Ingabe nawe unemibuzo mayelana ne-cholesterol? Ake sixoxe ngakho konke kalula!

Cishe uke wezwa igama elithi 'cholesterol' kaningi uma uya emtholampilo noma lapho umuntu omdala ekhaya ekhuluma, akunjalo? Abanye abantu bayayesaba kakhulu, kanti abanye abayiqondi ngempela. Iyini ngempela i-cholesterol? Kungani kufanele sikhathazeke kangaka ngayo? Namuhla, ake siqonde konke lokhu kalula, njengokungathi sikhuluma nomngane.

Iyini ngempela i-cholesterol?

Kalula nje, i-cholesterol iyinto enamafutha efana ne-wax ekhiqizwa ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu. Ikhiqizwa kakhulu yisibindi sethu. Sithola futhi i-cholesterol kokunye kokudla esikudlayo. Eqinisweni, i-cholesterol ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba.

Cabanga ngemizimba yethu njengendlu. I-cholesterol ifana nodaka olukhethekile olusetshenziselwa ukwakha izindonga zale ndlu. Wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu aqukethe i-cholesterol emaqabungeni awo, okuhlanganisa amaseli asebuchosheni bethu, ezinzwa, emisipheni, esikhumbeni, esibindini, emathunjini, ngisho nasenhliziyweni. Ngakho-ke, i-cholesterol ibalulekile emzimbeni.

Ngakho-ke kungani kufanele sesabe kangaka i-cholesterol?

Inkinga iqala, njenganoma yini enye, lapho i-cholesterol iba phezulu kakhulu emzimbeni. Uma lokho kwenzeka, usengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola izifo ezifana nezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Njengoba nje ipayipi lamanzi livaleka ngodaka nokugqwala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho i-cholesterol ikhula, iqala ukwakheka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi liye ezinhliziyweni zethu. Kwezokwelapha, i-cholesterol ikhula ngale ndlela, okuyilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis . Lapho imithambo yegazi ivaleka ngale ndlela, inani legazi nomoya-mpilo okufinyelela enhliziyweni liyancipha. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yezimo eziyingozi njengobuhlungu besifuba, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye nohlangothi .

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-cholesterol "enhle" ne "embi"?

Uma ubheka umbiko we-cholesterol, uzobona ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili: i-LDL ne-HDL. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.

• I-LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) I-Cholesterol: Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-cholesterol "embi". Njengomuntu olala emgwaqweni, le cholesterol ye-LDL yiyo ezibeka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi bese iyivala. Uma izinga le-LDL liphezulu, kulapho ingozi yesifo senhliziyo iba phezulu khona.

• I-HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) I-Cholesterol: Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-cholesterol "enhle". Njengeloli likadoti, i-HDL isusa i-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL eqongeleleke emithanjeni yegazi bese iyibuyisela esibindini. Ngakho-ke uma izinga le-HDL liphezulu, kungcono kithi.

Amazinga e-cholesterol kufanele abe njani?

Odokotela batusa ukugcina izinga lakho le-cholesterol lingaphansi kuka-200 mg/dL. Kodwa awukwazi ukwenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe enombolweni eyodwa kuphela. Udinga ukubheka isithombe sonke.

• I-cholesterol ye-LDL ("embi"): Ngaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL kuhle kakhulu. Phakathi kuka-130-159 kuphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kuka-190 kuyingozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, nezinye izifo.
• I-cholesterol ye-HDL ("enhle"): Uma lokhu kuphakeme, kungcono. I-60 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu ilungile kakhulu. Noma yini engaphansi kwama-40 iyisici esiyingozi sesifo senhliziyo.
• Ama-Triglycerides: Lolu olunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini. Kungcono ukuwagcina ngaphansi kuka-150 mg/dL. Uma engaphezu kuka-200, ukwelashwa kungadingeka.

Yini ongayenza ukuze wehlise i-cholesterol?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi singenza ibanga elide ekulawuleni amazinga ethu e-cholesterol ngokwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila. Nazi ezinye izinto esingazenza:

• Ukudla okuhle:
• Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, amafutha kanye ne-cholesterol (isib. inyama ebomvu, amasoseji, i-pizza, ibhotela, ukudla kobisi okunamafutha amaningi) ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Susa isikhumba ezintweni ezifana nenkukhu bese usidla.
• Pheka ukudla ngokubilisa, ukubilisa, ukugrila, noma ukuphekela ngomusi kunokuba ukuthose.
• Faka izithelo eziningi, imifino, kanye namakhambi ekudleni kwakho.
• Uma udla isinkwa nelayisi, khetha ezenziwe ngokusanhlamvu okuphelele (isib. ilayisi likakolweni ophelele, i-urad dal, ufulawa we-atta).

• Ukuzivocavoca:
• Yenza okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuzivocavoca ngosuku okukwenza ujuluke futhi kukhuphule izinga lokuphefumula. Izinto ezifana nokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, ukugibela ibhayisikili, nokubhukuda zonke zinhle kakhulu.
• Okubalulekile: Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole iseluleko ngokuthi yikuphi ukuvivinya umzimba okufanele futhi okuphephile kuwe.

• Ezinye izinto:
• Uma ukhuluphele kakhulu, zama ukunciphisa isisindo .
• Uma ubhema, yeka ngokushesha. Ukubhema kwehlisa i-cholesterol "enhle" ye-HDL futhi kulimaza imithambo yegazi.
• Uma unemithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho, yiphuze njengoba uyalelwe, ngesikhathi esifanele, nangesilinganiso esifanele.

Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswa ukwehlisa i-cholesterol?

Uma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zodwa zingalawuli amazinga akho e-cholesterol, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi. Eminye yemithi evame ukusetshenziswa yile:

• Izinhlobo zama-statin
• I-Ezetimibe
• Izithibi ze-PCSK9
• Ama-resin e-Bile-acid
• I-Niacin
• Ama-Fibrate

Uneminyaka emingaki okufanele uqale ngayo ukuhlola i-cholesterol yakho?

Ukuqongelela kwe-cholesterol emithanjeni yegazi (i-atherosclerosis) kuyinto eyenzeka kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunaka amazinga e-cholesterol yakho usemncane .

Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi uhlolwe i-cholesterol yakho kanye phakathi kweminyaka engu-9 no-11, uphinde futhi phakathi kweminyaka engu-17 no-21. Kuwukuhlakanipha ukuthi uhlolwe i-cholesterol yakho ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nesifo senhliziyo esemncane, noma uma unomlando womndeni we-cholesterol ephezulu .