I-Paraquat iyabulala uma idliwa! Ake sifunde kahle ngokudakwa kwe-Paraquat.

Wake wezwa ngemithi yokubulala ukhula? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wayisebenzisa ukususa ukhula engadini yakho. Kodwa-ke, eminye imithi yokubulala ukhula iyingozi kakhulu, futhi ngisho nenani elincane lingasongela impilo. Enye yale mithi yokubulala ukhula i-paraquat. Namuhla sikhuluma ngobuthi be-paraquat. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngalokhu, ngoba ukungazi kungaholela enhlekeleleni enkulu.

Kuyini i-paraquat? Kungani iyingozi kangaka?

Kalula nje, i-paraquat iyi-herbicide enobuthi obukhulu. Yaziwa nangokuthi ``i-Paraquat dichloride''. Ivame ukusetshenziswa abalimi abakhulu ukubulala ukhula noma ukomisa izitshalo ezithile, njengokotini, ngaphambi kokuvuna.

Cabanga nje, le khemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-paraquat inamandla kangangokuthi ngisho nethisipuni elilodwa lingabulala. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa uma lingena ezingutsheni, lingena emehlweni, noma lithinta isikhumba, lingabangela ukugula noma ukufa okukhulu. Ngakho-ke kudingeka lisetshenziswe ngokuqapha okukhulu.

Kuvame kangakanani ukungenwa ubuthi be-paraquat? Ubani osengozini enkulu?

Eqinisweni, ngisho nasemazweni anjengeMelika, inani elincane labantu liyafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yobuthi be-paraquat. Kudingeka sikhathazeke ngalesi simo ezweni lethu futhi. Labo abalima kakhulu futhi mhlawumbe basebenzisa imithi yokubulala ukhula equkethe i-paraquat ekulimeni basengozini enkulu. Futhi, labo abahlala eduze kwezindawo zezolimo lapho kufafazwa khona i-paraquat nabo bangachayeka kulobu buthi ngomoya noma emanzini.

Ngenxa yezingozi zayo, sekubekwe imithetho eqinile yokuthengwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-paraquat. Ngenxa yalokho, inani lobuthi liye lehla ngezinga elithile. Futhi, i-paraquat ethengiswa kwamanye amazwe iye yanezelwa ukuze inike umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iphunga elibi, kanye nento ebangela ukuhlanza uma igwinywa. Lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha zisiza ekutholeni kalula i-paraquat futhi ziyisuse ngokushesha emzimbeni uma igwinywa ngengozi. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangalezi zinyathelo, ingozi ayiqedwa ngokuphelele.

Ziyini izimpawu zobuthi be-paraquat?

Uma i-paraquat ingena emzimbeni, iqala ngokulimaza uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla kanye nokuphefumula. Izimpawu zokuqala zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Ukuvuvukala komphimbo.
• Uhudo (mhlawumbe olunegazi).
• Ukuvuvukala, ukubomvu komlomo noma umphimbo.
• Ukopha ekhaleni.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu.
• Isisu esibuhlungu.
• Ukuhlanza noma ukuhlanza igazi.

Kungakapheli amahora ambalwa lezi zimpawu zivele, leli khemikhali lingasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi libangele izifo ezingathi sína. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-Coma.
• Ukudideka.
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo siyanda.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukushaqeka (umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Uma ubona umuntu onalezi zimpawu ngokuzumayo, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa ye-paraquat bese umyisa esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu kushelwa yi-paraquat?

Ubuthi be-paraquat buvame ukwenzeka lapho umuntu efaka i-paraquat kwesinye isitsha, njengebhodlela lamanzi noma ibhodlela lesiphuzo esibandayo, bese omunye umuntu eyiphuza engazi. Lokhu kuyinto esizwa ngayo njalo ezweni lakithi. Ukungenzi kanjalo kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi uma izinto zingabhalwanga kahle futhi zingagcinwanga ngokuphephile.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, i-paraquat isengakulimaza uma ingena esikhumbeni sakho, ikakhulukazi uma unenxeba, ukuklwebheka, noma ukuklwebheka esikhumbeni sakho. Abanye abantu badla ubuthi ngokuhogela izinhlayiya ezincane ze-paraquat uma zifuthwa noma ngokuzifaka emehlweni abo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Ubuthi be-paraquat abugcini nje ngokuba yingozi, kodwa futhi bungabangela umonakalo ongapheli ezithweni ezibalulekile emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Enhliziyweni.
• Ezinso.
• Esibindini.
• Emaphashini.

Ubukhulu balezi zinkinga buxhomeke ezintweni eziningana.

• Ingakanani i-paraquat engene emzimbeni wakho.
• Indlela ushevu owagwinywa ngayo (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokugwinya, ngokuphefumula, noma ngokuthintana).
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Odokotela bakubona kanjani lokhu?

Uma umuntu osolwa ngokuba nobuthi be-paraquat elethwa esibhedlela, into yokuqala abasabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo noma odokotela abazokubuza yona ukuthi ingakanani i-paraquat edliwe, egwinyiwe, noma ephefumuliwe. Ezimweni eziningi , odokotela bazoqala ukwelapha ubuthi ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulinda imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile, ezifana nalezi:

• Ukushaya kwegazi.
• Izinga lokuphefumula.
• Ukwehla kwe-pulse.
• Izinto ezifana nokushisa komzimba ziyahlolwa.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ukuhlola umonakalo emzimbeni, nokuhlela ukwelashwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo.
• Ukuhlolwa okuhlobene nenhliziyo: ``(EKG)`` (i-Electrocardiogram) noma ``(i-Echocardiogram)``.
• Kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe i-CT scan yesifuba (i-Computed Tomography scan) noma i-X-ray yesifuba ukuze kuhlolwe isimo samaphaphu.
• I-Upper Endoscopy ukuhlolwa okuhlola ingxenye engenhla yomgudu wokugaya ukudla.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha ubuthi be-paraquat?

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekwelapheni ubuthi be-paraquat ukumisa noma ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni. Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo:

Yini oyenzayo kuqala?

• Unganikeza izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi 'i-activated charcoal' noma 'i-Fuller's earth'. Lezi zingavimba umzimba ekumunceni ubuthi obuthile.
• Ukususa izingubo ezidaywe yi-paraquat emzimbeni.
• Kufakwa ipayipi ngekhala esiswini ukuze kususwe i-paraquat esiswini (ukugeza isisu).
• Hlanza isikhumba namehlo angcolile kahle ngamanzi imizuzu embalwa.

Ngemva kokulaliswa esibhedlela?

Ngemva kwalezi zinyathelo zokuqala, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela izinsuku eziningana, noma ngisho namasonto, ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. Ungathola ukwelashwa okufana nalokhu:

• Uma ungakwazi ukuphefumula wedwa, uzosizwa ukuphefumula ngosizo lomshini "wokuphefumula".
• I-Dialysis yenziwa ukusekela ukusebenza kwezinso.
• Ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-hemoperfusion kusetshenziselwa ukususa ubuthi egazini.
• Uketshezi lwe-IV lunikezwa ngemithambo ukuze umzimba ungaphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Imithi inikezwa uma umfutho wegazi uphansi kakhulu noma ezinye izimpawu.

Ingabe ikhona ikhambi eliqondile lalokhu?

Ngeshwa, ayikho ikhambi noma ikhambi eliqondile lokwelapha ubuthi be-paraquat. Odokotela bazama ukukhipha i-paraquat emzimbeni wakho ngokushesha okukhulu, banciphise umonakalo, futhi bakunikeze ukunakekelwa okusekelayo okudingayo ukuze ululame.

Ingabe uyawunikeza umoya-mpilo uma ushevuwe yi-paraquat?

Ngokuvamile, odokotela abaniki umoya-mpilo kumuntu oye wadliswa i-paraquat. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi i-paraquat yamakhemikhali isabela nomoya-mpilo emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke ukwengeza umoya-mpilo owengeziwe emaphashini kungenza ubuthi be-paraquat bube bubi nakakhulu. Lokhu kuyicala elikhethekile, akunjalo?

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngicabanga ukuthi nginoshevu we-paraquat?

Uma wena noma omunye umuntu eke wachayeka ku-paraquat, waphefumula, noma wagwinya, shayela u-1990 (izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo) ngokushesha, noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze. Ungalibali isikhashana.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi izingubo zakho zingcoliswe yi-paraquat, shayela izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha bese wenza okulandelayo:

• Uma kungenzeka, zama ukususa izingubo ngaphandle kokuthinta indawo enobuthi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amagilavu ​​​​noma ithuluzi elinjengezinti.
• Beka izingubo zakho, amagilavu, kanye nemishini esetshenzisiwe esikhwameni sepulasitiki esivalwe kahle, bese ubeka leso sikhwama kwesinye isikhwama sepulasitiki esivalwe kahle.
• Bese ugeza kahle, ufake insipho emzimbeni wonke bese ugeza ngamanzi.

Ngisho nalapho wenza lezi zinto, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Ingabe liyoba khona ikhambi lalesi simo? Liyini ikusasa?

Abanye abantu bayasinda ekufakweni kwe-paraquat, ikakhulukazi uma inani elidliwayo lincane futhi bethola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abantu abasinda ekufakweni kwe-paraquat, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi baphathwa kahle kangakanani. Kuya ngenani elidliwayo, ukuthi bathola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke.

Ungazivikela kanjani ekubuthisweni yi-paraquat?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ubuthi be-paraquat ukulandela ngokuqinile iziqondiso nemithethonqubo ephathelene naleli khemikhali. Isibonelo, iziqondiso ezikhishwe yizinhlangano ezifana ne-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) zisho okulandelayo (lokhu kungashintshwa ukuze kuhambisane nezwe lethu futhi):

• Ukuze usebenzise i-paraquat, kumele ube nelayisensi efanele kanye nokuqeqeshwa .
• Leli khemikhali lingasetshenziswa kuphela emapulazini ezentengiselwano. Alikwazi ukusetshenziswa emakhaya, ezindaweni zabantu, noma ezindaweni zokuhlala.
• Leli khemikhali kufanele ligcinwe esitsheni sokuqala, esinophawu olufakwe kuso. Kufanele futhi ligcinwe livaliwe futhi livalwe kude nabanye abantu abangalifinyelela.

Kalula nje, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha eziphezulu kakhulu lapho ubhekene nemithi yokubulala ukhula eyingozi kangaka.

Ngingayinakekela kanjani impilo yami ngemva kokusebenzisa ubuthi be-paraquat?

Abanye abantu abasinda ebuthi be-paraquat balulama ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, abanye bangase babe nezinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside. Ngaphambi kokuba uphume esibhedlela, udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ozodinga ukuqhubeka nazo (isib. imithi, i-dialysis yangaphandle).

Kubalulekile ukuya kuzo zonke izikhathi zokubona udokotela wakho azinikeze udokotela wakho. Futhi, uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha noma izinkinga zempilo, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Khumbula, uma usola ngisho nokuncane ukuthi uke wachayeka ku-paraquat, ungalindi bese ucela usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizothatha izinyathelo zokususa ubuthi emzimbeni wakho ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa umonakalo. Ngakho-ke ungalibali!

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngobuthi be-paraquat. Okokugcina, nazi izinto ezibalulekile okudingeka uzikhumbule:

• I-Paraquat iyi-herbicide enobuthi kakhulu futhi ebulalayo. Ngisho namanani amancane angasongela impilo.
• Ubuthi bungenzeka ngokugwinya ngengozi, ukuthintana nesikhumba, noma ukuphefumula. Imbangela evame kakhulu yokulimala ukufakwa kwamanye amabhodlela.
• Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula , funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Akukho ikhambi eliqondile lalokhu. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kanye nokunakekelwa okusekelayo kubalulekile.
• Ukuvimbela kungcono kakhulu. Sebenzisa, gcina, futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa ngokungadingekile amakhemikhali ayingozi njenge-paraquat ngokuphephile.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Ukuqaphela lezi zinto kuzosiza kakhulu ekuzivikeleni wena nabathandekayo bakho.

I- Paraquat, ubuthi, ukhula lwezitshalo, izimpawu, usizo lokuqala, ukuphepha, ukulima