Ochwepheshe bathi kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi umuntu one-ADHD abe nesinye noma ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi abangazange batholakale bene-ADHD beseyizingane bagcina bebona udokotela ngenxa yezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo lapho sebekhulile bese bethola ukuthi bane-ADHD. Ngakho-ke uma une-ADHD, kodwa futhi unezimpawu ezifana nentukuthelo evame ukuvela, ukucasuka, ukuthambekela kokuqamba amanga kalula, ukuthambekela kokungazwelani nabanye, kanye nokuthambekela kokungazinaki izindinganiso zomphakathi, kunengqondo ukukhathazeka kancane ngokuthi ungase ube nazo zombili lezi zimo.
Iyini ngempela i-ADHD?
Kalula nje, i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) yisimo sempilo yengqondo esithinta ikhono lakho lokunaka, ukuhlala ugxile, nokucabanga ngaphambi kokuba wenze okuthile. Ngokuvamile siqala ebuntwaneni. Kodwa cishe kubantu abangu-65%, lesi simo singaqhubeka baze babe badala.
Njengoba ukhula, izimpawu zakho ze-ADHD zingashintsha noma zinciphe kancane. Isibonelo, ungase ufunde ukulawula ukuxhamazela kwakho ezindaweni ezithile zomphakathi.
Izimpawu ze-ADHD ziwela ezigabeni ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukunganaki, ukusebenza ngokweqile , kanye nokungacabangi. Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-ADHD, lezi zimpawu kumele ziqale ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-12 futhi ziqhubeke okungenani izinyanga eziyi-6. Lezi zimpawu kumele zithinte nezindawo ezingaphezu kweyodwa empilweni yakho (isib. ekhaya nasesikoleni/emsebenzini).
Ithebula elingezansi libala ezinye zezimpawu abantu abadala abangase bazibone uma bene-ADHD.
| Izimpawu ze-ADHD Zabantu Abadala | |
|---|---|
| • Ubunzima bokuqeda umsebenzi uma usuqalile. | • Ubunzima bokugxila entweni eyodwa. |
| • Ukuzizwa ungakhululekile ngaso sonke isikhathi. | • Ukukhuluma kakhulu ngesikhathi. |
| • Ukwehla kokuzithiba. | • Ukukhohlwa izinto njalo. |
| • Ubunzima bokugcina izithembiso. | • Ukwenza izinqumo ngokunganaki. |
| • Ukungakwazi ukuphatha isikhathi. | • Ukungakwazi ukukhetha ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze kuqala. |
| • Izinguquko ezisheshayo esimweni sengqondo (ukushintshashintsha kwesimo sengqondo). | • Ukuzenyeza. |
| • Ukuhlehlisa umsebenzi. | • Ukucasuka kalula. |
Ngakho-ke iyini le nkinga yobuntu obungenandaba nabantu (ASPD)?
I-Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) yisimo sempilo yengqondo esibangela abantu ukuba baziphathe ngezindlela ezingaphandle kwalokho okulindeleke kubo, futhi ezingathinta phakathi kuka-1% no-4% wabantu.
Abantu abane-ASPD baphula imithetho, baxhaphaza abanye, balimaze abanye, futhi baziphatha ngokunganaki nangokunganaki. Benza konke lokhu ngaphandle kokuzizwa benecala noma bezizwa benecala.
Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-ASPD, umuntu kumele okungenani abe neminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Futhi, kumele ukuthi ubeziphethe kabi kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engu-15. Lokhu kuziphatha akukwazi ukubangelwa yi -schizophrenia noma i-bipolar disorder.
Abantu abane- ASPD babonisa okungenani izici ezintathu kwezilandelayo ezibonisa ukuntuleka kwenhlonipho ngamalungelo abanye abantu.
- Ukwephula imithetho.
- Ukuqamba amanga njalo noma ukusebenzisa abanye ukuze kuzuze wena.
- Ukwenza izinqumo ezingacabangi futhi ezingenangqondo.
- Ukuthukuthela kalula noma ukuba nolaka.
- Ukuziphatha ngokunganaki nangokuyingozi.
- Ukusebenza ngokunganaki.
- Ukungabonisi ukuzisola ngokwenza okubi kwabanye noma ukuthethelela izenzo zakho.
Ingabe i-ADHD ne-ASPD zingahlala ndawonye?
Yebo, kunjalo impela. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi cishe abantu abadala abangu-90% abane-ADHD banesinye noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo .
Eqinisweni, i-ASPD ingenye yezifo zengqondo ezivame kakhulu ezenzeka kanye ne-ADHD. Ucwaningo olulodwa lubonise ukuthi amadoda ane-ADHD anamathuba amaningi okuba ne-ASPD kunabesifazane.
Ezinye izimo zengqondo ezivamile ezingahambisana ne-ADHD zifaka:
- Izinkinga zokukhathazeka
- Ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa
- Izinkinga zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa
- Izinkinga zokuziphatha
- Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
- Izinkinga zolimi
Ingabe izimpawu ze-ADHD ne-ASPD ziyahambisana?
Yebo, lokhu kuvame ukuba njalo. I-ADHD kanye ne-ASPD zombili zinezici ezihambisana "nokungakhathali," ngakho-ke lezi zimo ezimbili zingahlangana. Kodwa kunomehluko endleleni lokho kungaziphathi kahle okuzibonakalisa ngayo.
Bheka manje...
| Ukungaqiniseki okubonakala ku-ADHD | Ukungacabangi okubonakala ku-ASPD |
|---|---|
| • Ukuphazamiseka kalula. | • Ukuziphatha ngokunganaki noma ngokulimaza. |
| • Ubuthakathaka ekuhleleni kanye nokungakwazi ukuhlela umsebenzi. | • Ukwephula imithetho ngaphandle kokucabanga ngemiphumela. |
| • Ukushayela ngendlela eyingozi. | • Ukungawenzi ngokuphelele umsebenzi. |
| • Ukwehla kokuzithiba. | • Ukulimaza abanye, ukweba, noma ukwenza ubugebengu nokungabonisi ukuzisola . |
| • Ukukhuluma kakhulu. | • Ukusola abanye ngamaphutha abo. |
Umehluko omkhulu ukuthi abantu abane-ASPD benza ngamabomu nangokuqhubekayo ngezindlela ezilimaza abanye futhi ababonisi ukuzisola. Bathethelela izenzo zabo noma basole isisulu. Bangase baqambe amanga, bebe, noma benze ubugebengu ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Ingabe i-ADHD ibangela i-ASPD? Kuyini ukuxhumana?
Nansi into ebalulekile. I-ADHD ayibangeli i-ASPD. Lokho akusho ukuthi umuntu one-ADHD uzoba ne-ASPD.
Kodwa-ke, izifundo eziningi zithole ukuthi ingane ene-ADHD ebuntwaneni isengozini enkulu yokuthola i-ASPD lapho isikhulile.
Ochwepheshe abakaqondi kahle ukuthi kungani i-ADHD iyingozi kakhulu ku-ASPD. Futhi, akukho ucwaningo okwamanje mayelana nokuthi ukwelapha i-ADHD ebuntwaneni kunganciphisa yini ingozi yokuthola i-ASPD kamuva ekuphileni.
Umphatha kanjani umuntu onalezi zimo zombili?
Ukwelapha umuntu one-ADHD kanye ne-ASPD kungaba nzima kancane. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi uma umuntu enezinkinga ezimbili zempilo yengqondo, isimo "esibuthakathaka" kufanele siphathwe kuqala.
Kulesi simo, lokho kusho ukuthi udokotela wakho anganquma ukwelapha i-ADHD ngaphambi kwe-ASPD. Lokho kwelashwa kungafaka:
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT) ngqo kwe-ADHD: Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde amaphethini akho okucabanga futhi ufunde izindlela zokuwashintsha. Kungakusiza futhi ukuthuthukisa amakhono nemikhuba oyidingayo ukuze uphathe izimpawu zakho.
- Izinto Ezivuselelayo: Izidakamizwa ezifana ne-dexamphetamine, i-methylphenidate, kanye ne-modafinil.
- Imithi engavuseleli ukuvuvukala:Lezi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezifana nokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka okungase kwenzeke nge-ADHD, kanye nezikhuthazi, kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha izikhuthazi. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izikhuthazi zokucindezeleka, njenge-atomoxetine, i-clonidine, kanye ne-guanfacine.
Ukuphatha izimpawu ze-ASPD, udokotela wakho angase asebenzise:
- Ukwelapha ngengqondo noma ukwelashwa ngokukhuluma.
- Imithi: Lawula izimpawu ezifana nolaka kanye nokungacabangi kahle ngemithi yokucindezeleka, imithi yokwelapha ingqondo, imithi yokuvimbela ukuquleka, kanye nezinto eziqinisa imizwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye ochwepheshe bathi ukudlala imidlalo, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokuzibandakanya emisebenzini evuselelayo eyandisa i-adrenaline kungasiza ekulawuleni imicabango enamandla kakhulu (emihle noma emibi).
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Abantu abane-ADHD banamathuba amaningi okuba nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo, futhi i-ASPD ingenye yalezo zimo.
- I-ADHD ayibangeli i-ASPD. Kodwa-ke, i-ADHD imane nje iyisici esiyingozi sokuthuthukisa i-ASPD. Ngakho-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu one-ADHD ozoba ne-ASPD.
- Njengoba izimpawu zazo zombili lezi zimo zifana, zingadideka. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ofanelekayo ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile kunokuzihlola wena.
- Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ezifana neze-ASPD, ungesabi futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngakho. Kunezindlela zokwelapha zombili lezi zimo.
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