Sonke sifuna ukuhlala siphilile, akunjalo? Ubuwazi ukuthi umzimba wakho unesimiso sokuzivikela sangaphakathi esimangalisayo esisebenza ngokungakhathali ukukuvikela ezifweni? Ingxenye ebalulekile yalesi simiso yakhiwe ngamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte. Kalula nje, cabanga ngawo njengamasosha amancane aqapha impilo yakho. Ake singene sijule kulokho okuyi-lymphocyte nokuthi akugcina kanjani uphilile nge-Nirogi Lanka.
Ziyini Ngempela Ama-Lymphocyte?
Ama-lymphocyte awuhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi. Ungase wazi kakade ukuthi igazi lakho linamaseli abomvu namhlophe; ama-lymphocyte ayiqembu elikhethekile kulawo maseli amhlophe egazi. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukusekela amasosha omzimba wakho. Cabanga ngesistimu yakho yomzimba njengamasosha omzimba wakho okuvikela, aklanyelwe ukukuvikela ezinsongweni zangaphandle ezifana namagciwane , amabhaktheriya, kanye namagciwane.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-lymphocyte:
- Ama-T lymphocyte (ama-T cell): Lawa angabaholi bamaqhinga besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Alawula izimpendulo zomzimba futhi ayakwazi ukubona amangqamuzana athelelekile noma amangqamuzana omdlavuza , awahlasele ngqo ukuze awabhubhise.
- Ama-B lymphocyte (amaseli e-B): Lawa amafektri omzimba wakho amasosha omzimba. Ama-antibodies amaprotheni aklanyelwe ukubona abantu abathile abahlaselayo njengama-virus noma amabhaktheriya futhi asebenze njengezikhali zokuqeda lezi zinsongo.
Ama-Lymphocyte Asebenza Kanjani Umzimba Wakho?
Ama-lymphocyte awawona nje amaseli; abalulekile ekusindeni kwakho.
Ngokuyinhloko zikuvikela ngokulwa namangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye nokuqeda ama-antigen —izinto zangaphandle ezifana namagciwane namagciwane asongela impilo yakho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-lymphocyte ane-"memori" emangalisayo. Akhumbula yonke i-antigen ahlangane nayo. Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani ungatholi izifo ezifana ne-measles noma i-chickenpox okwesibili? Kungenxa yememori egcinwe yilawa maseli. Ngemva kokuhlangana ne-antigen, amanye ama-lymphocyte aguquka abe "amaseli enkumbulo." Uma i-antigen efanayo iphinda ihlasele, lawa maseli enkumbulo ayayibona ngokushesha futhi abangele impendulo esheshayo nenamandla. Lokhu futhi kuyisimiso sendlela yokugoma ekuvikela ngayo ezifweni ezithile.
Amaseli e-T namaseli e-B asebenza kanjani ndawonye?
Nakuba amaseli e-T namaseli e-B esebenza ndawonye, imisebenzi yawo ihlukile.
Indima Yamaseli E-T
Amaseli e-T anesibopho sokubhubhisa amaseli athelelekile nokulawula impendulo yomzimba iyonke. Amaseli amaningi e-T adinga isignali evela kwamanye amaseli omzimba ukuze asebenze. Uma esesebenze, ayanda futhi akhetheke ngezinhlobo ezahlukene:
- Amaseli e-T ane-cytotoxic : Lawa angamandla akhethekile esimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela. Abopha kuma-antigen kumaseli athelelekile noma angajwayelekile, adale izimbobo kulwelwesi lweseli, bese efaka ama-enzyme ukuze abulale iseli ngaphakathi.
- Amaseli e-T awusizo: Njengoba igama lawo lisho, ahlanganisa ukuzivikela. Amanye asiza amaseli e-B ukuthi akhiqize ama-antibodies, kanti amanye akhulisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli e-T anobuthi.
- Amaseli e-T alawulayo: Lawa maseli akhiqiza izinto ezibonisa ukuthi impendulo yomzimba yokuzivikela iyayeka uma ingozi isidlulile, okuvimbela umzimba ekuhlaseleni izicubu zawo ezinempilo.
Indima Yamaseli E-B
Amaseli e-B anezitho zokwamukela ezinamathela kuma-antigen athile. Uma esefundile ukuqaphela usongo, akhiqiza ama-antibodies enzelwe wona ukulwa nalo. Asabela ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Impendulo eyinhloko yomzimba yokuzivikela komzimba:Uma i-antigen ibopha okokuqala ku-receptor yeseli le-B, iseli le-B liyashukunyiswa. Amanye aba “amangqamuzana enkumbulo,” kanti amanye aguquka abe “amangqamuzana e-plasma.” Lawa maseli e-plasma akhipha ama-antibodies athile adingekayo, yize le nqubo ingathatha izinsuku eziningana ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kokuqala.
- Impendulo yesibili yokuzivikela komzimba: Uma i-antigen efanayo ibuya, amaseli enkumbulo ayayikhumbula ngokushesha. Ayanda ngokushesha futhi aguquke abe amaseli e-plasma, akhiqize i-antibody efanele ngesivinini esikhulu. Yingakho ululama ngokushesha kakhulu uma ubhekene nesifo esifanayo okwesibili.
Akhiqizwa kuphi ama-lymphocyte futhi atholakala kuphi?
Ama-lymphocyte akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wakho wamathambo . Uma esevuthiwe, angena egazini. Ungawathola la maseli avuthiwe egazini lakho nakuwo wonke uhlelo lwe-lymphatic .
Amanye aya e -thymus gland ukuze abe ama-T cell, kanti amanye aya kuma- lymph node nakwezinye izitho ukuze akhule abe ama-B cell.
Zibukeka Kanjani I-Lymphocytes?
Ama-lymphocyte makhulu kancane kunamaseli abomvu egazi kodwa asencane kakhulu kangangokuthi adinga i-microscope ukuze abone. I-lymphocyte ngayinye ine-nucleus enkulu, ejulile ephuzi phakathi nendawo, ezungezwe ungqimba oluncane lwe-cytoplasm ensomi ekhanyayo.
Iyini i-Normal Range yama-Lymphocyte?
Inani lingahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka, izakhi zofuzo, ubulili, ukuphakama, kanye nendlela yokuphila.
- Kubantu abadala: Ububanzi obujwayelekile buvame ukuba phakathi kwama-lymphocyte ayi-1,000 kuya ku-4,800 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi.
- Ezinganeni: Ububanzi buphakeme, ngokuvamile phakathi kwama-lymphocyte angu-3,000 no-9,500 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi.
Ngokuvamile, ama-lymphocyte akha cishe u-20% kuya ku-40% wenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi lakho.
Kwenzekani Uma Inani Lakho Lama-Lymphocyte Liphezulu?
Uma unenkinga mayelana nemiphumela yakho yegazi, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima njengomkhuhlane ophakeme, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukuquleka okungachazeki, funa usizo oluphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
Uma izinga lama-lymphocyte egazini lakho liphakeme kunezinga elijwayelekile, silibiza ngokuthi i-lymphocytosis . Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngoba umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka noma esinye isimo sempilo esiyisisekelo. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba wakho ungase ukhiqize ama-lymphocyte engeziwe ukuze akuvikele.
Kodwa-ke, amazinga e-lymphocyte angakhuphuka ngenxa yezimo zezokwelapha ezingathi sína. Ezinye zalezi zifaka:
- I-Hepatitis
- I-Syphilis
- I-Mononucleosis
- Isifo sofuba
- I-HIV kanye ne-AIDS
- I-Hypothyroidism
- Izifo ezifana nokukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo, i-toxoplasmosis, noma i-cytomegalovirus
- Umdlavuza wegazi njenge-lymphoma noma i-leukemia
Kwenzekani uma amazinga ami e-lymphocyte ephansi?
Uma izinga lama-lymphocyte egazini lakho lehla ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile, laziwa ngokuthi i-lymphocytopenia noma i-lymphopenia . Nakuba lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yomkhuhlane noma ukutheleleka okuncane, kungaba futhi uphawu lwenkinga yezempilo eyisisekelo engathi sína. Ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona zifaka:
- I-HIV noma i-AIDS
- Isifo sofuba noma umkhuhlane we-typhoid
- I-hepatitis ebangelwa yigciwane
- Izinkinga zegazi ezifana nesifo sikaHodgkin
- Izifo ezizenzakalelayo njenge-lupus
- Izimo ezingavamile ezizuzwe njengefa, okuhlanganisa i-Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), i-Ataxia-telangiectasia, i-DiGeorge syndrome, kanye ne-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha njengokwelashwa ngemisebe noma i-chemotherapy
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezihlola amazinga ami e-lymphocyte?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa kwegazi ezitholakalayo ukusisiza siqonde amazinga akho e-lymphocyte. Okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi:
- Inani lama-lymphocyte aphelele: Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-Complete Blood Count (CBC). Kuhlinzeka ngenani eliqondile lama-lymphocyte egazini lakho kunokuba kube iphesenti nje.
- I-Flow cytometry: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okukhethekile. Isampula yakho yegazi iphathwa ngoketshezi oluthile bese idluliswa ngedivayisi esekelwe ku-laser ebizwa ngokuthi i-flow cytometer. I-laser ibangela ukuthi amaseli ahlakazeke ngamaphethini ahlukene, okuvumela ithimba lakho lezempilo ukuthi libone futhi libale izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli ngokunembile.
Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezimo ezihilela ama-lymphocyte?
Ngokuvamile, ukuba ne-lymphocytosis noma i-lymphocytopenia kukodwa akubangeli izimpawu ezithile. Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga akho e-lymphocyte eshintshile ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwegazi noma umdlavuza, ungase ube nezimpawu ezihlobene naleso simo esithile, njenge:
- Ama-lymph node avuvukele
- Ukujuluka ebusuku
- Imfiva
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
Isikhumbuzo sokugcina nesibalulekile esivela eNirogi Lanka!
Ama-lymphocyte awuhlobo olubalulekile lwamaseli amhlophe egazi. Asebenza njengabadlali ababalulekile ohlelweni lwakho lokuzivikela komzimba, evikela umzimba wakho ezifweni. Inani lama-lymphocyte akho lingahlolwa kalula ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile.
Ukuthola imiphumela ebonisa ukuthi amazinga akho e-lymphocyte angaphandle kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi, lolu shintsho lubonisa ukuthi umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka ngenkuthalo. Zama ukungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile.
Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka, isinyathelo esingcono kakhulu sokuhlela i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho. Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukuthola imbangela eqondile futhi akuqondise ngezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokubuyisela impilo yakho esimweni esijwayelekile.
