Ake sifunde ngesango elincane enhliziyweni yakho? Yi-Pulmonary Valve!

Sawubona! Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenhliziyo yethu, kodwa okungenzeka ukuthi asikhulumi kakhulu ngayo. Ifana nomnyango oya endlini yethu. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary valve. Ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani ngalo mnyango omncane, nokuthi ubaluleke kangakanani.

Iyini i-Pulmonary Valve? Masiyiqonde kalula!

Cabanga ngenhliziyo yakho njengendlu encane enamakamelo amane. Ukuze igazi ligeleze lisuka kwelinye igumbi liye kwelinye, kumele kube neminyango, akunjalo? Yilokho ivalvu yamaphaphu enjengayo. Ingenye yamavalvu amane enhliziyweni. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, 'ngumnyango' othatha igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka ekamelweni elingezansi kwesokudla lenhliziyo yakho (elibizwa ngokuthi "i-ventricle yangakwesokudla") liye "emthanjeni omkhulu wamaphaphu", umthambo wegazi oyinhloko othwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo liye emaphashini. Uma leli gazi lifika emaphashini, lithatha umoya-mpilo. Bese, lelo gazi elicebile ngomoya-mpilo liyahamba liye kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngakho-ke, ungacabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthi lo mnyango usebenze kahle? Ivalvu yamaphaphu, kanye nelinye ivalvu enhliziyweni yethu, "ivalvu ye-aorta", zibizwa ngokuthi "amavalvu e-semilunar" . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-flaps (njengezinkinobho zomnyango) kula mavalvu akhiwe njenge-crescent. Lawa mavalvu e-crescent alawula ukugeleza kwegazi kusuka emakamelweni aphansi (ama-ventricle) enhliziyo yethu kuya emithanjeni yegazi emikhulu (imithambo yegazi). Ungase uzwe lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Pulmonic valve. Womabili amagama ento efanayo.

Ngakho-ke lenzani ngempela le valve yamaphaphu?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko waleli valuvu lamaphaphu, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ukulawula ukugeleza kwegazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo kusuka ku-ventricle yesokudla yenhliziyo kuya emthanjeni omkhulu wamaphaphu, oya emaphashini. Ake sibheke ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani ngemininingwane ethe xaxa:

• Njalo uma inhliziyo yakho ishaya, le valve yamaphaphu iyavuleka futhi ivale, njengomnyango.
• Uma i-ventricle yakho yesokudla ifinyela (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "isigaba se-systolic" ngokwezokwelapha), ivalvu yamaphaphu iyavuleka. Yilapho igazi liqala ukugeleza liphuma enhliziyweni, liye emaphashini.
• Bese kuthi, lapho inhliziyo 'iphumula' isikhashana (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "isigaba se-diastolic" noma isigaba sokuphumula), ivalvu yamaphaphu iyavaleka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba uma ingavaleki kanje, igazi eliye emaphashini lingavuza libuyele enhliziyweni. Lokho akukuhle.
• Ngakho-ke, yilapho le valve ivaliwe lapho i-ventricle yesokudla igcwala khona igazi elidinga ukufinyela ngesikhathi esizayo.

Cabanga ngakho njengompompi wamanzi. Uyawuvula uma uwudinga bese uphuza amanzi, bese uyawuvala uma usuqedile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amanzi ayachitheka. Ivalvu yamaphaphu nayo ilawula ukuhamba kwegazi ngendlela efanayo.

Indima ekhethekile yevalvu yamaphaphu enqubweni kaRoss

Ngaphezu kokulawula ukugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile, le valve yamaphaphu ingenza nomunye umsebenzi okhethekile. Okusho ukuthi, ingasetshenziswa njengokufaka esikhundleni lapho enye valve ebalulekile enhliziyweni yethu, i-`(i-aortic valve)` iba nesifo futhi ingasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(inqubo kaRoss)` . Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Kwenziwa kwabanye abantwana kanye nabantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-60 abane-`( Isifo se-Aortic Valve )`. Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa i-`(i-aortic valve)` yakho enesifo bese eyishintsha nge-valve yakho yamaphaphu enempilo. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-valve yamaphaphu evela komunye umuntu ( umnikeli ) ifakwa kuwe. I-valve yakho yamaphaphu iyindawo enhle yokufaka i-aortic valve ngoba isakhiwo nomsebenzi wakho kokubili kufana kakhulu. Yingakho ihlala isikhathi eside.

Ikuphi ngempela le valve yamaphaphu?

Lokhu kungaphakathi kwenhliziyo yakho. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, lokhu kufana nokuxhumana phakathi kwe-ventricle yakho yangakwesokudla nomthambo wamaphaphu, umthambo oyinhloko othwala igazi emaphashini akho. Utholakala ngakwesokudla, futhi phambi kancane, kwe-valve ye-aortic, okungenye i-valve enkulu enhliziyweni.

Iyini isakhiwo, okungukuthi, ukuma, kwevalvu yamaphaphu?

I-valve yamaphaphu inezimbobo ezintathu eziyinhloko noma ama-flap. Ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwalezi zimbobo kulawula ukugeleza kwegazi. Lawa ma-flap amathathu abizwa ngokuthi i-anterior cusp, i-left cusp, kanye ne-right cusp. Lawa ma-flap anamathele eringini yezicubu eqinile kancane, ene-fibrous ebizwa ngokuthi i-annulus. Lapho inhliziyo iphumula (okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sesigaba se-diastolic), lawa ma-flap amathathu ahlangana kahle futhi avale ngokuphelele i-valve. Lokhu kuvimbela igazi ukuthi ligeleze libuyele emuva liye kwi-ventricle yesokudla (ukuphindaphinda).

Yiziphi izifo nezimo ezithinta ivalvu yamaphaphu?

Isifo se-valve yamaphaphu singavela ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Ngokuvamile, lezi yizimo zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho ningaba nalezi zinkinga lapho nizalwa. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile, izinkinga ngale valve zingavela kamuva ekuphileni. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ezinye izimo, njenge -pulmonary hypertension . Ezinye zezimo ezingathinta i-pulmonary valve zifaka:

• I-Pulmonary atresia: Lesi yisimo senhliziyo esiba khona lapho umntwana ezalwa. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ivalvu yamaphaphu yomntwana ingakhuli kahle, noma ukuvuleka kwayo kuvinjiwe yizicubu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi ligeleze liye kwezinye izingxenye zenhliziyo yomntwana. Lokhu kubangelaEkuzalweni, umntwana angase abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ( i-cyanosis ) (okusho amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo).
• I-Tetralogy of Fallot: Lesi futhi yisifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Lesi simo sithinta cishe ingane eyodwa kwezingu-2,500 ezizelwe e-United States. Kulesi simo, ingane inezinkinga ezine enhliziyweni. Esinye salezi zinkinga yi-pulmonary stenosis (ukuncipha kwevalvu yamaphaphu kanye nomthambo omkhulu wamaphaphu). Lesi yisimo esibi ngoba sinciphisa inani legazi elicebile ngomoya-mpilo elijikeleza kuwo wonke umzimba wengane. Izingane ezinalesi simo zizodinga ukuhlinzwa nakanjani.
• I-pulmonary valve stenosis: Lokhu kuwukuncishiswa kwe-valve. Lokhu kuvame ukuba khona lapho kuzalwa. Kuvame ukubonakala nasezinsaneni ezine-Tetralogy of Fallot. Kunezinqubo ezingangenisi kakhulu ezingasetshenziswa ukuvula i-valve njengokwelashwa. Abanye abantu bangadinga futhi ukuthi i-valve ishintshwe. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi umuntu ozelwe ene-valve yamaphaphu enempilo abe ne-pulmonary stenosis kamuva ekuphileni.
• I-valve yamaphaphu engekho: Lesi futhi yisimo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Sithinta cishe ingane eyodwa kwezingu-50,000. Sivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezine-Tetralogy of Fallot. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amapheshana/iziqeshana ze-valve yamaphaphu yomntwana zingekho noma zingakhuli kahle. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ukuvulwa kwe-valve kube mncane (stenosis) futhi igazi livuza emuva (regurgitation). Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi livuza libuyele e-ventricle yesokudla lisuka emthanjeni oyinhloko womntwana liye emaphashini (pulmonary trunk). Lesi simo sidinga nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi.
• Ukubuyela kwe-valve yamaphaphu (pulmonary): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho igazi livuza nge-valve. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu kubantu abadala noma yisifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso. Kungavela nakwabanye abantu abaye bahlinzwa i-Tetralogy of Fallot. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-valve yamaphaphu ingavali ngokuphelele isikhathi ngasinye lapho inhliziyo ishaya. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho inhliziyo iphumula, elinye igazi livuza libuyela emuva kwi-ventricle yesokudla lisuka emthanjeni wamaphaphu. Iningi labantu linezimpawu ezincane. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu eziphakathi noma ezinzima ezidinga ukwelashwa. Uma lolu hlobo lokuvuza luqhubeka isikhathi eside, lungabangela ukuvuvukala nokwehluleka kwe-ventricle yesokudla, kanye nokuvuvukala (i-edema).

Kungenzeka yini ukuphila ngaphandle kwe-valve yamaphaphu?

Cha cha. Ivalvu yamaphaphu iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ethumela igazi emaphashini futhi isize ukuthi igazi lithole umoya-mpilo.Asikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwevalvu esebenza kahle. Izinsana nezingane ezinezimo ezinkulu zevalvu yamaphaphu zingaba nesikhathi sokuphila esifushane uma zingelashwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, uma wena noma ingane yakho ninesimo sevalvu yamaphaphu, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha kanye nesikhathi sokuphila.

Ngingayigcina kanjani ivalvu yami yamaphaphu iphilile?

Izinkinga zama-valve enhliziyo azikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezikhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Kodwa, ngokuvamile, ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo kungasiza kakhulu ekugcineni ama-valve akho nenhliziyo yakho zisebenza kahle. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingasiza:

• Yeka ukubhema, ukubhema i-vaping, kanye nayo yonke imikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele. Cela usizo kudokotela wakho ukuyeka.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala , noma uyeke ngokuphelele.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okunempilo. (Sizoxoxa ngalokhu esihlokweni esihlukile!)
• Vivinya umzimba njalo njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho. Iningi labantu kufanele lenze cishe imizuzu eyi-150 yokuzivocavoca ngamandla aphakathi ngesonto, njengokuhamba.
• Lawula izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Thatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Hlola udokotela okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
• Uma ukhulelwe, qiniseka ukuthi uya emitholampilo efanele yokubelethisa kanye neyokwelapha izifo zabesifazane futhi uthole ukunakekelwa okudingekayo. Ukwenza kanjalo kunganciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa enganeni yakho esanda kuzalwa.

Ukufunda ngesakhiwo senhliziyo yakho ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima, ikakhulukazi uma wena noma ingane yakho nitholakala ninesifo senhliziyo. Kunolwazi oluningi okufanele lufundwe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Akulula ukukhumbula ukuthi yimaphi ama-valve athwala igazi aye kuphi, nokuthi isifo senhliziyo sithinta kanjani ukugeleza kwegazi. Kodwa khumbula, udokotela wakho uhlala ekhona ukukusiza ufunde lezi zinto futhi akunike ulwazi oludingayo. Unganqikazi ukubabuza noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Ngakho-ke, manje usuyaqonda ukuthi i-Pulmonary Valve iyingxenye encane kakhulu, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yenhliziyo yethu. Ifana 'nesango' elilawula ukugeleza kwegazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo kusuka enhliziyweni kuya emaphashini.Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zinkinga zama-valve zizalwa nazo. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zingakhula kamuva ekuphileni. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele kanye nokwelashwa uma unalesi simo. Futhi, ukuphila ngendlela enempilo kusiza ukugcina inhliziyo yethu kanye nala ma-valve kuphilile. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enemibuzo eyengeziwe ngalokhu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela. Kwangathi wonke umuntu angaba nenhliziyo enempilo!