Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi ukuganga kwengane yakho kukhulu kakhulu? Abahlali bathule, abalaleli, balwa njalo, banenkani kakhulu... Ingabe lokhu kumane nje kuyindlela yokuziphatha evamile yobuntwana, noma kukhona okudingeka sikunake ngokukhethekile? Uma ingane yakho inezinkinga zokunaka, okungukuthi, i-ADHD, kungenzeka ukuthi nayo inezinye izimo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi yi-comorbidities. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu kulezi yi-ODD, okusho ukuthi i-oppositional deficient disorder. Eqinisweni, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi izingane ezine kweziyishumi ezine-ADHD nazo zingase zibe ne-ODD. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.
Kuyini i-ADHD kanye ne-ODD?
Kalula nje, lezi yizinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zezimo ezibonakala ezinganeni.
I-ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) yisifo sobuchopho esingaqhubeka size sibe mdala. Ingane ene-ADHD ingaba nezinkinga eziningana eziyinhloko.
- Ukunganaki : Ukungakwazi ukugxila entweni eyodwa isikhathi eside.
- Ukungahlaliseki: Ukuthambekela kokungahlaliseki nokugijima njalo.
- Ukuziphatha okuphoqelekile: Ukwenza izinto ngokuphazima kweso, ngaphandle kokucabanga ngemiphumela.
I-ODD ( Oppositional Defiant Disorder ) iyinkinga yokuziphatha etholakala kakhulu ebuntwaneni. Ingane ene-ODD ngokuvamile:
- Ukungasebenzi ngokubambisana (Ukungasebenzi ngokubambisana).
- Unenkani, uyaphikelela.
- Ulaka (i-Agr ESS ive).
Kulula ukudideka lezi zimo ezimbili ngoba ezinye zezimpawu zazo ziyafana. Kodwa izimbangela zivame ukuhluka . Isibonelo, i-ADHD ikakhulukazi isifo esibangelwa ufuzo . Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini enaso, ingane yakho inamathuba amaningi okuba naso. Izingane ezine-ADHD zinobunzima obukhulu bokulawula ukuziphatha kwazo.
Kodwa i-ODD ivame ukuba yinkinga efundwayo noma ekhula ngokushesha. Uma ingane ihlale ithukuthele, iphikisana nabantu abadala, ibhubhisa izinto, noma ilimaze abanye ngamabomu, lokhu kungase kuhlobane nokuziphatha okungafanele.
Ukufana kanye nezimpawu zalezi zimo ezimbili
Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, izinguquko zamakhemikhali ebuchosheniLokhu kungaholela ekuziphatheni okungalawuleki, okungahleliwe, noma okunolaka. Zombili lezi zimo zivame kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazane.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukuze udokotela axilonge noma iyiphi yalezi zimo, ingane kumele ibe nezimpawu ezifanele okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha njalo .
Ngokuvamile, abazali bangase balahle lezi zindlela zokuziphatha ngokuthi “ukuhlukumeza kwasebuntwaneni.” Kodwa-ke, izingane ezinalezi zimo azilulami kulesi “sikhathi” kalula njengezinye izingane. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu zingase zinciphe njengoba zikhula, ikakhulukazi uma isimo singesibi kangako. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingane, lezi zindlela zokuziphatha azipheli.
Bheka ithebula elingezansi ukuze uhlukanise ngokucacile futhi uqonde izimpawu zalezi zimo ezimbili.
| Izimpawu ze-ADHD | Izimpawu ze-ODD |
|---|---|
| Ukungakwazi ukugxila entweni eyodwa | Ukuthukuthela kakhulu njalo |
| Ukuphazamiseka kalula | Ukuphikisana njalo nabantu abadala |
| Ukwenza amaphutha ngokunganaki | Ukwenqaba ukwenza lokho okushiwo abantu abadala |
| Ukukhohlwa izinto | Ukuhlala ngibuza imibuzo futhi ngingayamukeli imithetho nemigomo |
| Ubunzima bokuhlela umsebenzi | Ukwenza izinto zokucasula noma zokucasula abanye |
| Ukungakwazi ukuhlala uthule, ukuhambahamba njalo | Ukusola abanye ngamaphutha akho |
| Ukuphazamisa abanye ngenkathi bekhuluma, bekhuluma kakhulu | Ukuthukuthela kalula ngenxa yabanye |
| Ukwenza ngokuphamazela ngaphandle kokucabanga ngemiphumela | Ukuthukuthela, ukukhuluma kabi noma kabi, ukuzama ukuziphindiselela |
Lezi zimpawu zingaholela ekuzethembeni okuphansi , ubunzima bokwenza nokugcina abangane, kanye nokusebenza kabi esikoleni.
Ngakho-ke yimiphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili?
Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi ku-ADHD, ingane inenkinga yokunaka futhi iyasebenza ngokweqile . Ku-ODD, ingane inenkani, ithukuthele, futhi inenkani .
Kunezinye izinguquko ezimbalwa:
- Ubudala: Izimpawu ze-ADHD zivame ukuvela ngaphambi kokuba ingane ibe neminyaka eyi-12 ubudala . Ezinye izingane zingaqala zineminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ze-ODD zingavela ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-8 , futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi sobuntwana.
- Isizathu: I-ADHD ivame ukuba yi-genetic . Okusho ukuthi, yinto eyenzeka emndenini. Khumbula, i-ADHD ayibangelwa ukukhulisa izingane kabi noma ukusebenzisa kakhulu i-TV/ucingo. Kodwa ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi i-ODD iyinkinga yokukhula noma into efundwayo . Okusho ukuthi, ingane ingalingisa ukuziphatha okubi, njengokujeziswa okungahambisani noma okunzima okuvela kwabanye, njengabazali noma othisha. Ngezinye izikhathi, bangenza kanjalo ukuze badonsele ukunaka kwakho.
Lezi zimo zihlolwa futhi zelashwa kanjani?
Akukho ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokuxilonga noma iyiphi yalezi zimo. Uma ingane yakho ibonisa lezi zimpawu isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wengane yakho .
Udokotela uzoqala ahlole ukuze abone ukuthi izimpawu zibangelwa yini esinye isifo somzimba, ingozi, noma imiphumela emibi yemithi. Uma imbangela yomzimba ingatholakali, ingane izothunyelwa kudokotela wezifo zengqondo noma kudokotela wengqondo ogxile empilweni yengqondo yengane nentsha.
Bazobheka ukuziphatha kwengane ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo ezikhethekile kanye nemibuzo bese benikeza ukuxilongwa okunembile.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Uma ingane yakho itholakala inazo zombili lezi zimo, udokotela wakho angase ancome inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kwabazali: Abazali bafundiswa indlela yokuqinisa ubuhlobo babo nengane yabo kanye nendlela yokuphatha ukuziphatha kwengane yabo. Lena yindlela yokuqala yokwelapha. Ibafundisa indlela yokudumisa ukuziphatha okuhle kwengane yabo kanye nendlela yokungayinaki ukuziphatha okubi.
- Ukwelashwa Komndeni: Njengoba isimo sengane sithinta wonke umndeni, wonke umuntu emndenini angasekelana ngokuhlanganyela ekwelulekeni ndawonye.
- Ukusekelwa kwesikole: Ungakhuluma nesikole futhi uthole ukwesekwa ingane yakho ekudingayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithetho ecacile kanye nemivuzo yokuziphatha okuhle.
- Imithi: Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi imithi ye-ADHD (njenge-'psychostimulants') iyasebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu lapho lezi zimo ezimbili zihambisana. Lokhu kungandisa isikhathi sokunaka kwengane futhi kunciphise ukuziphatha okungekuhle nokunolaka. Imithi ayilona ikhambi, kodwa ingasiza ekwenzeni impilo yansuku zonke yengane ibe lula. Uma ubona noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma ingane yakho ikhombisa izimpawu ze-ADHD kanye ne-ODD, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu . Ungalibali ukufuna usizo.
- Nakuba lezi zimo zingaqhubeka zize zibe sebudaleni, ukwelashwa okufanele kungalawula izimpawu futhi kusize ingane iphile impilo ephumelelayo.
- Njengabazali, qaphelani ngangokunokwenzeka ngalokhu. Kuzosiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yengane yenu kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwenu nengane yenu.
- Uma uzizwa unesizungu noma ucindezelekile phakathi nalolu hambo, joyina amaqembu okusekela abazali abaye baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo . Kuzokunika amandla amakhulu.
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