Ingabe uzizwa udidekile noma udidekile? Ake sixoxe ngesimo sengqondo esishintshile (i-AMS)!

Ingabe wena noma othile omaziyo nike nazizwa niphambene kancane, ningafani nhlobo? Ngezinye izikhathi bayawahlambalaza amazwi abo, abakhumbuli ukuthi bangobani noma ukuthi bakuphi, noma baqale ukwenza ngendlela exakile. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi, 'isimo sengqondo esishintshiwe' noma, njengoba odokotela bekubiza kanjalo , 'isimo sengqondo esishintshiwe' (AMS) . Lokhu akusona isifo esithile, kodwa ushintsho olukhulu ekusebenzeni kwengqondo yethu olungenzeka ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene ezithinta ubuchopho bethu. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kulungile?

Kuyini ngempela i-Altered Mental Status (AMS)?

Kalula nje, i-Altered Mental Status (AMS) yisimo lapho ubuchopho bakho bungasebenzi kahle. Lokhu kungabangelwa yisifo, ukulimala ngokomzimba, noma ukulimala ekhanda. Lokhu kungabangela izinguquko ekuqondeni kwakho, ekuqondeni, ekuziphatheni, ngisho nasekuhambeni. Cabanga ngakho njengenkinga yesofthiwe yekhompyutha eyeka ukusebenza kahle.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Altered Mental Status (AMS)?

Singabona lesi simo (i-AMS) ngezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ngayinye yalezi zinezici ezihlukile.

1. Ukuphambana kwengqondo

Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo nesiphuthumayo. I-Delirium iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Kulokhu, umuntu angase adideke, adideke, futhi aziphathe ngendlela engavamile. Cabanga ngogogo wakho osekhulile ngokungazelelwe engakuboni wena noma abantu abamzungezile, bese eqala ukumemeza. Kodwa ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi ngokwelashwa okufanele, lesi simo singalapheka ngokuphelele.

2. Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo kancane kancane (i-Dementia)

I-Dementia yisifo esiqhubekayo esithinta inkumbulo nokucabanga, futhi singaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yansuku zonke. Sivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, abantu bangase bakhohlwe ukuthi bangobani, bakuphi, nokuthi bangobani abathandekayo babo. Kungaba isimo esidabukisayo.

3. Isifo sengqondo

Okwesithathu yi-Psychosis. Kulokhu, umuntu akakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweqiniso nephupho. Angase abone futhi ezwe izinto ezingekho, abe nemibono engavamile, futhi azizwe esola. Lokhu kungabangelwa izifo ezithile noma imiphumela yemithi ethile. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kungazwakala sengathi usezweni lamaphupho.

Kungani lokhu (i-Altered Mental Status - AMS) kwenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

Esimweni esifana ne-dementia, kuwukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kokuqwasha kuye ngohlobo lwesifo. Kodwa ezimweni zokuqala ngokuzumayo kwe-AMS njengokuphambana kwengqondo noma ukugula ngengqondo, inkinga kunoma yisiphi isimiso somzimba wethu ingaba yimbangela. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko.

Izinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi

Ubuchopho bethu bulawula konke ngathi. Ngakho-ke uma kunenkinga ngobuchopho, ithinta ngqo ingqondo yethu.

• Ukopha ngaphakathi ebuchosheni (Ukopha): Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yengozi noma esinye isizathu.
• Isimila sobuchopho : Lokhu futhi kuyimbangela enkulu yokushintsha kwengqondo.
• I-Hepatic encephalopathy : Lesi simo senzeka lapho isibindi singasebenzi kahle futhi imfucuza ingena ebuchosheni.
• Ukwanda kwengcindezi ngenxa yokuqongelela koketshezi ebuchosheni (i-obstructive hydrocephalus): Lesi futhi yisimo esibi kakhulu.
• Ukuquleka : Abanye abantu bangase bahlale bedidekile isikhashana ngemva kokuquleka.
• Isifo sohlangothi : Lokhu kungenzeka lapho igazi liyeka ukunikezwa ebuchosheni noma lapho umthambo wegazi uqhuma.

Izinkinga ze-Metabolic

Lesi simo (i-AMS) singase senzeke uma ibhalansi yamakhemikhali emzimbeni wethu iphazamiseka.

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni : Ungase uzizwe womile kakhulu futhi uzizwe unesizungu lapho umzimba wakho uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, futhi ungase udideke.
• I-Hypothermia : Lokhu kungenzeka uma umzimba ubanda kakhulu.
• Ukwehla kwamazinga omoya-mpilo egazini (i-Hypoxemia): Lokhu kungabangelwa ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• I-Hypoglycemia : Lesi yisimo esivamile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Abantu bangase baqale ukujuluka ngokuzumayo, bathukuthele, baze balahlekelwe nayingqondo.
• Ukwehla kwamazinga e-sodium egazini (i-Hyponatremia)
• Ukwehla kwamazinga e-calcium egazini (i-Hypocalcemia)
• I-Hypothyroidism : Lokhu kungathinta inkumbulo kancane kancane.

Imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile (Ukusabela okubi emithini kadokotela)

Eminye imithi esiyiphuzayo yezifo ingabangela noshintsho engqondweni njengomphumela ongemuhle.

• Imithi yokulwa nokuquleka
• Eminye imithi elawula ukuqaqamba kwemisipha (i-Anticholinergics)
• Uhlobo lomuthi `(Corticosteroids)`
• Imithi yokudambisa ubuhlungu
• Amaphilisi okulala

Okubalulekile: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthatha muphi umuthi, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile engqondweni yakho ngemva kokuwuthatha, kufanele utshele udokotela ngokushesha.

Izifo

Ezinye izifo emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi uma ziba zimbi kakhulu, zingathinta ubuchopho futhi zishintshe ingqondo.

• Ukutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTIs): Lapho abantu, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile, beba nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo, bangase bathukuthele ngokuzumayo futhi balahlekelwe ukuqonda. Lokhu kuvame ukuba imbangela yokulahlekelwa ukuqonda ngokuzumayo kumuntu omdala.
• I-Encephalitis : Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zobuchopho.
• I-MeningitisI-Meningitis: Ukutheleleka kwezicubu ezimboze ubuchopho nomgogodla.
• I-pneumonia : Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu nakho kungase kube kubi kakhulu.

Ezinye izimbangela

Kunezinye izizathu ngaphandle kwalokhu.

• Ukushaqeka okukhulu (isb., ukushaqeka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo)
• Izimpawu zokuhoxa ngenxa yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa noma utshwala noma ukuyeka
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-Altered Mental Status (AMS)?

Uma ingqondo yomuntu ishintsha, angabhekana nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko.

Izinguquko emsebenzini wokuqonda kanye nokuqwashisa

• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo okunciphile noma okuphelele (i-Coma)
• Ukudideka, ukudideka kwengqondo
• Ukudideka ( ukungakwazi ukubona indawo, isikhathi, noma abantu )
• I-Amnesia nezinye izinkinga zememori
• Ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho (i-Hallucinations)
• Izinkolelo ezingavamile, ezingamanga (Ukukhohlisa)
• Inkulumo iba yinto engenamsebenzi, amagama axubene
• Ukuphuza ukuphendula imibuzo nokuphendula

Cabanga nje uma umngane wakho engazelele ukukubona, engakwazi ukuphendula lapho umbuza ukuthi usuku lwakhe belunjani, futhi amazwi akhe engenangqondo. Yilokho okufana nakho.

Izinkinga zesimo sengqondo kanye nempilo yengqondo

• Ukucasuka nokucasuka
• Ukwesaba okungadingekile, ukukhathazeka
• Ukucindezeleka, ukulahlekelwa isithakazelo kunoma yini
• Ukuqhuma kwemizwelo , njengokuqhuma kwemizwelo ngokuzumayo, ukukhala, njll.
• Ukuzizwa ujabule ngendlela engavamile ngaphandle kwesizathu (Euphoria)
• Ukuzihlukanisa nabantu , ukuzama ukuhlala kude nabanye
• Ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile

Izimpawu ezengeziwe zesimo sengqondo esishintshile

• Ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukukhathala `(Ukukhathala)`
• Ukungahlaliseki, ukungahlaliseki, ukungakwazi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukushoda kokuphefumula `(Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula)`

Lesi simo (i-AMS) sitholakala kanjani?

Uma umuntu elethwa esibhedlela eguqukile engqondweni, into yokuqala odokotela abayenzayo ukuzama ngokushesha ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu. Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zivivinyo zenziwa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo.

Odokotela bahlela ukuhlolwa kwakho ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho kanye nobunzima bazo. Okokuqala, babuza wena (noma othile onayo uma ungakwazi ukukhuluma) ngezimo zakho zezokwelapha kanye nemithi. Bese benza ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo ngokomzimba. Babheka okulandelayo:

• Umoya: Hlola ukuthi ivuliwe yini futhi isesimweni esihle.
• Ukuphefumula: Ukulalela amaphaphu nge-stethoscope.
• Ukujikeleza kwegazi: Kuhlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuntuleka kwemizwa: Ukuhlola ukuntuleka kwemizwa, njengokulahlekelwa ukwazi noma ukukhubazeka kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa komzimba wonke (Ukuchayeka): Ukuhlolwa kusukela ekhanda kuye ozwaneni kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe amanxeba, amabhandeji, njll.

Yini enye oyihlolayo?

Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa kokuqala, kuzodingeka kwenziwe ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukuze kutholakale imbangela eqondile yesimo se-AMS.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi : Lokhu kungabona izinto eziningi, njengokutheleleka, amazinga kashukela, amazinga kasawoti, kanye nokusebenza kwesibindi.
• I-CT scan : Ingathola izinto ezifana nokopha ebuchosheni, izimila, kanye nohlangothi.
• I-X-ray yesifuba : Ukuhlola izifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-pneumonia.
• I-ECG : Bheka ukungalingani kwenhliziyo.
• I-EEG : Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho, okusiza ekuxilongeni izimo ezifana nokuquleka.
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo : Thola ngezinto ezifana nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo.
• Ukuhlolwa koshukela egazini : Hlola ukuthi awunayo yini i-hypoglycemia.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-AMS?

Ukwelashwa kwe-AMS kuncike ngqo esimweni sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo esibangele yona kanye nohlobo lwe-AMS.

Ukunikeza izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Uma kungenxa yokutheleleka, kuzonikezwa ama-antibiotic afanele.
• Uma kungenxa yomphumela omubi womuthi, umuthi uzoshintshwa noma uyekwe.
• Uma ushukela egazini uphansi (i-hypoglycemia), kunikezwa umjovo we-glucagon .
• Uma kukhona ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni (ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni), kunikezwa usawoti (uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni).
• Uma uphuza izidakamizwa ngokweqile (isib. ama-opioid), uzonikezwa umuthi wokudambisa (isib. i-Naloxone).
• Uma kuyisifo sokuwa, bakunikeza imithi yokukuqeda .
• Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kunikezwe imithi yokwelapha ukucindezeleka kwengqondo noma imithi yokwelapha ukucindezeleka kwengqondo.
• Uma kukhona ukopha noma ingcindezi ebuchosheni, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe.
• Uma kungekho umoya-mpilo owanele egazini, kunikezwa umoya-mpilo owengeziwe.

Ingabe Isimo Sengqondo Esishintshiwe (i-AMS) singavinjelwa?

Ezinye izimbangela, njenge-dementia, kunzima ukuthi sizivimbele ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi ye-AMS evela kwezinye izimbangela eziningi.

• Uma unezifo ezingamahlalakhona njengesifo sikashukela, isifo sokuwa, noma isifo se-thyroid, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula lezi zifo.
• Thatha umuthi onikezwe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi esifanele nangesilinganiso esibekiwe. Ungalokothi wandise noma wehlise umthamo noma uthathe umuthi onikezwe omunye umuntu.
• Ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa noma utshwala ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela. Kungcono ukuzigwema.

Kunjani ukuphila ne-(AMS)? Ingabe ikhona ikhambi?

Uma ushintsho ekuqondeni lubangelwa ukuphambana kwengqondo noma ukugula ngengqondo, izimpawu zivame ukuphela ngemva kokwelashwa futhi umuntu uyalulama ngokushesha. Ungabuyela empilweni yakho evamile ngemva kwesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho futhi uthole ukuhlolwa njalo, njengoba lesi simo singaphinde sibuye. Isibonelo, uma i-AMS ibangelwa yi-hypoglycemia, kufanele uhlole amazinga kashukela egazini lakho njalo futhi ulilawule.

Kodwa-ke, ngezimo ezifana ne-dementia, yize ukwelashwa kungalawula izimo ezisongela impilo (isib. ukutheleleka), inkumbulo kanye nokusebenza kobuchopho kuyaqhubeka nokwehla kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokusiza lezo ziguli zilondoloze izinga elihle lokuphila.

Khumbula, Isimo Sengqondo Esishintshiwe (i-AMS) siwushintsho ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Kungaba okwesikhashana, kodwa kungaba yingozi empilweni ngokushesha. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Amaphuzu amafushane okufanele uwakhumbule

I-Altered Mental Status (AMS) esikhuluma ngayo akuyona into elula. Kungushintsho ekusebenzeni okuvamile kobuchopho bethu.

• Lesi simo (i-AMS) singabangelwa yizizathu eziningi, okuhlanganisa izifo ezahlukahlukene, ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba, izingozi, kanye nemithi.
• Ukusangana, i-Dementia, kanye ne-Psychosis yizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zalokhu.
• Izimpawu eziningi zingabonakala, njengokudideka, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukuziphatha okungavamile, kanye nokukhuluma okungacacile.
• Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungokwesikhashana futhi kungelapheka ngokwelashwa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yingozi empilweni.
• Ngakho-ke, uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nalezi zimpawu zokushintsha kwengqondo, kungcono ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Yilokho okungcono kakhulu ongakwenza. Ukungathuki, kodwa ukwenza ngokushesha kungavimbela umonakalo omkhulu.

Isimo Sengqondo Esishintshile, i-AMS, Ukuqonda Okushintshile, Izinkinga Zobuchopho, Ukuphambana Kwengqondo, I-Dementia, I-Psychosis, Iseluleko Sezokwelapha, Izinkinga Zengqondo, Ukudideka Kwengqondo