Ingabe unamafutha amaningi emithanjeni yakho yegazi? Ake sixoxe nge-atheroma!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngento ebalulekile kubantu abaningi, kodwa mhlawumbe engaziwa kahle. Wake wezwa nge-'Atheroma' noma ukugcwala kwamafutha emithanjeni yegazi ? Lesi simo siyinto okufanele sikhathazeke ngayo, ngoba singathinta impilo yenhliziyo yethu kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wonke. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngayo kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Iyini ngempela i-atheroma?

Kalula nje, i-atheroma iyinto enamafutha enqwabelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yethu, ikakhulukazi imithambo yegazi yethu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kufana nokungcola okwakheka epayipini lamanzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abanye abantu bakubiza ngokuthi 'i-atherosclerotic plaque', noma 'i-plaque'. Ngakho-ke leli 'plaque' linqwabelana ezindongeni zangaphakathi zemithambo yegazi, linciphise kancane indlela yegazi.

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani le atheroma iyingozi:

• Okokuqala, lokhu kukhula kancane kancane futhi kuthatha isikhala esiningi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lesikhala sokugeleza kwegazi , njengokuminyana kwezimoto emgwaqweni.
• Okwesibili, ngezinye izikhathi lawa ma-deposit angaqhuma ngokuzumayo. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kungakheka ihlule legazi lapho. Leli hlule legazi lingavimba ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi lapho, noma lingaqhekeka futhi livimbele umthambo wegazi kwenye indawo emzimbeni.

Cabanga nje, kwenzekani uma umthambo ohlinzeka ngegazi enhliziyweni uvaleka kanje? Yilapho-ke kuvela khona ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ngokufanayo, uma umthambo ohlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni uvaleka , isimo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo sohlangothi singavela. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela la ma-atheroma nokunciphisa ingozi yokuwathola.

Yenziwe ngani le atheroma?

Lawa ma-deposit, abizwa ngokuthi i-atheroma, akhiwa ukuqongelela kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezijikeleza egazini lethu. Ngokuyinhloko ahlanganisa:

• Izinhlobo zamaseli egazini.
• I-calcium . Le calcium yiyona ebangela ukuthi i-atheroma ibe nzima futhi ibe mancane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi" noma "ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi."
• I-cholesterol namanye amafutha. Lezi izithako eziyinhloko.
• Amaseli okuvuvukala .
• Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaprotheni.

Konke lokhu ndawonye kudala leyo ndawo eyingozi odongeni lwemithambo yegazi.

Kuyini i-Aortic Atheroma?

I-Aortic atheroma yisimo lapho i-atheroma inqwabelana khona emthanjeni wethu oyinhloko, i-aorta. I-aorta iwumthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu. Iqala enhliziyweni bese yehla esifubeni ize iyofika esiswini. Uma i-atheroma yakheka kulo mthambo wegazi obalulekile, ingadala izinkinga ezahlukahlukene.Kungaba nezinkinga . Isibonelo:

• I-Aortic aneurysm
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Isifo sohlangothi

Ingabe lokhu kufana nomdlavuza?

Cha, i-atheroma ayiwona umdlavuza. Kumane kuyinqwaba yamafutha eyakheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yethu. Ngezinye izikhathi amagama ezokwelapha angazwakala afana, ngakho-ke kungaba yinto edidayo. Isibonelo, igama elithi 'atheroma' lifana namagama anjengelithi 'carcinoma' (uhlobo lomdlavuza), ngakho abanye bangase bacabange ukuthi nalo umdlavuza. Kodwa akukho ukuxhumana okunjalo. Lokhu kuhlobene ngokuphelele nohlelo lwethu lwemithambo yegazi kanye nempilo yenhliziyo.

Kungani le atheroma yakheka?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-atheroma ukulimala kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwemithambo yethu (olubizwa ngokuthi i-endothelium). Ososayensi basacwaninga ngezizathu eziningi zalo monakalo. Kodwa into eyodwa icacile: lapho le endothelium yonakele, yilapho i-atheroma iqala ukwakheka khona. Bese, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikhula kancane kancane.

Kunezici eziningana ezibangela ingozi ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atheroma:

• Izifo ezibangela ukuvuvukala: Isibonelo, izifo ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Isifo Sikashukela: Le ngozi iphezulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
• Ukudla okungenampilo: Ukudla ukudla okuningi kakhulu okunamafutha agcwele, amafutha e-trans, kanye ne-cholesterol.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Amazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride.
• Ukuguga: Ingozi iyanda ngemva kweminyaka engu-45 kwabesilisa kanye nangemva kweminyaka engu-55 kwabesifazane.
• Ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi: Lokhu kuyisici esiyingozi kakhulu.

Nakuba i-atheroma ingakheka kunoma yimuphi umthambo emzimbeni wethu, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi yakheke ezindaweni zamagatsha, noma lapho umthambo owodwa uhlukana khona ube yizicucu ezimbili (ama-bifurcation).

Cabanga ngesimiso sethu sokujikeleza kwegazi njengenethiwekhi yemigwaqo. Ukuminyana kwezimoto kuvame ukwenzeka ezindaweni zokuhlangana, lapho imigwaqo ihlangana khona, kunokuba kwenzeke emigwaqweni eqondile. Ngokufanayo, ukugcinwa kwamafutha emithanjeni yethu kuvame ukwakheka kakhulu lapho imithambo ihlangana khona futhi ihlukana khona. Ososayensi basazama ukuthola ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-atherosclerosis kanye ne-atherosclerosis?

Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa ukukubeka kalula:

I-Atheroma yinto enamafutha. I-Atherosclerosis yisifo esibangelwa ukugcwala kwaleyo nto emithanjeni yegazi.

Ukuchaza kabanzi, i-atheroma iyinto enamafutha evala imithambo yakho. Iyakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ibangele izinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwakheka kwe-atheroma (noma i-plaque) kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis. Uma une-atherosclerosis, kusho ukuthi unalokhu kwakheka kwe-plaque emithanjeni yakho. Le plaque ingakhula kancane ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu .

Lokhu kwakheka kwe-plaque kungaqala eminyakeni yakho engamashumi amabili noma engamashumi amathathu, bese kuqhubeka impilo yakho yonke. Kuthonywa ukudla kwethu, indlela esiphila ngayo, kanye nezici zofuzo. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, le nqubo yenzeka ngokushesha kunabanye. Futhi abanye abantu bangase babe nezinkinga ekuqaleni kwempilo. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu yezinto eziyingozi njengokubhema noma umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo usemncane.

I-atherosclerosis inganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Njengoba i-atheroma ikhula, ithatha isikhala esiningi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kwakheka kwama-plaque kungaholela ezimweni ezifana nalezi:

• Isifo sokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi (ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi esiswini nasemilenzeni)
• Isifo semithambo ye-carotid (ukuvaleka kwemithambo ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni)
• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo (ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni)
• I-Mesenteric ischemia (ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwegazi emathunjini)
• Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle (ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni)
• Isifo semithambo yezinso (ukuvaleka kwemithambo ehambisa igazi ezinso)
• Isifo semithambo yomgogodla (ukuvaleka kwemithambo yomgogodla ehambisana nomgogodla)

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-atheroma? Ziyini izimpawu?

Ngokuvamile kunzima ukwazi ukuthi une-plaque enqwabelene emithanjeni yakho, ngoba kungase kungabi khona zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Eqinisweni, ungase ungaboni zimpawu kuze kube yilapho imithambo yakho ivalekile okungenani ngo-70% . Izimpawu onazo zizoncika ekutheni imiphi imithambo evalekile.

• Uma imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni (imithambo ye-coronary) ivaliwe: Uzwa ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki uma usebenza futhi kwehla uma uphumula (`Stable angina`).
• Uma imithambo ehambisa igazi ezinqeni nasemaqakaleni (imithambo ye-iliac noma ye-femoral) ivalekile: Ubuhlungu emilenzeni buvela ngesikhathi somsebenzi, njengokuhamba, futhi buyakhululeka lapho uphumule (`Claudication`).
• Uma imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni (imithambo ye-carotid) ivaleka: Kungaba khona isifo sohlangothi.
• Uma imithambo ehambisa igazi emathunjini (imithambo ye-mesenteric) ivalekile: Ubuhlungu besisu ngemva kokudla (okubizwa nangokuthi `i-Postprandial cramps` noma `i-abdominal angina`).
• Uma imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ezinso (imithambo yezinso) ivaleka: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme wesibili kanye nokusebenza kwezinso okunciphile kungenzeka.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-atheroma ingavela ngaphandle kwezimpawu, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlolwe. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezinto ezikubangela ubungozi, umlando womndeni wakho wesifo senhliziyo, futhi, uma kudingeka, acele ukuhlolwa ukuze kuhlolwe inhliziyo yakho kanye nemithambo yegazi.

Ingabe le atheroma ingasuswa ngokuphelele uma isivele yakhiwe?

Eqinisweni, uma i-atheroma yakheka , akunakwenzeka ukuyiguqula ngokuphelele. Okusho ukuthi, kunzima ukuyincibilikisa nokuyisusa ngokuphelele.

Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze unciphise ukuqhubeka kwe-atherosclerosis.

Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kanye nemithi enikezwe udokotela kudlala indima enkulu kulokhu. Uma utholakale une-atherosclerosis, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uthole iseluleko sokuthi ungasiphatha kanjani lesi simo.

Ngakho-ke yini engenziwa ukulawula nokunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-atheroma?

Ngokuvamile, izinto ezilandelayo zisiza ukulawula ukunqwabelana kwe-atheroma emithanjeni:

• Yeka ukubhema nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele. Ukusebenzisa ugwayi kungenye yezinto ezibangela izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Cela usizo kudokotela wakho ukuze akusize uyeke.
• Yamukela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Gwema ukudla okunamafutha amaningi agcwele (njengenyama enamafutha, imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha amaningi). Yeka ukudla okunamafutha ashintshashintshayo (ukudla okusheshayo, ukudla okupakishwe). Nciphisa ushukela, usawoti, nama-carbohydrate acwengekile (njengesinkwa).
• Ukuzivocavoca. Zama ukuthola okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca okulinganiselwe ngesonto. Lokhu kungaba ukuhamba imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto. Noma ungenza omunye umsebenzi owuthandayo (njengokugibela ibhayisikili noma ukubhukuda). Kubalulekile ukubuza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo olusha lokuzivocavoca.
• Phuza imithi yakho oyinikezwe ngudokotela njengoba nje uyalelwe. Imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izici eziyingozi ze-atherosclerosis (njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol). Tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimuphi umuthi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
• Hamba uyohlolwa udokotela okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ubungozi bakho bokuthola i-atherosclerosis nezinye izifo zenhliziyo. Qiniseka ukuthi uya ezivivinyweni zikadokotela wakho ngesikhathi, futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ongase ube nakho.

Ngamafuphi (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyibiza ngokuthi i-atheroma noma i-plaque, lokhu okunamafutha okwakheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yakho yegazi akukuhle empilweni yakho. Kodwa awuwedwa ekulweni kwakho ne-atherosclerosis. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokunciphisa ukwakheka kwale plaque emithanjeni yakho yegazi.Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila njengokuyeka ukubhema nokudla ukudla okunempilo kungasiza ekuvikeleni imithambo yakho yemithambo iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Khumbula, inhliziyo enempilo iyisihluthulelo sempilo enempilo! Ngakho-ke nakekela inhliziyo yakho.

I- Atheroma, I-Atherosclerosis, I-Cholesterol, Isifo senhliziyo, Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi, Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, Isifo sohlangothi