Uyazi ngempela ngalezi 'poni' ezincane ezisebuchosheni bakho? Ake sixoxe ngakho!

Sonke sikhuluma ngezitho ezinkulu emizimbeni yethu, akunjalo? Njengenhliziyo, amaphaphu, nezinso. Kodwa wake wacabanga ukuthi izingxenye ezincane ezingaphakathi kobuchopho bethu zibaluleke kangakanani? Nokho, kukhona ingxenye encane kakhulu, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yobuchopho bethu ebizwa ngokuthi 'ama-pons.' Kalula nje, kufana nomuntu ohleli ngaphakathi kwamakhanda ethu futhi enza umsebenzi omningi omuhle ngokuthula.

Ngakho-ke, iyini le 'Pons'?

Kalula nje, ama-pons akho ayingxenye yesibili kuya phansi ye -brainstem yakho. Ukuze kube sobala, atholakala ngaphezu kwe-medulla oblongata yakho. Cabanga ngakho njengebhuloho phakathi kwe-cerebrum engenhla, i-medulla oblongata engezansi, kanye nomgogodla. Ama-pons ayindlela enkulu yokuhlangana kwezinzwa zethu eziningana ze-cranial . Izinzwa ze-cranial ziyinethiwekhi yezinzwa ezixhuma ngqo ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuxhumana kwezinzwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Kusiza ngemizwa eminingana ekhanda lakho, kanye nokunyakaza izingxenye ezahlukene zobuso bakho nomlomo.

Yini ngempela eyenziwa yi-Pons? Yimiphi imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko?

I-'Pons', njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, yingxenye ye-brainstem exhumanisa ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla. Ngakho-ke, i-'Pons' iyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa . Yiyona ehlinzeka ngendlela yezibonakaliso eziya nezibuya ebuchosheni. Ikakhulukazi, i-'Pons' iqukethe 'ama-neurotransmitter' amaningana asiza ngemisebenzi yobuchopho njengokulala.

Ake sibheke eminye yemisebenzi eyinhloko ye-Pons:

• Ilawula ukulala kwakho nokuvuka kwakho: Cabanga ngakho, ama-pons anomthelela omkhulu endleleni ozizwa uqabulekile ngayo uma uvuka ekuseni, nokuthi ulala kanjani ebusuku. Futhi yingxenye ebeka izinga lokuqapha lomzimba wakho uma uvuka.
• Iphatha izimpawu zobuhlungu: Ama-pons anesibopho sokudlulisa izimpawu zobuhlungu kusuka noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho ngaphansi kwentamo yakho ziye ebuchosheni bakho nokulawula lezo zimpawu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyasiza futhi ekunqumeni ukuthi hlobo luni lobuhlungu oluzwayo.
• Isebenza nezinye izingxenye zobuchopho: Ama-pons ayisixhumanisi esibalulekile kwenye ingxenye ebalulekile yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i -cerebellum , elawula ibhalansi nokunyakaza komzimba wakho. Isebenza futhi nezinye izingxenye zesiqu sobuchopho, elawula ukuphefumula kwakho.

Cabanga ngakho njengephoyisa lomgwaqo. Nguye lowoIthumela izimpawu emuva naphambili ebuchosheni , isheshise ezinye zazo, futhi ilawule ezinye zazo.

Kuhlobene kanjani nezinzwa ze-cranial?

Ama-Pons anezinhlanganiso ezibalulekile zezinzwa zakho ezine kweziyishumi nambili ze-cranial. Lezi zinzwa ze-cranial (sizozibala ngezinombolo zesiRoma) zixhuma kuma-Pons:

• I-Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V): Le nerve yiyo evumela ubuso bakho ukuthi buzwe ukuthintwa nobuhlungu. Iphinde ilawule imisipha oyisebenzisayo ukuhlafuna ukudla. Isibonelo, uma othile ethinta isihlathi sakho, uyasizwa, noma uma unesifo samazinyo, kungenxa yale nerve.
• I-Abducens nerve (CN VI): Lona umthambo olawula omunye wemisipha eshukumisa amehlo. Uma lo mthambo wonakele, ungawubona njengezinto ezimbili ezihlukene, esizibiza ngokuthi 'i-diplopia'.
• Inzwa yobuso (CN VII): Le nzwa ilawula iningi lokubukeka kobuso bakho. Yile nzwa esebenza uma umomotheka futhi ukhungathekile. Futhi yinzwa ekusiza ukuthi unambithe ngaphambili kolimi lwakho.
• I-Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII): Le nerve ihlukana ibe izingxenye ezimbili: i-vestibular nerve kanye ne-cochlear nerve.
• I-vestibular nerve yiyo ekunika umuzwa wokulinganisela. Ikusiza ukuthi uhlale uqonde lapho uhamba noma ugijima.
• I-cochlear nerve yiyo ekunika umuzwa wokuzwa . Kungenxa yale mizwa ukuthi ungazwa ingoma noma othile ekhuluma.

Ama-pons asisiza kanjani ezinye izitho zomzimba?

Ama-pons asiza ezinye izitho zomzimba ngokuphatha ulwazi lwezinzwa ebuchosheni, futhi alawula ngqo ezinye zezinqubo zomzimba wakho ezingazi lutho. Isibonelo, asiza ukulawula umjikelezo wakho wokulala nokuvuka kanye nokuphefumula. Ikhono lakho lokuzwa ubuhlungu lilawulwa futhi ama-pons. Lo muzwa wobuhlungu ukuvumela ukuthi uphendule ukuze ugweme noma unciphise ingozi.

Ikuphi le 'Pons'?

I-Pons ingenye yezakhiwo eziphansi kakhulu ebuchosheni bakho, eduze kwesisekelo sekhanda lakho. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, itholakala ngaphezu kwe-Medulla Oblongata. I-Medulla Oblongata bese ixhuma ku-Spinal Cord ngembobo esesisekelo sekhanda lakho.

Zibukeka kanjani 'ama-pons'? Zingakanani?

Ama-'Pons' avame ukuba nsundu noma amhlophe ngombala. Ngokuma kwawo, akhiwe njengesiqu esiphezulu sembali yeklabishi. Ngokuma kwawo:

• Ukuphakama: Cishe amasentimitha angu-1.06 (amamilimitha angu-27).
• Ububanzi: Cishe amasentimitha angu-1.49 (amamilimitha angu-38).
• Ukujula (ukujiya): Cishe amasentimitha angu-0.98 (amamilimitha angu-25).

Bheka ukuthi incane kangakanani! Kodwa umsebenzi ewenzayo mkhulu kakhulu.

Uyini umsuka we-'Pons'?

Njengazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zobuchopho bakho kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa, ama-pons akhiwe ngezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zamaseli nezakhiwo zesistimu yezinzwa. Inezingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-nuclei ( ubuningi be-nucleus). Ama-Nuclei amaqembu amaseli ezinzwa noma obuchopho enza umsebenzi ofanayo noma axhuma ezindaweni ezifanayo. La ma-nuclei akhiwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli:

• Ama-Neuron : Lawa amaseli akha ubuchopho bakho kanye nemizwa, adlulisa futhi aqondise izimpawu. Angaguqula izimpawu zibe izinhlobo zamakhemikhali noma zikagesi.
• Amaseli e-Glial: Lawa amaseli asekelayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Nakuba engadlulisi izimpawu zezinzwa, asiza amaseli ezinzwa enza kanjalo.

Ake sixoxe kabanzi ngamaseli ezinzwa (ama-Neuron)

Ama-neuron amaseli athumela futhi amukele izimpawu zikagesi nezamakhemikhali kulo lonke uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa. I-neuron inalezi zingxenye:

• Umzimba weseli: Lena yingxenye eyinhloko yeseli.
• I-Axon: Lena yingxenye ende, efana nengalo ephuma emzimbeni weseli. Ekupheleni kwe-axon kunezandiso eziningana ezifana neminwe, lapho isignali kagesi evela ku-neuron iguqulwa ibe isignali yamakhemikhali. Lezi zandiso, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-synapses, zingathumela izimpawu kwamanye amangqamuzana ezinzwa aseduze. Cabanga nge-axon njengentambo kagesi, kanti i-synapse ifana nepulaki ekugcineni kwentambo.
• Ama-dendrite: Lawa yizakhiwo ezincane, ezinamagatsha omzimba weseli (igama livela egameni lesiLatini elisho "okufana nomuthi"). Lawa ma-dendrite yilapho kwamukelwa khona izimpawu zamakhemikhali ezivela kuma-synapses amanye ama-neurons aseduze.
• I-Myelin :Lolu ungqimba oluncane nolunamafutha oluzungeze i-axon ye-neuron. Njengesigxobo sepulasitiki esizungeze ucingo lukagesi, luvikela i-axon futhi lusiza izimpawu ukuba zihambe ngokushesha.

Ukuxhumana kwezinzwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ama-dendrite e-neuron eyodwa angaxhuma kwezinye izinkulungwane zama-synapses. Amanye ama-neuron amade, amanye amafushane. Lokhu kuncike ekutheni akuphi emzimbeni kanye nomsebenzi awenzayo.

Ayini amaseli e-glial?

Amaseli e-Glial (abizwa ngokuthi i-glial-al) anemisebenzi eminingi ehlukene. Asiza ama-neurons akhule futhi athuthuke lapho usemusha, futhi asiza nokuphatha indlela ama-neurons asebenza ngayo impilo yakho yonke. Aphinde avikele uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa ekuthelelekeni, alawule ibhalansi yamakhemikhali yesistimu yakho yezinzwa, futhi enze i-myelin sheath ezungeze ama-axon akho. Ngokumangalisayo, kunamaseli e-glial aphindwe kayishumi kunama-neurons ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa! Afana neqembu le-pit elisebenzela izimoto zomjaho (ama-neurons).

Yiziphi izimo ezivamile ezithinta amaPons?

Izimo eziningi ezithinta ubuchopho bakho zingathinta nama-pons. Ezinye izimo zithinta ngqo ama-pons. Ngezansi kunezibonelo ezithile (ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama):

• Izimila zobuchopho (kufaka phakathi umdlavuza)
• I-Central pontine myelinolysis (umonakalo ku-myelin sheath kuma-pons)
• Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ukubhajwa kwekhanda (Ukubhajwa kwekhanda kanye nokunye ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu)
• Izinkinga zokuzalwa, okuhlanganisa nezinkinga zofuzo
• Ubuthi bensimbi enamandla noma obunye ubuthi
• Izimo zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokuvuvukala (isb., i-multiple sclerosis)
• Ukutheleleka (lokhu kungabangelwa amagciwane, amagciwane, izimuncagazi kanye nesikhunta)
• I-Locked-in syndrome (lapho wonke umzimba ukhubazekile ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwamehlo) okubangelwa ukulimala noma isifo sohlangothi
• 'Ukuwohloka kwesistimu eminingi' `(Ukuwohloka kwesistimu eminingi)`
• Ukuphelelwa amandla kwe-olivopontocerebellar
• 'I-Stroke' `(I-Stroke)`

Yiziphi izimpawu eziboniswa yi-'Pons' uma kunenkinga?

Izimpawu zesimo esithinta ama-pons ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ingxenye yama-pons yonakele. Ukulimala kwezingxenye ezahlukene zama-pons kungathinta umzimba wakho ngezindlela ezahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile:

• I-Ataxia (ukungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukunyakaza komzimba, ukunyakazisa njengomuntu odakiwe)
• Ukungezwa
• Ukubona kabili (i-Diplopia)
• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa wokuthinta (kufaka phakathi ikhono lokuzwa ukudlidliza, izinga lokushisa, noma ubuhlungu)
• I-Nystagmus (ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo nokungalawuleki)
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukukhubazeka (Lokhu kungathinta izingxenye zekhanda, ubuso, noma izingxenye ezithile zomzimba. Uma ama-pons onakele kakhulu, wonke umzimba ungase ukhubazeke ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwamehlo, njengasesimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-locked-in syndrome)
• I-Vertigo (isiyezi esinzima, uzizwa sengathi izinto ziyajikeleza nxazonke zakho)
• I-Tinnitus (ukuzwa imisindo ehlukene ezindlebeni, isibonelo ukukhala...)

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo yama-'Pons'?

Lapho bexilonga izimo ezihlobene nama-pons, odokotela bangenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (Lokhu kungathola yonke into kusukela ezinkingeni zesistimu yomzimba kuya ku-toxins kanye nezinsimbi (njengethusi, i-mercury, i-lead))
• 'I-CT scan' `(I-computerized tomography (CT scan)`
• 'I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)'
• I-Electromyogram (ukuhlolwa kokuqhuba kwemizwa)
• Amandla avuselelwe (izivivinyo zemizwa)
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo
• 'Iskeni se-M.R.I.' `(Isithombe se-Magnetic resonance (MRI))`
• 'I-P.E.T. Scan' `(I-Positron emission tomography (PET) scan)`

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo ezihlobene ne-Pons?

Ukwelashwa kwezimo ezithinta ama-pons kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izimo zingelashwa ngemithi. Ezinye zingadinga ukwelashwa okuthuthukile, njengokuhlinzwa. Ezinye izimo azikwazi ukwelapheka, noma ngisho nokwelashwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukulawula izimpawu. Akukho ukwelashwa okukodwa okusebenza kuzo zonke izimo ezithinta ama-pons.

Sinakekela kanjani amaPons?

Ezinye izimo ezithinta ama-pons zingavinjelwa, kodwa ezinye azilindelekile. Ezimweni eziningi, unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola izimo noma izinkinga ezithile. Izindlela zokuvimbela ezingcono kakhulu ongazithatha yilezi:

• Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo: Amazinga aphezulu noma aphansi kakhulu amavithamini angathinta ubuchopho bakho kanye nesimiso sezinzwa. Ukuphatha ukudla kwakho kungasiza futhi empilweni yesimiso sakho sokujikeleza kwegazi, okubuye kuthinte impilo yobuchopho bakho.
• Hlala umatasa ngokomzimba futhi ulondoloze isisindo esinempilo: Isisindo sakho kanye nezinga lomsebenzi kungavimbela noma kulibazise ukuqala kwezimo ezithinta ubuchopho, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zenhliziyo nezinhlelo zokujikeleza kwegazi ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.
• Sebenzisa imishini yokuphepha:Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ukuxhuzula kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, kungalimaza ubuchopho bakho. Ngezinye izikhathi umonakalo ungaba unomphela. Ukugqoka imishini yokuzivikela njengesigqoko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usemsebenzini noma udlala, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala ekhanda.
• Qaphela izifo ezingamahlalakhona: Izifo eziningi ezithinta ubuchopho ziya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki. Ukwelapha lezi zifo ngezinye izikhathi kungamisa noma kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwazo. Lokhu kungakusiza ugweme ukulimala okukhulu kobuchopho.

Okokugcina, umyalezo esifuna ukuwuthatha ekhaya kule ndaba uthi

Ama-pons akho ayingxenye encane kodwa enamandla kakhulu yobuchopho bakho. Yingxenye yobuchopho esingacabangi ngayo noma esingayinaki kakhulu isikhathi esiningi, kodwa ibalulekile endleleni ophila ngayo nendlela ofunda ngayo ngezwe elikuzungezile. Isiza ekuphatheni izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuphefumula kwakho, ibhalansi, kanye nokuzwa.

Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela impilo yobuchopho bakho ekulimaleni nasezifweni ezingavinjelwa kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yempilo yakho. Nakuba zincane, 'ama-pons' enza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu kuwe!

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Ama-Pons, ubuchopho, isimiso sezinzwa, ubuthongo, ubuhlungu, imizwa yekhanda, isiqu sobuchopho