Iyini le sheath ye-myelin ezungeze amangqamuzana ethu ezinzwa? Ake sixoxe ngayo ngokuningiliziwe!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi izithunywa ezincane ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, amangqamuzana ezinzwa, zisebenza ngokushesha futhi zihlakaniphe kangakanani? Eqinisweni, wonke umzimba wethu, kusukela endleleni esicabanga ngayo kuya endleleni esinyakazisa ngayo izingalo nemilenze yethu, ulawulwa yilesi simiso sezinzwa. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngento ebaluleke kakhulu esiza lawa maseli ezinzwa ukuthi asebenze kahle. Leyo yi -Myelin Sheath .

Iyini i-Myelin Sheath? Ake sikuqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-myelin sheath iyisivikelo esivikelayo esizungeza iseli ngalinye lezinzwa zethu (esilibiza nangokuthi `(Neuron)`). Lifana negilavu ​​​​elincane. Lenziwe ngamafutha (okungukuthi `(Lipids)`) namaprotheni. Lesi sivikelo simboza ingxenye eyinhloko "yesiqu" seseli lezinzwa, ebizwa ngokuthi i-axon . Cabanga ngayo njengentambo kagesi emakhaya ethu. Inesivikelo sepulasitiki esizungeza izintambo zethusi. Yileyo ndlela lesi sivikelo se-myelin esivikela ngayo amaseli ezinzwa futhi siwasize asebenze kahle.

Yiziphi izingxenye ze-neuron? Kufana nomuthi!

Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe kabanzi nge-myelin sheath, ake siqonde ukuthi iyini iseli lemizwa nokuthi izingxenye zalo ziyini. Amaseli emizwa akha uhlelo lwethu lwemizwa . Lolu hlelo lwemizwa lufana nesikhungo esikhulu sokushintshana kolwazi emzimbeni wethu. Luthola ulwazi oluvela kuwo wonke umzimba, luphendule kulo, futhi luvumelane nalokho okwenzekayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba. Uma sicabanga ngeseli lemizwa, lunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Cabanga ukuthi iseli lemizwa lifana nesihlahla : 1. I-Soma noma Umzimba Weseli: Lokhu kufana nohlelo lwempande yesihlahla. Ama-dendrite , afana nezimpande ze-soma, amunca "izakhamzimba" enhlabathini. Kodwa lapha, "izakhamzimba" yimiyalezo yamakhemikhali evela kwamanye amaseli emizwa aseduze. Le miyalezo ibe isiguqulwa ibe yiziphazamiso zikagesi. I-nucleus yeseli nayo ingaphakathi kwale soma. 2. I-Axon: Lokhu kufana nesiqu eside sesihlahla. Njengoba nje izakhamzimba ezimuncwa ezimpandeni zesihlahla zikhuphuka esiqwini, i-axon nayo ithwala iziphazamiso zikagesi ezivela ku-soma eduze kwayo. 3. I-Axon Terminal: Lokhu kufana namahlumela asekugcineni kwamagatsha esihlahla. Amaqabunga nempova kuphuma kula mahlumela. Ngale ndlela, ama-electrical impulses "akhishwa" kulesi siphelo se-axon ukuze akwazi ukuthathwa yiseli lemizwa elilandelayo. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho umyalezo ufika ebuchosheni bakho, emgogodleni , noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Umphumela uba izinto ezifana nemisipha efinyela ukuze inyakazise ingalo yakho, ikusize uphefumule, noma yenze inhliziyo yakho ishaye. Manje ungase ube nomqondo omncane ngesakhiwo esiyisisekelo seseli lemizwa.

Kwenzekani kuMyelin Sheath?

I-myelin sheath inemisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko:

• Ukunikeza isivikelo: Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, lesi simbozo se-lipid-protein sinikeza isivikelo sokuvikela iseli lezinzwa , njengesikhwama sepulasitiki esizungeze izintambo zekhebula likagesi.
• Ukuxhumana okusheshayo: Yingakho ama-electrical impulses ehamba esuka kwelinye iseli lemizwa aye kwelinye ngokushesha nangokuphumelelayo . Ngaphandle kwe-myelin, lolu hambo beluzohamba kancane kakhulu.
• Ukulondoloza amandla omfutho: Lesi sigxobo se-myelin sisiza ukugcina amandla omyalezo njengoba uhamba nge-axon.

I-Myelin yenziwa ngamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-oligodendrocyte ebuchosheni bethu kanye nasentanjeni yomgogodla (esiyibiza ngokuthi i-Central Nervous System (CNS) . Ngokufanayo, i-myelin yenziwa ngamaseli e-Schwann ku- Peripheral Nervous System yethu (inethiwekhi yezinzwa ngaphandle kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, esakazeka emzimbeni wonke). Lezi zinzwa ezingaphandle yizo ezidlulisela imiyalezo phakathi kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi kanye nomzimba wonke.

Zibizwa ngokuthini izikhala eziku-myelin sheath?

Ungacabangi nge-sheath ye-myelin njengesimbozo esiqhubekayo nesibanzi. Cha, kufana nochungechunge olude lwamabhokisi. Lapho ibhokisi elilodwa liphela khona bese kuqala ibhokisi elilandelayo, kukhona isikhala esincane. Ngokufanayo, i-sheath ye-myelin yakhiwe uchungechunge lwezintambo ze-myelin ezihlukaniswe komunye nomunye. Izintambo ze-myelin ngayinye ibizwa ngokuthi i-internode . Lezi zikhala ezincane phakathi kwezintambo ezimbili ze-myelin zibizwa ngokuthi ama-node e-Ranvier . Lawa ma-node e-Ranvier aqukethe inani elikhulu lama-ion e-sodium amahle. Lapho isignali kagesi, noma i-impulse, ihamba nge-axon, igxuma isuka kwelinye i-node le-Ranvier iye kwelinye. Uma idlula leli sikhala, ama-ion e-sodium agcwalisa isignali kagesi. Khona-ke isignali ingaqhubeka nokuhamba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukushaja kwayo noma ukulahlekelwa amandla ayo. Kuyindlela emangalisayo kakhulu, akunjalo?

Kwenzekani uma i-sheath ye-myelin yonakele?

Kuthiwa kunamangqamuzana ezinzwa angaba yizigidigidi eziyi-100 emzimbeni wethu. Ngayinye yalawa isebenza njalo, ithumela futhi yamukela imiyalezo, ilawula yonke imisebenzi emzimbeni wethu. Cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma i-myelin sheath ezungeze lawa maseli ezinzwa yonakele. Khona-ke ijubane lesignali kagesi belingancipha, noma lingayeka ngokuphelele. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokulimala kwe-myelin uhlelo lokuzivikela emzimbeni wethu.Amaseli acabanga ngephutha ukuthi i-myelin yinto engaziwa evela ngaphandle. Ngemuva kwalokho amasosha omzimba wethu aqala ukuhlasela i-myelin. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi kukhiqizwe izinto ezivuvukalayo, ezilimaza i-myelin. Ekugcineni, amaseli enza i-myelin (ama-oligodendrocyte namaseli eSchwann) nawo ayafa. Lokhu kubhujiswa kwe-myelin sheath kubizwa ngokuthi i-demyelination . Kuye ngokuthi i-myelin ihlaselwa kuphi, izimpawu zakho zizohluka.

Yiziphi izifo ezilimaza i-myelin?

Kunezifo eziningana ezilimaza i-myelin. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngezinye zalezi zifo.

Izifo ezithinta i-myelin ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi (i-CNS):

Isifo esivame kakhulu abantu abaningi abake bezwa ngaso, esihlasela i-myelin yesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko (okungukuthi, ubuchopho nomgogodla), yi- multiple sclerosis . Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izifo eziningana ezithinta i-myelin yesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko:

• I-Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Lokhu kuyimpendulo yokuzivikela yomzimba engavamile, ebukhali, nenamandla eyenzeka ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi.
• I-Schilder's Sclerosis: Eyaziwa nangokuthi `(i-Diffuse Myelinoclastic Sclerosis)`, lesi yisifo esingavamile sokuwohloka kwemizwa esenzeka ezinganeni.
• I-Transverse Myelitis: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba esibangela ukuvuvukala komgogodla.
• I-Neuromyelitis Optica: Kulokhu, amasosha omzimba ahlasela imizwa yeso kanye nomgogodla ngokusebenzisa ama-antibodies .
• I-Optic Neuritis : Lokhu kuhilela nokuvuvukala kwe-optic nerve.
• Ukususwa Kwe -Tumefactive: Lesi isilonda esisodwa esilimaza i-myelin esikhulu kune-2 cm.

Izifo ezithinta i-myelin ohlelweni lwezinzwa olungaphandle:

• I-Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Lezi zimpawu zingavela ngemva kokutheleleka noma, ngokungavamile kakhulu, ngemva kokugonywa.
• I-Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy ( CIDP ): Lesi yisifo esiqhubekayo sokuzivikela komzimba esihlasela i-myelin.
• I-Paraproteinemic Demyelinating Neuropathy: Lolu uhlobo lwe- neuropathy oluhlotshaniswa nokuba khona kwe-antibody ehlobene nomdlavuza.
• Isifo sezinyo sikaCharcot Marie uhlobo 1 kanye nohlobo X: Lesi yisifo sezinzwa esizuzwe njengefa.
• Ukuntuleka Kwethusi: Uma amazinga ethusi ephansi, i-myelin ilahlekelwa yizakhiwo zayo zokuvikela futhi isengozini enkulu yokulimala.

Yiziphi ezinye izimo ezingalimaza i-myelin?

Kunezinye izizathu ezenza ukuthi i-myelin sheath ingonakaliswe noma ibhujiswe kubantu abadala:

• Isifo sohlangothi
• Ukutheleleka, Izifo Zomzimba kanye Nezifo Zokushabalalisa Umzimba (`(Izinkinga Zokushabalalisa Umzimba)`)
• Izinhlobo zobuthi
• Ukuntuleka kweVithamini B12
• Eminye imithi, isibonelo `(Ethambutol)`
• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngokweqile

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezifweni eziningana ezingavamile kakhulu ezizuzwa njengefa, i-myelin sheath ayakheki kahle. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Tay-Sachs Disease , i-Gaucher Disease , i-Hurler Syndrome, kanye ne-Niemann-Pick Disease .

Cabanga ukuthi imisebenzi yomzimba wethu ibingaphazamiseka kangakanani ukube lezi zindlela ezisheshayo ezithwala imiyalezo emzimbeni wethu bezingavalwa, njengokubhajwa emotweni. Yingakho impilo ye-myelin sheath ibaluleke kangaka.

Ingabe umonakalo ku-myelin ungalungiswa?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Yebo, i-myelin eyonakele ingalungiswa , kokubili ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa oluhambisanayo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukulawula izici ezibangela ukuwohloka kwe-myelin, njengokuvuvukala, nokusebenzisa ukucindezelwa/ukuguqulwa kwamasosha omzimba (isibonelo , ama-steroids , i-intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) , kanye neminye imithi). Ososayensi benze intuthuko enkulu ekuqondeni izindlela ezingaba khona zokukhuthaza ukulungiswa kwe-myelin. Nakuba kunezifundo ezithile ezithembisayo, akukacaci ukuthi zizuze kangakanani ngempela iziguli. Okwamanje azikho izidakamizwa ezivunyelwe ukulungiswa kwe-myelin. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa ezivela ezifundweni:

• Isivivinyo esincane sezokwelapha seSigaba II sibonise ukuthi i-clemastine yomlomo ye -antihistamine inezakhiwo zokulungisa i-myelin. I-Clemastine ithuthukise ukudluliselwa kwezimpawu zikagesi ezigulini ezine-multiple sclerosis ezinomonakalo we-optic nerve. Esinye isivivinyo sokuqala sabantu sathola ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa komuthi wesifo sikashukela i-metformin ne-clemastine kwasiza ekuvuseleleni i-myelin.
• Amaseli EsiquNgokuvimba i-molecule kumaseli e-oligodendrocyte, enza i-myelin ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi (lezi "zizakhi zokwakha" zazo zonke izinhlobo zamaseli), amagundane anezimpawu ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis akwazi ukulungisa i-myelin yawo futhi alulame ngezinga elithile.
• Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka mayelana nekhono lamaseli okuqala okulungisa umonakalo we-myelin kanye nokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
• Eminye imithi ikhombisa ithemba ekuvikeleni uhlelo lwezinzwa ekulimaleni okuqhubekayo. Umuthi wokulwa nokuvuvukala i-ibudilast wehlise kakhulu izinga lokufa kwamangqamuzana obuchopho (i-atrophy) esivivinyweni seSigaba II. Umuthi wesifo sokuwa i-phenytoin uboniswe uphephile, wehlisa ukulimala kwe-myelin ngo-30% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo. I-antioxidant lipoic acid ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala okwengeziwe kwemicu yezinzwa.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ngakho-ke, usungabona manje ukuthi lesi sigxobo se-myelin sibaluleke kangakanani ekusebenzeni kahle kwesimiso sethu sezinzwa. I-Myelin ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwalezi zigidigidi zamaseli ezinzwa axhumana nazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu futhi alawula konke.

• I-Myelin iyisivikelo esenziwe ngamafutha namaprotheni azungeze amangqamuzana ezinzwa.
• Kuyasiza imizwa yezinzwa ukuthi ihambe ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.
• Ukulimala kwe-myelin kungaholela ezifweni ezinkulu njenge-multiple sclerosis.
• Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ngezindlela zokuphatha nokulungisa izifo ezibangela umonakalo we-myelin.

Izifo nezimo eziningi zingahlasela i-myelin. I-multiple sclerosis yiyona eyaziwa kakhulu kulezi. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abacwaningi bahlala befuna izindlela zokuvikela, ukulungisa, nokuvuselela i-myelin. Futhi benza intuthuko ethile ekwenzeni kanjalo. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ithemba!

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I-Myelin, i-myelin sheath, amaseli ezinzwa, ama-neurons, isimiso sezinzwa, isimiso sezinzwa esiphakathi, isimiso sezinzwa esingaphandle, ukususwa kwe-myelin, i-multiple sclerosis