Ake sifunde ngesihlungi esincane esisezinso zakho: i-Bowman's Capsule.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi zingaki izingxenye ezincane zemizimba yethu ezenza umsebenzi omuhle? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye ebaluleke ngokulinganayo, kodwa mhlawumbe engakaze izwakale, yezinso zethu. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Bowman's Capsule. Ake sibheke ukuthi leli qhawe elincane linjani nokuthi lenzani.

Iyini i-Bowman's Capsule?

Kalula nje, i-capsule kaBowman iyingxenye ye-nephron enso lakho. Kulungile, pho iyini i-nephron? I-nephron iyiyunithi yokuhlunga enso lakho. Kufana nezihlungi ezincane e-filter yethu yamanzi ekhaya. Cabanga nje, kune-nephron engaba yisigidi enso elilodwa! Lokho kuyizigidi ezimbili ezinso zombili! Akumangalisi lokho? I-nephron ngayinye inengxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-glomerulus. Yilapho umsebenzi wokuhlunga imfucuza egazini lakho uqala khona. I-glomerulus iyibhola elincane kakhulu, elincane lemithambo yegazi. Ingxenye ezungeze i-glomerulus, ingxenye eyimbozayo, ibizwa ngokuthi i-capsule kaBowman . Kufana nesembozo esivikelayo se-glomerulus. Isikhala esingenalutho phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili zale capsule sibizwa ngokuthi isikhala sikaBowman . Le capsule kaBowman nayo ibizwa kanjalo. Isibonelo, wake wezwa ngamagama afana ne-glomerular capsule kanye ne-Malpighian capsule? Yilokho abizwa ngakho futhi. Futhi, isikhala sikaBowman sibizwa nangokuthi isikhala se-glomerular capsule.

Uyini umsebenzi we-Bowman's Capsule?

I-capsule kaBowman kanye ne-glomerulus ndawonye kwakha i-corpuscle yezinso. Zonke lezi ziyizingxenye zezinso. Uyazi ukuthi izinso zisebenzela kangakanani imizimba yethu. Zilawula i-pH yegazi lethu, zilawula umfutho wegazi, futhi zigcine ibhalansi ye-electrolyte emzimbeni. Futhi, njengengxenye yesistimu yomchamo, izinso zinesibopho sokususa imfucuza emzimbeni ngomchamo. Ngakho-ke, lokho okwenziwa yi-capsule kaBowman ukusiza i-glomerulus ukuhlunga igazi. Ama-molecule amancane egazini angena esikhaleni sikaBowman ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, uma nje isihlungi sezinso sisebenza kahle, izinto ezifana namaseli namaprotheni amakhulu zihlala egazini futhi aziphumi. Lezi zinhlayiya ezincane bese zihamba ngamapayipi amancane ezinso. Lapho, izinso zinquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlayiya okufanele ziphinde zimunce egazini nokuthi yiziphi okufanele zikhiphe emchameni. Indlela emangalisayo impela, akunjalo?

Ikuphi i-Bowman's Capsule?

I-capsule kaBowman itholakala ku-renal cortex, ungqimba lwangaphandle lwezinso zakho. Izinso zitholakala ngaphansi kwe-rib cage yakho, ngemuva kwesisu sakho. Ngokuvamile kunezinso ezimbili, eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye lomgogodla wakho. Zitholakala phakathi kwamathumbu akho kanye ne-diaphragm. Izinso ngayinye ixhunywe esinyeni ngepayipi elibizwa ngokuthi i-ureter.

Ibukeka kanjani i-Bowman's Capsule?

I-capsule kaBowman empeleni ayibonakali emehlweni. Udinga i-microscope ukuze uyibone. Incane kangako. Uma uchaza ukuma kwayo, ifana nesikhwama noma indebe. Le capsule yenziwe ngezingqimba ezimbili. 1. Ingqimba yangaphandle: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ungqimba lwe-parietal. Lokhu kwenziwa uhlobo lwezicubu olubizwa ngokuthi i-simple squamous epithelium. 2. Ingqimba yangaphakathi: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ungqimba lwe-visceral. Lokhu kwenziwa ngamaseli akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-podocytes. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi la ma-podocytes anezandiso ezifana neminwe (ama-pedicle). Lezi zandiso zixhunywe njengesandla (ukuhlukanisa). Ngenxa yokuthi zixhunywe kanje, ezinye izinto zingadlula kuzo, kodwa ezinye izinto azikwazi. Uma uphilile, amaprotheni namaseli awakwazi ukudlula kulezi.

Lena yindlela igazi elihlanzwa ngayo bese libuyiselwa emzimbeni, bese imfucuza ikhishwa emzimbeni njengomchamo ngamapayipi amancane (ama-tubules). Umfutho wegazi ku-glomerulus (umfutho wegazi we-glomerular hydrostatic) uyasiza kulokhu. Njengoba uketshezi lususwa, amanzi nezakhamzimba ziphinde zimuncwe emzimbeni.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezithinta i-Bowman's Capsule?

Izifo ezithinta izinso zakho nazo zithinta i-capsule kaBowman. Isengozini enkulu yezifo ezithinta i-glomeruli ezungeze i-capsule kaBowman. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezifo ze-glomerular. Zingabangelwa yinoma yini kusukela ezintweni zemvelo kuya ezintweni zofuzo.

• I-Glomerulonephritis: Lokhu ukuvuvukala , noma ukuvuvukala, kwe-glomeruli. Kungabangelwa izifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba , izifo zofuzo , noma izifo.
• I-Glomerulosclerosis: Yilapho i-glomeruli iqina khona bese iba nezibazi.

Uma lezi zifo zingelashwa kahle, zingagcina ziholele ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.Imbangela eyinhloko yesifo se-glomerular kanye nokwehluleka kwezinso yisifo sezinso esibangelwa isifo sikashukela, esaziwa ngokuthi i-diabetic nephropathy .

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezifo ezithinta i-Bowman's Capsule?

Izimpawu zezifo ze-glomerular zingafaka:

• Iphrotheni eningi kakhulu emchameni wakho (i-proteinuria) . Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umchamo wakho ube namagwebu.
• Igazi emchameni (hematuria) . Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umchamo ubonakale upinki noma unombala we-cola.
• Amazinga aphansi amaprotheni egazini (i-hypoproteinemia) .
• Ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) kwezingxenye zomzimba njengezandla nezinyawo, noma ukuvuvukala okuzungeze amehlo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezivamile ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo ye-Bowman's Capsule?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana ukuze balinganise ukusebenza kwezinso futhi bathole izinkinga zezinso. Udokotela wakho angase ancome izivivinyo ezinjengalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi : Lokhu kungahlola ukuthi ama-glomeruli akho ahlunga kahle kangakanani igazi.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Lokhu kungalinganisa izinto ezifana neprotheni negazi emchameni.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njenge-ultrasound: Lokhu kuvumela odokotela ukuthi bahlole usayizi nesimo sezinso zakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso : Lokhu kuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi izinso zisebenza kahle kangakanani.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinso: Kulokhu, udokotela uthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu ezinso bese eyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izimo ezithinta i-Bowman's Capsule?

Akukho ukwelashwa "okufanelana nakho konke" kwesifo sezinso. Ukwelashwa okutholayo kuzoncika esimweni onaso kanye nobunzima baso. Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezithinta i-capsule kaBowman kungafaka:

• Ukudla okungenasawoti omningi (Ukudla okune- sodium eningi).
• Imithi efana nama-antibiotic , imithi yomfutho wegazi, imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba, kanye nama-steroid .
• I-Dialysis .
• Ukufakelwa kwezinso .

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngigcine i-Bowman's Capsule yami iphilile?

Ukugcina izinso zakho ziphilile kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina i-capsule yakho ye-Bowman iphilile. Kubalulekile ukuqapha impilo yezinso zakho nokuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nokuhlolwa komchamo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma une-high blood pressure, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, kanye/noma isifo sikashukela. Unganciphisa ingozi yakho yezinkinga zezinso ngokuthi:

• Ukugwema noma ukuyeka ukubhema.
• Ukunciphisa inani likasawoti owudlayo.
• Ukwandisa ukuvivinya umzimba kwakho kwansuku zonke kungasiza ekunciphiseni umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi engeyona i-steroidal elwa nokuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) . Ukuthatha kakhulu kwalokhu kungalimaza izinso.
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Hlala uqaphile amazinga akho omfutho wegazi.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, qaphela amazinga kashukela egazini lakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela uma ngikhathazekile nge-Bowman's Capsule noma isifo sezinso?

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngezinso zakho, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Izinguquko emchameni wakho: umchamo onegazi, umchamo omnyama, umchamo onamafu noma onegwebu.
• Izinguquko ezikhathini zokuchama.
• Ukukhathala/ ukukhathala okukhulu.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension) .
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla noma ukunambitheka kwensimbi ekudleni.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamaqakala noma izandla.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimo, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso okuvamile noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi:

• Umlando womndeni wesifo sezinso.
• Isifo sikashukela .
• Isifo senhliziyo .
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile .
• Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemithi ethile, isibonelo, imithi yomfutho wegazi.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Izinso zakho zenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emzimbeni wakho. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina umfutho wegazi lakho kanye namazinga kashukela egazini lakho kulawulwa futhi uhlale uphilile. Uma ucabanga ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngohlelo lwakho lomchamo, kungaba ukutheleleka noma ushintsho emikhubeni yakho yokuchama, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Bazokuthola ikhambi elingcono kakhulu kuwe. Khumbula, lezi zingxenyana ezincane zomzimba wethu yizo ezisigcina siphilile. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wethu wemfanelo ukuzinakekela.

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Izinso, i-Bowman's capsule, i-nephron, i-glomerulus, isifo sezinso, uhlelo lomchamo, impilo