Sivame ukuxoxa ngezifo ezahlukahlukene, kodwa ezinye izimo zempilo zihlobene kakhulu nemicimbi yomlando. Namuhla, sifuna ukuxoxa ngendaba edabukisayo kakhulu ehlobene nento ebizwa ngokuthi i-Agent Orange. Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe leli gama ngaphambili, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda umthelela omkhulu elibe nawo ezigidini zabantu. KwaNirogi Lanka , sikholelwa ekubalulekeni kokwaziswa ngezinsongo zempilo yemvelo eziqhubeka zithinta izizukulwane.
Kuyini i-Agent Orange?
Kalula nje, i-Agent Orange iyi-herbicide enamandla kakhulu . Yasetshenziswa amasosha ase-US phakathi kuka-1962 no-1971 ngesikhathi seMpi yaseVietnam. Inhloso yabo kwakuwukubhubhisa amahlathi aminyene nezitshalo lapho amabutho esitha ayecasha khona. Ukuze kubekwe lokhu endaweni efanele, cishe amalitha ayizigidi ezingu-11 e-Agent Orange afuthwa endaweni engaba amahektha ayizigidi ezingu-20 eVietnam phakathi naleso sikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, lapho kuvela ubufakazi mayelana nemiphumela yaso ebhubhisayo nebulalayo empilweni yabantu, i-United States yakuvimbela ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwalesi sibulali-zinambuzane ngo-1971. Ngeshwa, ngaleso sikhathi, umonakalo ongenakulungiseka wawusuvele wenziwe.
Bangaki abantu abachayeke kule khemikhali enobuthi?
Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuthola inani eliqondile labantu abathintekile. Kodwa-ke, izilinganiso zisikisela ukuthi cishe amasosha aseMelika ayizigidi ezintathu akhonza eVietnam, kanye nezakhamuzi zaseVietnam ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu , cishe abhekene naleli khemikhali. Leli zinga lokuchayeka liqokomisa inhlekelele enkulu yempilo yomphakathi eyadalwa yileli khemikhali.
Yiziphi izimpawu zokuchayeka kwe-Agent Orange?
Umthelela waleli khemikhali uyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Nakuba abanye bengase babe nezimpawu ezincane, abanye bangaba nezinkinga zempilo ezinzima, zesikhathi eside. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene nokuchayeka:
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| I-Chloracne | Isimo sesikhumba esibi esibonakala ngokuba nezinduna ezingapheli kanye nama-blackheads ahlala njalo. |
| Ukutheleleka Okuvamile | Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka esibangela izifo ezivame ukwenzeka kanye nokutholakala kalula kwezifo. |
| Ukuba ndikindiki ezithweni zomzimba | Ukuzwa ukuqaqamba, ukubhoboza izinaliti, noma ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni nasezinyaweni. |
| Ukukhathala Okuqhubekayo | Ukukhathala okukhulu noma ukukhathala okungathuthuki ngokuphumula. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. |
| Ukuvuvukala (Ukuvuvukala) | Ukuvuvukala okubonakalayo, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni nasemaqakaleni. |
| Ukuthuthumela | Ukuthuthumela noma ukuthuthumela okungavamile emisipheni, ngisho noma uphumule. |
Yiziphi izimo zempilo ezimbi ezihambisana nalokhu?
Imiphumela yezempilo yokuchayeka ku-Agent Orange ijulile. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala kuthole izimo ezingu-14 ezihlobene, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo olwenziwa yiNirogi Lanka kanye nezikhungo zezempilo zomhlaba wonke luyaqhubeka nokuqinisekisa uhla olubanzi lwezifo ezingathi sína.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, le miphumela yezempilo ingabonakala eminyakeni noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka ngemva kokuchayeka kokuqala . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi ukuchayeka kungathinta izizukulwane ezilandelayo, okuholela ekuzalweni okungathi sína ezinganeni zalabo abachayeka.
Lokhu okulandelayo ngezinye zezimo zezempilo ezaziwayo:
- Umdlavuza:
- Umdlavuza wesinye
- I-leukemia yamaseli e-B
- I-Hodgkin lymphoma
- I-myeloma eminingi
- I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Umdlavuza we-prostate
- Umdlavuza wokuphefumula (isib. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu)
- I-sarcoma yezicubu ezithambile
- Ezinye Izimo Ezibucayi:
- I-AL amyloidosis
- I-Chloracne (isimo sesikhumba esibi kakhulu)
- Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2
- I-Hypothyroidism
- Isifo senhliziyo esibangelwa yi-Ischemic
- Isifo sikaParkinson kanye neParkinsonism
- I-peripheral neuropathy
- I-Porphyria
- Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa, ukuphuphuma kwesisu, kanye nokukhubazeka kokukhula.
I-Agent Orange ibangela kanjani le miphumela?
Umshayeli oyinhloko walezi zingozi zempilo umkhiqizo otholakala ku-Agent Orange owaziwa ngokuthi i-Dioxin . I-Dioxin iyikhemikhali enobuthi kakhulu, ehlala njalo eyakhiwa ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwemithi ethile yokubulala ukhula. Iyingozi kakhulu kubantu, ezilwaneni kanye nasemvelweni.
Uma ingena emzimbeni wakho, i-Dioxin ingaphazamisa izitho zakho ezibalulekile, ukusebenza kwamaseli, amasosha omzimba, kanye nokulinganisela kwama-hormone. I-Dioxin ihlukaniswa njenge-carcinogen enamandla.
Ubukhulu bomthelela banda ngenxa yokugxila okuphezulu okwasakazeka ngesikhathi sezingxabano zangaphambilini. Ngisho nanamuhla, ifa lokudalulwa liyaqhubeka lithinta abantu ezindaweni ezithintekile.
Ingena kanjani emzimbeni womuntu?
- Ukuphefumula uthuli noma umusi onobuthi.
- Ukungenisa ukudla noma amanzi angcolile.
- Ukuthintana kwesikhumba nokumuncwa kwaso ngokusebenzisa ungqimba lwesikhumba.
- Ukungena ngamehlo, ngomlomo, noma ngezilonda zesikhumba ezivulekile.
Ziphathwa kanjani lezi zimo?
Akukho "khambi" elilodwa lokuchayeka ku-Agent Orange. Izinhlelo zokuphatha kanye nokwelashwa zenziwe ngokwezifiso kakhulu, zigxile esimweni esithile sempilo oye watholakala unaso. Uma ubhekene nezimpawu eziphathelene nalesi sifo, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho noma uvakashele isibhedlela esiseduze nawe ngokushesha. Uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha, shayela u-911 noma izinsizakalo eziphuthumayo zasendaweni.
- Ngomdlavuza: Ukwelashwa kungafaka phakathi ukususwa kwezimila ngokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe.
- Uma uzalwa unezinkinga:Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe izinkinga zesakhiwo.
- Ezimweni ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma i-Parkinson's: Ukuphathwa kwemithi okuqondiwe.
- Ukugcina ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, udokotela wakho nguyena kuphela ongahlola isimo sakho futhi anqume uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele kakhulu kuwe. Ukwelashwa okusebenza kumuntu oyedwa kungase kungafaneleki komunye.
Isifundo esibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu ukuqonda ukuthi amakhemikhali anobuthi akhishwa endaweni esizungezile angadala kanjani umonakalo wesikhathi eside empilweni yabantu.
Ngakho-ke, uma ubhekene nezimpawu eziningi okukhulunywe ngazo kulesi sihloko (njengokukhathala okuqhubekayo okungachazeki, ukungazweli ezithweni zomzimba, noma ukutheleleka njalo) isikhathi eside, sicela ungakhathazeki buthule. Xhumana nodokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko sochwepheshe.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzithathe (eNirogi Lanka)
- I-Agent Orange yayiyi-herbicide enobuthi kakhulu eyayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi seMpi yaseVietnam.
- Ikhemikhali i-Dioxin etholakala kuyo ihlotshaniswa nezifo ezimbi, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza.
- Imiphumela yezempilo yokuchayeka ingavela eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.
- Ukuvezwa kwabazali kungaholela ezifweni zokuzalwa ezinzima ezinganeni zabo.
- Nakuba lokhu kungahlobene ngqo neSri Lanka, kusebenza njengesikhumbuzo esibalulekile sendlela ukungcola kwemvelo okungalimaza ngayo impilo yabantu.
- Uma unezimpawu ezingachazeki zesikhathi eside, ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha kubalulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa)
💬 Iyini i-Pirfenidone (Esbriet) esetshenziswa ukwelapha?
Lona umuthi okhethekile. Uyindlela yokwelapha enamandla yokulwa ne-fibrotic esetshenziselwa i-'Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)', isimo esibi lapho amaphaphu eba nezibazi noma "aqine" ngezizathu ezingaziwa, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Kuyasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqhubeka kwezibazi zamaphaphu.
💬 I-Esbriet isebenza kanjani uma amaphaphu eqina?
Ku-IPF, ama-fibroblast asabela ngokweqile futhi adale i-collagen eningi, okubangela izibazi zamaphaphu (i-fibrosis). Lo muthi uvimba iphrotheni ethi 'TGF-beta', ekhombisa umzimba ukuthi ukhiqize i-collagen. Ngokuvimba lesi siginali, kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokukhula kwezicubu zezibazi zamaphaphu.
💬 Kungani ukuzwela kwe-photosensitivity kuyindaba ekhathazayo nge-Pirfenidone?
Lo muthi ungenza isikhumba sakho sizwele kakhulu emisebeni ye-UV. Ngisho nokuchayeka elangeni isikhathi esifushane kungaholela ekushisweni yilanga noma ekuqubukeni okukhulu, ngakho-ke ukugqoka i-sunscreen kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela kubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungabangela ukucindezeleka kwesibindi; uma ulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla, isicanucanu, noma i-jaundice (ukukhanya kwesikhumba/amehlo), xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
