Ingabe unesifo sikashukela? Noma ingabe ilungu lomndeni noma umngane ubhekene nalesi simo? Khona-ke cishe uyazi ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukulawula 'ushukela wegazi', okungukuthi, izinga likashukela egazini. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sizama kangakanani, lingaphuma ekulawuleni. Ngakho-ke, kwenzekani ngempela lapho lokho kwenzeka? Ingabe lokhu kuyinto engathathwa kalula? Ake sixoxe ngalesi sihloko esibaluleke kakhulu namuhla.
Kusho ukuthini lokhu kulahlekelwa ukulawula ushukela egazini?
Kalula nje, lokhu kusho ukuthi amazinga kashukela egazini lakho aphezulu kakhulu noma aphansi kakhulu, okuyinto eyingozi.
Cabanga ngakho, amangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu adinga amandla ukuze asebenze. Uphethiloli oyinhloko wala mandla yi-glucose, okungushukela. Sithola le glucose ekudleni esikudlayo, ikakhulukazi ukudla okuqukethe ama-carbohydrate (ama-starches). Uma sidla, umzimba wethu ukhiqiza i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-insulin . Le insulin isebenza njengesihluthulelo esivula umnyango wokuthi i-glucose ingene emaseli.
Umuntu onesifo sikashukela unenkinga ngale nqubo. Kumuntu onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, umzimba awukhiqizi i-insulin eyanele. Kumuntu onesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umzimba ukhiqiza i-insulin, kodwa amaseli awasabeli kahle kuyo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu zombili, ushukela uyanqwabelana egazini futhi amazinga ayakhuphuka.
Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini angalawulwa isikhathi eside angaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo. Lokhu kuyinto okufanele icatshangelwe ngabantu abanesifo sikashukela nabangenaso.
Yimaphi amazinga kashukela egazini angaba yingozi?
Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngqo ukuthi izinga likashukela egazini elinempilo lingakanani kuwe, kodwa ngokuvamile, masiqaphele amazinga angaba yingozi kumuntu onesifo sikashukela.
| Isimo | Izinga likashukela egazini (mg/dL) | Incazelo |
|---|---|---|
| Ushukela ophezulu egazini (i-Hyperglycemia) | Kungaphezu kuka-180 mg/dL (amahora ama-2 ngemva kokudla) | Leli izinga okufanele ukhathazeke ngalo. Uma izinga liphezulu, ingozi iba nkulu. |
| Ushukela ophansi egazini (i-Hypoglycemia) | Ngaphansi kuka-70 mg/dL | Leli futhi yizinga okudingeka licatshangelwe. |
| Izinga eliphezulu lengozi (eliphezulu) | Ngaphezu kuka-600 mg/dL | Lesi yisimo esingasongela impilo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. |
| Izinga eliphezulu lengozi (eliphansi) | Ngaphansi kuka-40 mg/dL | Lokhu kungasongela impilo futhi kudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. |
Kuzwakala kanjani uma ushukela wegazi uphezulu (i-Hyperglycemia)?
Ungase ungaboni umehluko omkhulu uma ushukela wakho wegazi uphezulu. Kungathatha izinsuku noma amasonto ukuthi izimpawu zivele. Izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Ukuzizwa womile kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
- Umbono ofiphele
- Isidingo sokuphuza njalo
- Ukuzizwa ulambile kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu
- Ukwenzeka njalo kwezifo zesikhumba
- Amanxeba athatha isikhathi ukuphola.
Ushukela ophansi egazini (hypoglycemia) uzizwa kanjani?
Uma uthatha i-insulin noma eminye imithi yokwehlisa ushukela, usengozini yokuba noshukela wegazi ophansi. Izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu izinto ezifana nokuzivocavoca umzimba, ukungadli ngesikhathi, nokuphuza utshwala. Lesi simo singavela ngisho nakubantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela. Izimpawu zifaka:
- Ukuzizwa sengathi umzimba wakho uyathuthumela
- Ubuthakathaka , ukujuluka
- Ukukhathazeka , ukuphelelwa yithemba
- Ukuzizwa ulambile kakhulu
- Ukukhathala ngokweqile
- Ukuzizwa udidekile , ujikeleza, noma ujikeleza
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, ukuphuza okuthile okunoshukela omncane (isiphuzo sezithelo, isiphuzo esimnandi) noma ukuthatha iphilisi le-glucose kunganikeza impumuzo.
Izinkinga ezenzeka uma ushukela egazini ungalawulwa isikhathi eside
Lokhu akuwona umdlalo ngempela. Ukuba namazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini isikhathi eside kungakuthinta kusukela ekhanda kuye ozwaneni.
- Isifo Senhliziyo/Ukuhlasela: Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi kwandisa ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
- Isifo sohlangothi: Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi eholela ebuchosheni kungabangela ukukhubazeka.
- Ukulimala Kwezinso: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinso zingase zingasebenzi.
- Ukulimala Kwezinzwa: Lokhu kungabangela ukungazweli, ubuhlungu, kanye nokulahlekelwa umuzwa ezithweni.
- Ukulimala Kwamehlo: Ukubona kungase kuphazamiseke futhi kungase kube nokungaboni.
- Izinkinga Zesikhumba: Kungase kube nokutheleleka kwesikhumba kanye namanxeba angapholi.
Kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha nini?
Amazinga kashukela aphezulu naphansi egazini ayizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Uma engelashwa ngokushesha, angaholela ekulahlekelweni yingqondo (i-diabetic coma). Uma umazi umuntu onesifo sikashukela ongaqondi, myise ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
Qaphela ikakhulukazi lezi zimo ezimbili eziphuthumayo ezilandelayo.
| Isimo Esiphuthumayo | Incazelo kanye nezici |
|---|---|
| I-Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) | Uma i-insulini ingekho eyanele, amangqamuzana awakwazi ukusebenzisa ushukela. Umzimba ube usushisa amafutha ukuze uthole amandla. Lokhu kukhiqiza amakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi ama-ketone . Lawa ayanqwabelana egazini, okwenza igazi libe ne-asidi futhi angaba yingozi empilweni. Izimpawu: Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuhlanza, ukukhathala okukhulu, iphunga lomoya elifana nezithelo, isikhumba esomile, ukoma okukhulu. |
| I-Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) | Lapha, izinga likashukela egazini likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka- 600 mg/dL . Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu. Izici:Ukoma ngokweqile (okungase kuphele kamuva), umkhuhlane, ukozela, ukudideka, ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, ukulahlekelwa umbono, ukubona izinto ezingekho. |
| Wenzani ngezikhathi ezinje? | |
Uma izinga likashukela egazini lakho lingaphezu kuka-240 mg/dL, sebenzisa umucu wokuhlola i-urine ketone. Uma izinga liphakathi noma liphezulu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Uma unezimpawu ze-DKA noma i-HHS, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) ngaphandle kokungabaza. | |
Zingagwenywa kanjani lezi zimo eziyingozi?
Lokhu akuyona into ongayenza wedwa. Kuyinto wena, umndeni wakho, kanye nodokotela wakho okudingeka niyenze ndawonye.
- Sebenza eduze nodokotela wakho: Babuze kahle ukuthi yimiphi imigomo yakho kashukela egazini, ukuthi wenzeni uma iphansi kakhulu, nokuthi wenzeni uma ugula. Landela imiyalelo yabo kahle.
- Hlola amazinga kashukela egazini lakho njalo: Hlola amazinga kashukela egazini lakho izikhathi eziningana ngosuku njengoba udokotela wakho ekutshela. Ngobuchwepheshe obusha obutholakalayo namuhla, kukhona ngisho namadivayisi alinganisa amazinga kashukela egazini ngokuqhubekayo (Ama-Continuous Glucose Monitors).
- Sebenzisa imithi yakho njengoba nje uyalelwe: Thatha i-insulin noma eminye imithi ngesikhathi esifanele, ngesilinganiso esifanele. Ukweqa noma ukuphuza imithi eminingi kakhulu kuyimbangela yezimo eziningi eziphuthumayo.
- Funda ngomzimba wakho: Qonda ukuthi izinto ezifana nokudla okudlayo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba okwenzayo, kanye nokucindezeleka kuthinta kanjani amazinga kashukela egazini lakho. Ngemuva kwalokho ungalungisa ngokufanele.
- Qaphela ukudla kwakho: Yazi ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okwandisa ushukela egazini nokuthi yikuphi ukudla okulawulayo (isib. ukudla okune-fiber eningi). Ukudla ngesikhathi nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Kokubili amazinga kashukela egazini aphezulu (hyperglycemia) kanye naphansi (hypoglycemia) ayingozi kakhulu.
- Amazinga kashukela egazini angalawulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi angaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso, isifo sohlangothi, ukulimala kwemizwa, kanye nobumpumputhe.
- Hlala uqaphele izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zoshukela ophezulu nophansi egazini (njengokoma, ukuthuthumela, ukubona okufiphele).
- Ezimweni eziphuthumayo njenge-DKA kanye ne-HHS, kubalulekile ukuya e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Phatha kahle isifo sikashukela sakho. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho, hlola ushukela wegazi lakho njalo, thatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe, bese uphila impilo enempilo.
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