal (RVO) kungaba yinto ekucindezelayo kancane. Ungase udinge lezi zinto:

• Nika imijovo yamehlo izikhathi eziningana.
• Uthola kangaki ukwelashwa nge-laser?
• Yiya njalo kuma-aphoyintimenti okulandelela.
• Uma ungakwazi ukushayela ngokuphepha ngenxa yesimo sakho noma ukwelashwa, kuyasiza ukuya emihlanganweni yezokwelapha.

Konke lokhu kungazwakala kungaphezu kwamandla futhi kungaphezu kwamandla. Khumbula, ithimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo lilapha ukuzokusiza. Khuluma nodokotela bakho ngalokho okuzwayo. Bangase bakwazi ukusikisela izinsiza ezingakusiza ufunde kabanzi ngesimo sakho nokuthi kungani wonke lo mzamo ubaluleke kangaka. Bangakuxhumanisa namaqembu okusekela noma izinsiza zomphakathi lapho ungakhuluma khona nabantu ababhekene nento efanayo nawe. Ukufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abantu nokwabelana ngokwakho kungakusiza ukuthi uphathe lokhu kalula.

Kufanele ngifune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokutshela ukuthi udinga ukuza kangaki ukuzohlolwa noma ukwelashwa. Khuluma naye uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha, uma izimpawu zakho zishintsha, noma uma unemibuzo mayelana nohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Uma unezimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-retinal, shayela u-911 noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Ungabuza udokotela wakho wamehlo imibuzo efana nale:

• Yini ebangela ukuvaleka kwemithambo yami ye-retinal?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
• Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kokwelashwa ngakunye?
• Hlobo luni lokulandelela engizodinga?
• Lesi simo sithinta kanjani umbono wami?
• Uyini umbono wami?

Kulula ukukhohlwa ukuthi imithambo yegazi ibaluleke kangakanani ekuboneni kwethu. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi sivame ukukhuluma kuphela ngemithambo yegazi exhumanisa inhliziyo yethu, ubuchopho, nezinye izitho ezibalulekile. Kodwa imithambo yegazi e-retina yakho mincane, kodwa ibaluleke ngendlela efanayo. Uma ivaleka, ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ekuboneni kwakho nasempilweni yamehlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaba uphawu oluyisixwayiso sokuthi kunezinkinga ngokugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wakho wonke ezidinga ukunakekelwa.

Ukunakekela impilo yamehlo akho ngeke nje kuvikele umbono wakho kuphela, kodwa futhi nempilo yakho iyonke. Bona udokotela wamehlo njalo ukuze uhlolwe amehlo. Mtshele nganoma yiziphi izinkinga zokubona noma izimpawu onazo. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabasiza ukuthi bathole izinkinga ezifana nokuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal (RVO) kusenesikhathi, kuvimbele izinkinga, futhi zelaphe ngokushesha.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho, kufanele uqonde ukuthi kuyini ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal (RVO), ukuthi kungabangela ini, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo zokukuvalela. Ungesabi, ungesabi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma unalezi zimpawu, kusho ukuthiUma ngokuzumayo ubona umbono ofiphele, umbono ofiphele, noma ama-floating drift, bheka udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha. Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kungasindisa umbono wakho. Futhi, uma unezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kubalulekile ukuzilawula kahle. Lokhu kunganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-RVO. Ukuphila impilo enempilo nokugwema ukubhema nakho kuhle emehlweni akho nasempilweni iyonke. Ngakho-ke, nakekela amehlo akho, ngoba ayimpahla yakho eyigugu kakhulu, ekuvumela ukuthi ubone umhlaba!