Sonke sikhuluma ngezifo, kodwa kunezifo ezithile ezihlotshaniswa nezenzakalo ezithile zomlando. Enye indaba edabukisayo kangaka yi-Agent Orange, esikhuluma ngayo namuhla. Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe leli gama ngaphambili. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngomthelela elaba nawo ezimpilweni zabantu abayizigidi.
Iyini le Agent Orange?
Kalula nje, i-Agent Orange iyi-herbicide enamandla kakhulu . Yasetshenziswa amasosha aseMelika ngesikhathi seMpi yaseVietnam kusukela ngo-1962 kuya ku-1971. Umgomo wabo kwakuwukubhubhisa ngokuphelele ihlathi eliminyene nezihlahla lapho amabutho esitha ayecashe khona. Cabanga, ngalesi sikhathi, amalitha ayizigidi ezingu-11 e-Agent Orange afafazwa endaweni engamahektare angaba yizigidi ezingu-20 eVietnam.
Kodwa ngemva kokuvela kobufakazi bezingozi zayo, okungukuthi imiphumela yayo ebulalayo kubantu, i-United States yakuvimbela ngokuphelele ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwalesi sibulali-zinambuzane ngo-1971. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, umonakalo wawusuvele wenziwe.
Bangaki abantu abachayeke kule khemikhali ebulalayo?
Eqinisweni, akekho owaziyo ukuthi bangaki abantu abathintekile. Kodwa-ke, izilinganiso zisikisela ukuthi cishe amasosha aseMelika ayizigidi ezintathu ayekhonza eVietnam ngaleso sikhathi kanye nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu ababehlala eVietnam kungenzeka ukuthi babechayeke kule khemikhali. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi lokhu kwakubhubhisa kangakanani.
Yiziphi izimpawu zokuchayeka ku-Agent Orange?
Imiphumela yale khemikhali iyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Nakuba abanye abantu beba nezimpawu ezincane, abanye baqala ukugula okungathi sína kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Induna ebusweni | I-acne enzima, ikakhulukazi enama-blackheads. |
| Ukutheleleka okuvamile | Ukugula kanye nokutheleleka okuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa yobuthakathaka besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. |
| Ukuba ndikindiki ezithweni zomzimba | Umuzwa wokuthuthumela ezandleni nasezinyaweni, umuzwa ofana nezintuthwane ezigijimayo, noma umuzwa wokukitaza. |
| Ukukhathala okukhulu (Ukukhathala) | Ukukhathala ngokweqile kanye nokukhathala ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula | Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. |
| Ukuvuvukala komzimba (i-Edema) | Ukuvuvukala, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni nasemaqakaleni. |
| Ukuthuthumela kwemisipha (Ukuthuthumela) | Imisipha efana namalungu iyathuthumela ngisho nalapho iphumule, okungukuthi, imane imile. |
Yiziphi izifo ezinkulu ezingabangelwa yilokhu?
Izinkinga zempilo ezibangelwa ukuchayeka ku-Agent Orange zimbi kakhulu. Nakuba kwatholakala izifo ezingu-14 kuphela ekuqaleni, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kunezifo eziningi ezihlotshaniswa nayo.
Into eyingozi kakhulu ngalokhu ukuthi le miphumela ingavela ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi yokudalulwa. Futhi, ngenxa yemiphumela lokhu okunayo kubazali, ngisho nezingane ezizelwe zaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zokuzalwa .
Uhlu olungezansi luqukethe ezinye zezifo ezitholakele.
- Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza:
- Umdlavuza wesinye
- I-leukemia yamaseli e-B
- I-Hodgkin lymphoma
- I-myeloma eminingi
- I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Umdlavuza we-prostate
- Umdlavuza wohlelo lokuphefumula (isib. umdlavuza wamaphaphu)
- I-sarcoma yezicubu ezithambile
- Ezinye izifo ezinkulu:
- I-AL amyloidosis - ukwakheka kweprotheni engajwayelekile ezithweni zomzimba.
- I-Chloracne - isifo sesikhumba esibi kakhulu.
- Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2
- I-Hypothyroidism - ukwehla kokusebenza kwe-thyroid gland.
- Isifo senhliziyo esibizwa nge-Ischemic - Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
- Isifo sikaParkinson kanye neParkinsonism
- I-peripheral neuropathy
- I-Porphyria - isifo esithinta isikhumba kanye nesimiso sezinzwa.
- Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa, ukuphuphuma kwesisu, kanye nokukhula okungavamile kombungu.
I-Agent Orange inazo kanjani lezi ziphumo?
Umsuka wakho konke lokhu kubhujiswa yikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-dioxin equkethwe ku-Agent Orange. I-Dioxin iyinto enobuthi kakhulu eyakheka lapho kushiswa i-chlorine, i-carbon, ne-hydrogen. Iyingozi kakhulu kubantu, ezilwaneni nasezitshalweni.
Uma i-dioxin ingena emzimbeni, ilimaza izitho zethu ezibalulekile, amaseli, amasosha omzimba kanye nesistimu yama-hormone. I-Dioxin iyingozi kakhulu kumdlavuza .
Imiphumela yanda kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kwafafazwa inani eliphindwe ka-20 kunelinconywe ngumenzi endaweni ezungezile. Imiphumela yalokhu isabonakala nanamuhla kwezinye izingxenye zaseVietnam naphakathi kwalabo abahlanganyela empini.
Lokhu kwenzeke kanjani kubantu?
- Ngokuphefumula umusi onobuthi.
- Ngokuphuza ukudla noma amanzi angcoliswe yikhemikhali.
- Ngokuthintana nobuso besikhumba nokumuncwa emzimbeni ngesikhumba.
- Amakhemikhali asemoyeni angena emzimbeni ngamehlo, ngomlomo, noma emanxebeni esikhumba.
Ziphathwa kanjani lezi zimo?
Akukho ukwelashwa okukodwa kwemiphumela yokuchayeka ku-Agent Orange. Ukwelashwa kuncike esimweni esithile umuntu anaso.
- Ukususwa kwezimila ngokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza .
- Ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe izinkinga zokuzalwa .
- Ukuhlinzeka ngemithi yezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye ne-Parkinson's .
- Ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wakho uzokuhlola bese enquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Ukwelashwa okusebenza komunye umuntu kungase kungasebenzi komunye.
Isifundo esibaluleke kakhulu esingasifunda kule ndaba ukuthi umonakalo wesikhathi eside, wezizukulwane ezahlukene ungabangelwa kanjani kubantu ngamakhemikhali anobuthi akhishwa emvelweni.
Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu ezingaphezu kweyodwa ezishiwo kulesi sihloko (isib. ukukhathala ngokweqile ngaphandle kwesizathu, ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni nasezinyaweni, ukutheleleka njalo) ngesikhathi esisodwa nesikhathi eside, ungakhathazeki ngakho futhi ngokushesha ubone udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko .
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Agent Orange iyi-herbicide enobuthi kakhulu esetshenziswa ngesikhathi seMpi yaseVietnam.
- Ikhemikhali equkethwe lapha yi-dioxin, ebangela izifo eziningi ezimbi, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza.
- Imiphumela yokuchayeka kule khemikhali ingabonakala ngisho nangemva kweminyaka eminingi.
- Lokhu kungathinta abazali futhi kubangele ngisho nokukhubazeka okukhulu kokuzalwa ezinganeni zabo.
- Nakuba lokhu kungahlobene ngqo neSri Lanka, kuyisifundo esibaluleke kakhulu esisifundisa ngomonakalo obangelwa ukungcola kwemvelo empilweni yabantu.
- Kubalulekile njalo ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unezimpawu ezingachazeki nezihlala isikhathi eside.
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo eyengeziwe (ama-FAQ)
💬 Ama-capsule/amaphilisi e-Pirfenidone (Esbriet) ayimithi ekhethekile kakhulu enikezwa yisiphi isifo?
Lona akuwona umuthi ojwayelekile! Lona umuthi onamandla kakhulu futhi obiza kakhulu wokulwa ne-fibrotic emhlabeni onganciphisa izinga lokuqhekeka kwamaphaphu kanye nokwehluleka kwamaphaphu kulesi sifo esibulalayo esibizwa ngokuthi 'Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)', okuyisifo lapho amaphaphu ethu eba nezibazi/amanxeba futhi singakwazi ukuphefumula (ukuminyana) ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo!
💬 Uma amaphaphu eminyene, ukuthatha la maphilisi (i-Esbriet) kuwasiza kanjani amaphaphu ukuba alulame?
Uma amaphaphu ethu elimele, amangqamuzana e-fibroblast ayangena futhi enze i-collagen, ebangela izibazi, kodwa ku-IPF, lawo maseli ayahlanya futhi abulale wonke amaphaphu. Uma leli philisi lingena emaphashini ethu, livimba/livala ngokuphelele iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-TGF-beta (okuyilokho okutshela umzimba ukuthi wenze i-collagen). Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu izinga lezibazi emaphashini.
💬 Kungani abantu abasebenzisa lo muthi (i-Pirfenidone) betshelwa ukuthi bangaphumi elangeni (i-Photosensitivity)? Yiziphi izingozi?
Inkinga enkulu ukuthi uma uthatha leli philisi, isikhumba sakho siba nomuzwa omkhulu 'welanga (imisebe ye-UV)' (i-Photosensitivity)! Ngisho noma uphuma elangeni isikhashana, isikhumba sakho sizosha njengomlilo (Ukushiswa yilanga) futhi sishiye amanxeba amakhulu (ngakho-ke i-sunscreen nezingubo ezivaliwe kubalulekile). Futhi, lokhu kungabangela ukulimala okukhulu kwesibindi kanye nokugula (ama-Enzymes esibindi aphezulu), ngakho-ke uma uba ne-jaundice ngenxa yesicanucanu/ukuhlanza, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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