Ake sifunde ngamasosha amancane emzimbeni wakho - ama-lymphocyte.

Sonke sifuna ukuba nempilo enhle. Ngakho-ke ubuwazi ukuthi imizimba yethu inesimiso sokuzivikela esimangalisayo esisivikela ezifweni? Ama-lymphocyte angamalungu abaluleke kakhulu alolo hlelo lokuzivikela. Kalula nje, afana namasosha amancane emzimbeni wethu. Ake sixoxe kabanzi ngala ma-lymphocyte namuhla.

Ayini ngempela ama-lymphocyte?

Ama-lymphocyte awuhlobo lweseli elibizwa ngokuthi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Yebo, uke wezwa ukuthi kukhona amangqamuzana abomvu namaseli amhlophe egazini. Ama-lymphocyte ayiqembu elikhethekile lamangqamuzana amhlophe. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukusiza amasosha omzimba wethu. Amasosha omzimba afana nebutho lokuzivikela ezweni lakithi. Lolu hlelo lukhona ukuze lusivikele ezitheni ezivela ngaphandle (okungukuthi, kumagciwane , amagciwane, amagciwane abangela izifo).

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-lymphocyte:

• Ama-T lymphocyte (ama-T cell): Lawa yiwo alawula izimpendulo zesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Angathola futhi amaseli athelelekile namaseli omdlavuza bese ewahlasela futhi awabhubhise ngokuqondile.
• Ama-lymphocyte e-B (noma amaseli e-B): Lawa yiwo enza izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies. Ama-antibodies awuhlobo lweprotheni. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, lawa afana nezikhali ezenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuqaphela nokulwa nabahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe njengama-virus namabhaktheriya.

Ngakho-ke, iyiphi inkonzo enikezwa yilawa ma-lymphocyte emizimbeni yethu?

Ama-lymphocyte awawona nje amaseli ambalwa. Asebenza kahle kakhulu emizimbeni yethu.

Ngokuyinhloko, la ma-lymphocyte asiza ekulweni namaseli omdlavuza futhi alwe nama-antigen afana namagciwane namabhaktheriya avela ngaphandle.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa lawa ma-lymphocyte nawo anenkumbulo emangalisayo. Akhumbula yonke i-antigen ahlangana nayo. Cabanga nje, uma wawune-measles useyingane , uzophinde uthole i-measles kaningi uma ukhula, akunjalo? Kunjalo nange-chickenpox. Lokho kungenxa yenkumbulo yalawa ma-lymphocyte. Amanye ama-lymphocyte, ngemva kokuhlangana ne-antigen, aba “amaseli enkumbulo”. Khona-ke, uma i-antigen efanayo ingena emzimbeni futhi, lawa maseli enkumbulo ayayibona ngokushesha futhi asabela ngokushesha. Yingakho singatholi ezinye izifo kabili. Kungenxa yalesi simiso ukuthi singavikeleka kwezinye izifo ngokunikeza imijovo.

Asebenza kanjani amaseli e-T namaseli e-B?

La maseli e-T namaseli e-B asebenza ndawonye, ​​kodwa imisebenzi yawo ihlukile kancane.

Indima yamaseli e-T

Amaseli e-T abhekene kakhulu nokubhubhisa amaseli athelelekile nokulawula impendulo yomzimba wethu ezintweni zakwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, amaseli amaningi e-T adinga usizo lwelinye iseli lokuzivikela ukuze asebenze. Uma amaseli e-T esevuliwe, ayanda (okungukuthi, ayanda ngobukhulu) futhi akhetheke ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamaseli e-T. Lezi zinhlobo yilezi:

• Amaseli e-T ane-cytotoxic : Lawa anjengezikhwepha ezikhethekile empini. Lawa maseli anamathela kuma-antigen kumaseli athelelekile noma angajwayelekile. Abese enza izimbobo olwelwesini lweseli lwamaseli athelelekile, afake ama-enzyme , bese ewabulala.
• Amaseli e-T awusizo: Njengoba igama lisho, lawa asiza amanye amaseli omzimba. Amanye asiza amaseli e-B ukuthi enze ama-antibodies. Amanye asiza amaseli e-T ayingozi ukuthi asebenze.
• Amaseli e-T alawulayo: Lawa maseli akhiqiza izinto ezisiza ukuqeda impendulo yesistimu yomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi, asiza nokuvimbela imizimba yethu ukuthi ingabi nezimpendulo eziyingozi.

Umsebenzi wamaseli e-B

Amaseli e-B anezitho zokwamukela ezikhethekile ebusweni bawo ezibopha kuma-antigen. Amaseli e-B afunda ukuqaphela la ma-antigen ahlukene futhi akhiqize ama-antibodies athile ukuze ahlasele ngalinye. Amaseli e-B asabela kuma-antigen ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Impendulo eyinhloko yokuzivikela komzimba: Uma i-antigen ihlangana ne-receptor, amaseli e-B ayavuselelwa. Amanye amaseli e-B aba “amaseli enkumbulo.” Amanye amaseli e-B aba “amaseli e-plasma.” Lawa maseli e-plasma enza ama-antibodies aqondene ne-antigen eyavuselelwa. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinsuku eziningana ukuthi kukhiqizwe inani elidingekayo lama-antibodies.
• Impendulo yesibili yokuzivikela komzimba: Cabanga ukuthi kwenzekani uma i-antigen efanayo eyafika ngaphambili ibuya emzimbeni. Bese, lawo maseli enkumbulo ayakhumbula. Ayanda ngokushesha, abe amaseli e-plasma, futhi akhiqize ama-antibodies ngokushesha okukhulu. Lesi futhi yisona sizathu esenza ululame ngokushesha uma ugula okwesibili.

Ngakho-ke, lawa ma-lymphocyte akhiqizwa futhi atholakala kuphi emzimbeni wethu?

Ama-lymphocyte akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo.Bese, ziyavuthwa, okusho ukuthi zikhula kahle, bese zingena egazini. Ama-lymphocyte avuthiwe angatholakala egazini lethu nakuzo zonke izingxenye zesistimu ye-lymphatic .

Amanye ama-lymphocyte aya endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-thymus gland yethu. Lawo ma-lymphocyte aba ama-T cell. Amanye ama-lymphocyte aya kuma -lymph node ethu nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Lawo yiwo aba ama-B cell.

Zibukeka kanjani i-lymphocytes?

Ama-lymphocyte amaseli amakhulu kancane kunamaseli abomvu egazi . Kodwa-ke, mancane kakhulu ukuthi angabonakala ngaphansi kwe-microscope. I-lymphocyte ngayinye ine-nucleus enkulu phakathi. Le nucleus inombala onsomi omnyama. Into efana nejeli eyizungezile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-cytoplasm , inombala onsomi okhanyayo.

Iyini inani elijwayelekile lama-lymphocyte?

Inani lama-lymphocyte emzimbeni wethu lingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kuncike ezintweni ezifana nobudala, uhlanga, ubulili, ukuphakama, kanye nendlela yethu yokuphila.

• Kumuntu omdala, ngokuvamile kuba nama-lymphocyte aphakathi kuka-1,000 no-4,800 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi.
• Ezinganeni ezincane, leli nani liphakeme kancane. Bangase babe nama-lymphocyte aphakathi kuka-3,000 no-9,500 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi.

Ama-lymphocyte ngokuvamile akha phakathi kuka-20% no-40% wamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi aphelele emzimbeni wethu.

Kwenzekani uma inani lama-lymphocyte liphezulu?

Uma inani lama-lymphocyte egazini liphezulu kunokujwayelekile, silibiza ngokuthi i-lymphocytosis . Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokutheleleka noma ukugula. Imizimba yethu ngezinye izikhathi ikhiqiza ama-lymphocyte engeziwe ukusiza ukulwa nokutheleleka.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo ezingathi sína zingabangela ukwanda kwenani lama-lymphocyte. Ezinye zalezi zimo zifaka:

• I-Hepatitis
• I-Syphilis
• I-Mononucleosis
• Isifo sofuba
• I-HIV kanye ne-AIDS
• I-Hypothyroidism
• Izifo ezifana nokukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo, i-toxoplasmosis, noma i-cytomegalovirus
• Umdlavuza wegazi njenge-lymphoma noma i-leukemia

Kwenzekani uma inani lama-lymphocyte liphansi?

Uma inani lama-lymphocyte egazini liphansi kunejwayelekile, silibiza ngokuthi i-lymphocytopenia noma i-lymphopenia . Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yomkhuhlane noma olunye ukutheleleka okuncane. Kodwa-ke, ukugula noma isimo esibi kakhulu singabangela ukwehla kwenani lama-lymphocyte. Nazi ezinye zezimbangela:

• I-HIV noma i-AIDS
• Isifo sofuba noma umkhuhlane we-typhoid
• I-hepatitis ebangelwa yigciwane
• Izifo zegazi ezifana nesifo sikaHodgkin
• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo njenge-lupus
• Izimo ezingavamile zofuzo ezifana ne-Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), i-Ataxia-telangiectasia, i-DiGeorge syndrome, kanye ne-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ukwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa ngemisebe noma i-chemotherapy

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezihlola ukuthi amazinga ami e-lymphocyte aphilile yini?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuhlolwa kwegazi ezinganquma inani lama-lymphocyte egazini lakho. Okuyinhloko yile:

• Inani Lama-Lymphocyte Aphelele: Lokhu kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-Complete Blood Count (CBC). Kukala inani lama-lymphocyte egazini lakho njengenani eliphelele, hhayi njengephesenti.
• I-Flow cytometry: Lolu wuhlolo olwenziwa elabhorethri ekhethekile. Isampula yegazi lakho lincibilikiswa oketshezini bese lidlula kudivayisi ye-laser ebizwa ngokuthi i-flow cytometer. Ukukhanya kwe-laser kubangela ukuthi amaseli akho egazi ahlakazeke abe amaphethini. Amaphethini avumela izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli ukuthi zibonakale futhi zibale kahle.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezimo ezihlobene nama-lymphocyte?

Ezimweni eziningi, azikho izimpawu ezithile ze-lymphocytosis (ukwanda kwama-lymphocyte) noma i-lymphocytopenia (ukwehla kwama-lymphocyte). Kodwa-ke, uma inani lama-lymphocyte landa ngenxa yesifo segazi noma umdlavuza, izimpawu ezihlobene naleso sifo zingase zivele. Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ama-lymph node avuvukele
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla
• Ukuphelelwa umoya

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyikhumbule!

Ama-lymphocyte awuhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwamaseli amhlophe egazi emzimbeni wethu. Ayingxenye eyinhloko yesimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba futhi asivikela ezifweni. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kungakutshela ukuthi unawo ama-lymphocyte amangaki.

Kungaba yinto eyesabekayo ukuthola ukuthi ama-lymphocyte akho aphezulu noma aphansi kunokujwayelekile. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, ushintsho enanini lama-lymphocyte akho lungasho ukuthi umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka. Ngakho ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile.

Uma unokungabaza noma imibuzo ngalokhu, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela wakho bese ukhuluma ngakho. Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukuthola imbangela eqondile futhi enze okudingekayo ukuze akubuyisele esimweni esijwayelekile.