Ake sifunde ngohlaka lwamathambo olubaluleke kakhulu phakathi komzimba wethu: uhlaka lwamathambo oluyindilinga.

Uyazi ukuthi mangaki amathambo esinawo emizimbeni yethu? Umuntu omdala ojwayelekile unamathambo angaba ngu-206. Lawa mathambo ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Elinye liyisistimu yakho yamathambo ehambisanayo, kanti elinye liyisistimu yakho yamathambo e-axial. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalolu hlelo lwamathambo e-axial. Kalula nje, lena yingxenye yomzimba wethu ephakathi nendawo, njengesiqu.

Iyini i-axial skeleton?

I-axial skeleton uhlelo lwamathambo ahlelwe eceleni kwe-axis eqondile yomzimba wakho, okungukuthi, phansi ngqo phakathi. Cabanga ngayo njengesiqu somuthi, yakha uhlaka oluyisisekelo, umongo ophakathi womzimba wethu. Igama elithi "axial" livela egameni elithi "axis," elisho "axis" noma "umugqa ophakathi." Ngakho la mathambo atholakala eceleni komongo ophakathi womzimba wethu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo ze-axial kanye nezesekeli zamathambo?

Manje unombuzo, uyini umehluko phakathi kwethambo le-axial kanye nethambo le-appendicular? Kulula kakhulu. Ithambo le-axial ngamathambo asekhanda lakho, entanyeni, emhlane, nasesifubeni . Wonke amanye amathambo, okungukuthi, amathambo anamathele kuthambo le-axial, angaphansi kwethambo le-appendicular . Isibonelo, amahlombe akho, izinqe, izingalo, iminwe, imilenze, nezinzwane konke kungaphansi kwethambo le-appendicular. Kalula nje, ithambo le-axial liphakathi, kanti ithambo le-appendicular linamathele kulo futhi lisakazeka njengamagatsha.

Uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko wohlaka lwe-axial?

Ngakho-ke uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko walesi simiso samathambo esijikelezayo? Cabanga ngaso njengesisekeli esiyinhloko emzimbeni wethu.

Lesi sakhiwo samathambo esiqondile sivikela ubuchopho bakho, umgogodla, kanye nezitho ezibalulekile emzimbeni wakho, sizinikeza isivikelo esifana nomcamelo.

Futhi, imisipha enyakazisa ikhanda lakho, intamo, kanye nomzimba wakho ixhunywe kulesi simiso samathambo esifanayo. Imisipha ekusiza ukuphefumula kanye nemisipha esiza ukugcina ezinye izingxenye zesimiso samathambo esisekelayo zizinzile nazo zixhunywe kulokhu. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu akulona nje amathambo ambalwa, kodwa uhlelo olwenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu.

Mangaki amathambo akhona ohlelweni lwamathambo oluyindilinga?

Uyazi ukuthi mangaki amathambo asesikhwameni se-axial? Kunamathambo angu-80, uma sikhuluma iqiniso. Leli inani elibalulekile kumathambo angu-206 asesikhwameni sethu sonke.

Yiziphi izingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zesistimu yamathambo e-axial?

Uhlaka lwe-axial luqukethe izingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini nokuthi ingxenye ngayinye ibaluleke kangakanani emzimbeni wethu.

1. Ugebhezi

Ukhakhayi lwakho lwakhiwe izingxenye ezimbili: amathambo ekhanda ayisishiyagalombili namathambo obuso ayishumi nane.

• Amathambo Ekhanda: Lawa yiwo akha ingxenye ephezulu nengemuva lekhanda lakho, futhi asekela futhi avikele ubuchopho bakho .Zihlanganisa amathambo amabili e-parietal (kwesobunxele nakwesokudla), amathambo amabili esikhashana (kwesobunxele nakwesokudla), ithambo langaphambili (elakha ibunzi), ithambo le-occipital (ngemuva kwekhanda), ithambo le-ethmoid, kanye nethambo le-sphenoid.
• Amathambo Obuso: Lawa amathambo akha ubuso bakho futhi asebenza njengeminyango emzimbeni wakho (isibonelo, ikhala lakho nomlomo). Lawa ahlanganisa amathambo amabili e-maxilla (umhlathi ongaphezulu), amathambo amabili e-zygomatic (amathambo esihlathi), ithambo le-mandible (umhlathi ongezansi, okuwukuphela kwethambo lekhanda elihambayo uma ukhuluma noma udla), amathambo amabili empumulo, amathambo amabili e-palatine (akha uphahla lomlomo wakho), amathambo amabili e-concha ekhaleni, amathambo amabili e-lacrimal (axhumanisa izindlala zezinyembezi), kanye nethambo lokuhlanza (elihlukanisa umgodi wempumulo) .

2. Ama-Ossicle Okuzwa

Okulandelayo yindlebe. Ama-ossicle okuzwa endlebeni yakho ephakathi yiwona mathambo amancane kakhulu emzimbeni wakho. La mathambo amathathu amancane anesibopho sokudlulisa ukudlidliza kusuka endlebeni kuya endlebeni engaphakathi. Asebenza njengebhuloho elincane.

• Kunamathambo amathathu endlebeni ngayinye: i-Malleus (esime njengesando), i-Incus (esime njenge-anvil), kanye ne-Stapes (esime njengentambo).
• Ngakho-ke kunamathambo amancane ayisithupha afana nalawa endlebeni ngayinye. Ngaphandle kwawo, ukuzwa kwethu bekuyoba kubi kakhulu.

3. Ithambo le-Hyoid entanyeni

Ithambo le-hyoid litholakala entanyeni. Liyithambo elimise okwesicathulo sehhashi elitholakala ngaphambili entanyeni. Okukhethekile ukuthi leli thambo alixhumene ngqo nanoma yiliphi elinye ithambo. Libanjwe yimisipha nemisipha phakathi kwethambo lomhlathi wakho nendlala yakho yegilo. Ithambo le-hyoid likusiza ukuthi uphefumule, ukhulume, futhi ugwinye . Liphinde liqukethe imisipha ekusiza ukuthi ushukumise ulimi lwakho.

4. Ikholomu Yomgogodla

Okulandelayo umgogodla wethu, noma ikholomu yomgogodla. Lena yisisekelo esiyinhloko somzimba wethu. Inama -vertebrae angu-24 , kanye ne -sacrum yakho kanye ne-coccyx . Le kholamu yomgogodla isuka esisekelweni sekhanda lakho iye ethangeni lakho. Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko:

• I-Seven Cervical Vertebrae: Yilezi ezakha intamo yakho futhi zisekele ikhanda lakho. Zikusiza ukuthi uphendule ikhanda lakho phezulu, phansi, nangaseceleni.
• I-Terbrae Eyishumi Nambili Yesifuba: Lezi yizikhonkwane ezingemuva kwekheji lakho lezimbambo (izimbambo). Izimbambo zinamathela kulezi.
• Imisipha Yomgogodla Emihlanu Yesinqe: Lezi yizo ezithwala isisindo esikhulu emzimbeni wakho. Imisipha yangemuva nayo iyabandakanyeka. Idlala indima enkulu lapho sigoba futhi siphakamisa izinsimbi.
• I-Sacrum: Leli yithambo elingunxantathu elakhiwe ngamathambo amahlanu ahlangana ndawonye. Lakha udonga lwangemuva lwe-pelvis yakho.
• I-Coccyx: Lokhu kutholakala endaweni ephansi kakhulu yomgogodla. Kuyithambo elincane elakhiwe ukuhlangana kwamathambo amathathu kuya kwamahlanu. Imisipha eminingi yomzimba inamathele kulo.

Umgogodla wethu, umzila oyinhloko wezinzwa ovela ebuchosheni, udlula emgogodleni. Ngakho-ke umgogodla nawo uyawuvikela.

5. Ikheji Lesifuba/Izimbambo

Okokugcina, udonga lwesifuba, noma ikheji lesifuba. Yilokhu okuvikela izitho zakho ezibalulekile njengenhliziyo namaphaphu akho. Kufana nekheji lokuphepha. Liphinde liqukethe imisipha ehilelekile ekuphefumuleni nasekunyakaziseni izingalo zakho. Amathambo odongeni lwesifuba yilawa:

• I-Sternum: Leli yithambo elide, eliyisicaba eliwela phansi maphakathi nesifuba. Izimbambo eziningi zinamathela kulo ngaphambili.
• Izimbambo ezingu-24: Wonke umuntu uvame ukuba nezimbambo ezingu-12. Lezi zixhuma kumathambo esifuba ngemuva (ikakhulukazi) ne-sternum ngaphambili, zakha ikheji lezimbambo.

Yiziphi izifo ezingathinta uhlaka lwe-axial?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izifo ezingathinta lesi simiso samathambo esijikelezayo. Ezinye zazo zenzeka ngezinguquko emzimbeni njengoba siguga. Ezinye zingabangelwa izifo noma izingozi. Nazi ezinye zezimo:

• I-Ankylosing Spondylitis: Lolu uhlobo lwe-arthritis. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lubangela ukuvuvukala komgogodla kanye nobuhlungu bomhlane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amathambo angahlangana, okwenza kube nzima ukugoba umgogodla.
• I-Axial Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia: Lokhu kuyisifo sofuzo sokukhula kwamathambo esingabangela ukwehla kobude (ubude).
• I-Fibrous Dysplasia: Kulesi simo, ithambo eliphilile lithathelwa indawo yizicubu ezifana nethambo, ezingabangela ukuba amathambo aphuke kalula.
• Ukuphuka kwamathambo: Ubuningi bamathambo buyancipha njengoba siguga. Amathambo anobukhulu obuphansi angaphuka kalula. Ngisho nento efana nokuwa ingabangela ukuba ithambo liphuke.
• I-Melorheostosis: Lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu lapho izingqimba zangaphandle zamathambo ziqina noma zivuleka.
• I-Osteoporosis: Lesi yisifo esaziwayo futhi. Uma ungatholi i-calcium eyanele noma untula i-vitamin D, amathambo akho angaba buthakathaka futhi aphuke kalula.
• Isifo sikaPaget sethambo: Lesi yisifo lapho amathambo ekhula khona futhi eba buthakathaka kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu bamathambo, isifo samathambo kanye nokukhubazeka kwamathambo.

Uma kwenzeka izimo ezinjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Sigcina kanjani lesi simiso samathambo esijikelezayo siphilile?

Ngakho-ke singawugcina kanjani lo mzimba oyigugu we-axial uphilile? Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze ugcine amathambo akho eqinile futhi enempilo:

• Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca kwe-cardio njengokuhamba nokugijima kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwamandla njengokuphakamisa izinsimbi zombili kusiza ukuqinisa amathambo akho. Ukuzivocavoca okuthwala izinsimbi ikakhulukazi kuhle kakhulu ekuqineni kwamathambo.
• Lala ngokwanele: Lala okungenani amahora ayisikhombisa ebusuku. Yilapho amathambo akho eba nesikhathi sokululama nokulungisa.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo: Isisindo somzimba esiningi singabeka ingcindezi engadingekile emathanjeni, ikakhulukazi umgogodla.
• Thola i-calcium eyanele kanye ne-vitamin D: Faka ubisi, i-yogurt, ushizi, imifino eluhlaza (isipinashi, i-kale), izinhlanzi ezincane (njengezinhlayiya ezinamagobolondo azo), kanye nama-alimondi ekudleni kwakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqiniseni amathambo. Kuhle futhi ukuthola i-vitamin D elangeni lasekuseni.
• Ungabhemi: Ukubhema kunciphisa ukuphakelwa kwegazi emathanjeni. Ukuphakelwa kwegazi okuhle kubalulekile emathanjeni anempilo. Ukubhema kunciphisa nokuqina kwamathambo.
• Nciphisa utshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile nakho kuyingozi empilweni yamathambo.
• Thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha: Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, ikakhulukazi uma ungowesifazane, buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni izimo ezifana ne-osteoporosis kusenesikhathi.

Ekugcineni, khumbula lokhu.

Ngakho-ke, uhlaka lwe-axial esikhulume ngalo namuhla luyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu, oluqukethe amathambo angu-80 enkabeni ephakathi. Lawa mathambo, atholakala ekhanda, entanyeni, emhlane nasesifubeni, avikela futhi avikele ubuchopho bethu, umgogodla, kanye nezitho zangaphakathi.

Njengoba izifo ezahlukahlukene zingathinta lesi simiso samathambo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusigcina siphilile futhi siqinile. Khumbula, ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, unganciphisa umonakalo obangelwa izifo nezingozi. Uma uzinakekela kahle, amathambo akho nawo azokunakekela kahle! Ngakho zama ukuhlala uphilile ngokudla okulinganiselayo, ukuzivocavoca okwanele, nokuphumula okuhle.

` I-Axial Skeleton, Amathambo, Ugebhezi, Umgogodla, I-Rib Cage, Impilo Yamathambo, Umgogodla