Uyazi kahle ukuthi siphefumula kanjani? Ake sixoxe ngohlelo lwakho lokuphefumula ngamazwi alula!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi siphefumula kanjani, sithola kanjani umoya-mpilo nokuthi sikhipha kanjani i-carbon dioxide? Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yesimiso esimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Leso yisimiso sokuphefumula, noma `(Uhlelo Lokuphefumula)`. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla ngendlela elula ongayiqonda, kulungile?

Ngakho-ke iyini le ndlela yokuphefumula?

Kalula nje, uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula luyiqoqo lezitho zomzimba nezakhiwo emzimbeni wakho ezikusiza ukuphefumula. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amaphaphu akho, ikhala, umlomo, kanye nezingxenye ezifana nepayipi ezizixhumanisayo, ezibizwa ngokuthi imigudu yomoya . Kukhona nemisipha nemithambo yegazi ezisiza uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula, kanye nekheji lakho lezimbambo, noma ikheji lezimbambo , elivikela konke lokhu. Zonke lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zithole umoya-mpilo lapho uphefumula futhi zikhiphe i-carbon dioxide lapho uphefumula.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yesistimu yokuphefumula?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wohlelo lwakho lokuphefumula ukuletha umoya-mpilo emaseli omzimba wakho nokususa i-carbon dioxide , umkhiqizo ongcolile. Lokhu ukwenza ngokuphefumula nokukhipha umoya, nangokushintshanisa amagesi phakathi kwamasaka amancane omoya emaphashini akho, abizwa ngokuthi ama-alveoli , kanye nemithambo yegazi ewathwalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula lwenza ezinye izinto eziningana ezibalulekile:

• Umoya owuphefumulayo uyafudumala futhi wengeze umswakama. Uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula lufudumala umoya ukuze uvumelane nokushisa komzimba wakho. Luphinde luwufumise ukuze luwulethe kumswakama umzimba wakho owudingayo.
• Uma uphefumula, uvikela umzimba wakho ezintweni eziyingozi ezingenayo. Ezinye izingxenye zesimiso sokuphefumula zingavimba amagciwane ayingozi nezinto ezicasulayo ukuthi zingangeni - noma ziwaxoshe uma engena.
• Kukusiza ukuthi ukhulume. Umsindo ukhiqizwa lapho umoya udlidliza izintambo zakho zezwi.
• Kukusiza ukuthi unuke. Uma uphefumula umoya, izinhlayiya ezikuwo zidlula emthanjeni wakho wephunga, bese uthumela imiyalezo ebuchosheni bakho mayelana nephunga lento ethile.
• Ilinganisela i-asidi yomzimba wakho. Lapho i-carbon dioxide ikhuphuka, i-pH yegazi lakho iyancipha, okwenza libe ne-asidi eningi. Ngokususa i-carbon dioxide, uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula lusiza ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-asidi-base yomzimba.

Yiziphi izingxenye zesistimu yokuphefumula?

Isitho esiyinhloko sohlelo lwakho lokuphefumula amaphaphu akho. Kodwa kunezingxenye eziningi ezahlukene zohlelo lokuphefumula ezisebenzisana ukukusiza uphefumule. Lezi zingxenye yilezi:

• Impumulo kanye nomgodi wekhala
• Umlomo kanye nomlomo
• Izimbobo/ama-sinuses `(ama-sinuses)`
• Umphimbo (i-pharynx)
• I-Larynx
• Umphimbo womoya (umphimbo womlomo)
• Izindlela zokuphefumula eziyinhloko `(i-bronchi)`
• Amaphaphu
• I-diaphragm

Iyini le ndlela yokuphefumula ephezulu?

Indlela yakho yokuphefumula ephezulu yiyo esiza ukuletha umoya emzimbeni wakho futhi uwuthumele emaphashini akho. Iphinde yengeze umswakama emoyeni owuphefumulayo. Indlela yakho yokuphefumula iqala ekhaleni lakho nasemlonyeni, lapho uphefumula khona umoya. Ezinye izingxenye zendlela yakho yokuphefumula ephezulu yikhala lakho, ama-sinuses, kanye ne-larynx.

Ngakho-ke iyini indlela yokuphefumula engezansi?

Indlela yakho yokuphefumula engezansi ihlanganisa umphimbo wakho womoya (i-trachea), i-bronchi yakho (izindlela zomoya), kanye namaphaphu akho. Umphimbo wakho womoya, izindlela zomoya eziyinhloko, kanye nezindlela zomoya ezincane (ama-bronchioles) zakha umuthi we-tracheobronchial . Lolu hlelo lwamapayipi, olubukeka njengomuthi obheke phansi, luthwala umoya usuka endaweni yokuphefumula ephezulu uye ezikhwameni zomoya ezincane emaphashini akho, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli.

Umgudu wakho wokuphefumula usebenza kanjani? Kuyamangalisa!

Amaseli omzimba wakho adinga umoya-mpilo ukuze akhiqize amandla. Uma la mandla ekhiqizwa, i-carbon dioxide ikhishwa njengomkhiqizo ongcolile. Uma le carbon dioxide inqwabelana ngokweqile emzimbeni, iyingozi emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko wohlelo lokuphefumula ukuhambisa umoya-mpilo emaphashini bese ukhipha i-carbon dioxide (ukushintshana kwegesi) . Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokubambisana nohlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi - okungukuthi, inhliziyo yakho, igazi, kanye nemithambo yegazi.

Cabanga ukuthi njalo uma uphefumula, umoya-mpilo osemoyeni ufana nezigidi zabagibeli bezindiza. Lezi zindiza zifika esikhumulweni sezindiza esibizwa ngamaphaphu akho. Lapho i-diaphragm yakho yehla, isikhala esifubeni sakho siyanda, futhi umoya (kanye nalaba bagibeli abancane be-oxygen) udonswa emaphashini akho. Lo moya ungena ngomlomo noma ekhaleni lakho, uhamba nge-trachea, i-bronchi, kanye ne-bronchioles, njengemigwaqo yezindiza esikhumulweni sezindiza. Bese laba bagibeli bafika emasangweni esikhumulo sezindiza, i-alveoli yakho.

Lapho, abagibeli be-oxygen badlula ezingxeni ezincane ezizungeze amaphaphu bangene emithanjeni yegazi emincane ebizwa ngokuthi ama-capillary. Cabanga ngakho njengetekisi elanda abagibeli be-oxygen esikhumulweni sezindiza. Ekugcineni, leli tekisi liya emaseli nasezicutshini zakho, lilahle umoya-mpilo ukuze libanike amandla.

Ungayisusa kanjani i-carbon dioxide?

Uma amangqamuzana esebenzisa amandla, enza i-carbon dioxide. Lapho nje umoya-mpilo uphuma ezicutshini zakho, izinhlayiya ze-carbon dioxide ziyangena. Ukusuka lapho, zihamba ngegazi lakho ziye kulezo zivalo zomoya emaphashini akho ezibizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli. Uma i-diaphragm yakho ibuyela phezulu, umgodi wesifuba uyawa, bese ucindezela umoya uphume ngendlela efanayo naleyo ongene ngayo, ziyandiza ziphume emaphashini akho. Uyabona?

Ingabe kukhona okunye ngaphandle kokuphefumula?

Yebo, njengoba uphefumula uphuma ungena, uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula luvikela umzimba wakho emoyeni owomile kanye nezinhlayiya ezingaba yingozi. Njengoba uphefumula, ama-sinuses akho asiza ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama womoya.

Njengoba umoya uhamba ngamakhala akho futhi wehla ngezindlela zakho zomoya, izakhiwo ezincane ezifana nezinwele (cilia) zibamba uthuli, amagciwane, nezinye izinto ezicasulayo, ziwavimbele ukungena emigudwini yakho yomoya nasemaphashini. Uma izinto ezinjalo ezicasulayo noma amagciwane zingena ngaphakathi, uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula luwabamba nge-mucus. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-cilia emigudwini yakho yomoya ihamba ngamagagasi, isunduza le mucus emzimbeni wakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula.

Yiziphi izifo ezingathinta uhlelo lwethu lokuphefumula?

Kunezimo eziningi ezingathinta izitho nezicubu ezakha uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula. Ezinye zalezi zibangelwa izinto ezicasulayo namagciwane owaphefumulayo - amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, kanye nesikhunta esibangela ukutheleleka. Ezinye zingabangelwa umonakalo noma izifo zofuzo.

Ezinye zezimo ezingathinta uhlelo lokuphefumula yilezi:

• I-allergic rhinitis: Ukungezwani nezinto ezifana ne-tree pollen, i-pet dander, kanye nothuli kungathinta imigudu yakho yomoya kanye nemigudu yamakhala.
• Izimo zomoya ezingapheli: Lokhu kufaka phakathi izifo ezifana ne-asthma, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (COPD), kanye ne-cystic fibrosis.
• Ukutheleleka kwepheshana lokuphefumula eliphezulu nelingaphansi: Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula, njenge-influenza noma umkhuhlane ovamile, kuvamile.
• Ukuvuvukala: Ukutheleleka kungabangela ukuthi imigudu yakho yomoya emikhulu ivuvuke (i-bronchitis), amaphaphu akho avuvuke (i-pneumonia), ama-sinuses akho avuvuke (i-sinusitis), noma ezinye izingxenye zesistimu yakho yokuphefumula zivuvuke.
• Isifo Samaphaphu Esingaphakathi (ILD): I-Pulmonary Fibrosis kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-ILD zingabangela izibazi ezihlala njalo emaphashini akho.
• Ukuvaleka: Lokhu kungaba yinto yangaphandle, iqhubu elingenabungozi, noma iqhubu elinomdlavuza.
• Ukungalingani kwe-asidi nesisekelo: Uma ukhipha umoya i-carbon dioxide eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu, ibhalansi ye-asidi nesisekelo egazini lakho iyashintsha, okuholela ku-alkalosis yokuphefumula kanye ne-acidosis yokuphefumula.
• Umoya-mpilo ophansi noma i-carbon dioxide ephezulu egazini noma ezicutshini: Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale njengezinkinga zegazi, izimo ezifana ne-hypoxemia, i-hypoxia, kanye ne-hypercapnia kungaba izimpawu zokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngohlelo lwakho lokuphefumula.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sokuphefumula?

Isimo esithinta uhlelo lokuphefumula singadala izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ubunzima noma ukushoda kokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea)
• Ukukhwehlela okumuncu noma okomile
• Impumulo egobhozayo noma impumulo evalekile
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina
• Ukuphefumula kuwumsindo wokukhala kwekhwela lapho uphefumula.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho okwesibhakabhaka (i-Cyanosis)

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa odokotela ukuxilonga izifo zokuphefumula?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene ukuhlola impilo yohlelo lwakho lokuphefumula. Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, ezinye zalezi zingase zihlanganise:

• I-pulse oximetry: Lokhu kuyindlela elula kakhulu, evamile yokuhlola. Ilinganisa izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho ngedivayisi encane ebekwa emunweni wakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Ukuhlolwa okuhlola ukusebenza kwamaphaphu.
• Ama-X-ray esifubeni
• Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi le-arterial
• Ngezinye izikhathi izivivinyo ezifana ne -CT scan noma i-bronchoscopy (ukuhlolwa okusebenzisa ikhamera ukubheka ngaphakathi kwemigudu yomoya) nazo zingenziwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezifo zokuphefumula?

Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika ekutheni yisiphi isifo sokuphefumula onaso nokuthi sibi kangakanani. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingafaka:

• Ama-corticosteroids noma ama-bronchodilator aphefumulayo: Uma unesifo esinciphisa indlela yakho yokuphefumula, njenge-asthma noma i-COPD, kungadingeka usebenzise i-inhaler njalo.
• Imithi yokulwa namagciwane, imithi elwa namagciwane, noma imithi elwa namagciwane yokwelapha izifo.
• Ama-antihistamine ( okwelapha ukungezwani komzimba)
• Izilungisi ze-Leukotriene
• Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu
• Ukuhlinzwa kwezimila noma ezinye izithiyo.
• Kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu , ukufakelwa amaphaphu kungenziwa.

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngigcine uhlelo lwami lokuphefumula luphilile?

Yenza lezi zinto ukuze ugcine uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula luphilile:

• Gwema ukubhema noma ukubhema i-vaping. Ukubhema kungabangela noma kubhebhethekise izifo eziningi zamaphaphu nezokuphefumula. Uketshezi lwe-vape luvame ukuqukethe izinto eziyingozi ezifanayo nogwayi.
• Gwema ukungcola okungalimaza imigudu yakho yomoya. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana nentuthu ekhishwa yinoma ubani, amakhemikhali, kanye ne-radon (igesi ekhipha imisebe engabangela umdlavuza). Uma umsebenzi wakho noma izinto ozithandayo zikuchaya entuthwini noma othulini, gqoka imaski.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi. Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kusiza ekunciphiseni ulwelwesi emaphashini akho futhi kwenze kube lula ukukhipha.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo.Ukuzivocavoca kuqinisa imisipha yamaphaphu akho, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula.
• Vimbela izifo. Ungavimbela ukugula ngokugeza izandla zakho njalo nokuthola imijovo yokulwa nezifo zokuphefumula.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma okubi kakhulu, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ezinye izimpawu zesifo sokuphefumula, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Futhi, thola ukuhlolwa njalo. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezinkinga zokuphefumula kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthi zingabi zimbi kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule?

Phefumula... Phefumula... Ukuphefumula kwakho kungakusiza ukuthi uphumule futhi kukugcine ugxile. Kungakusiza ukuthi unuke, unambithe, futhi uhlabelele ingoma oyithandayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula luthatha umoya-mpilo ukuze lunikeze amandla amangqamuzana akho futhi lukhiphe i-carbon dioxide. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngohlelo lwakho lokuphefumula, ungase ukhwehlele, uphefumule, noma uphelelwe umoya. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu ezikhathazayo, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangakusiza ukuthi uphefumule kalula.

` Uhlelo lokuphefumula, ukuphefumula, amaphaphu, umoya-mpilo, i-carbon dioxide, izifo zokuphefumula, ukuphefumula okunempilo