Ingabe kukhona umuntu emndenini wakho, mhlawumbe umama wakho, ubaba, noma ugogo, umkhulu, onesifo i-Alzheimer's? Uma lokho kwenzeka, kuvamile kakhulu ukuzizwa ukwesaba okukhulu nokukhathazeka, uzibuza, "O, ngizosithola lesi sifo nami?", "Ingabe lokhu kuyinto eyenzeka emndenini?" Ososayensi basazama ukuthola imbangela eqondile yesifo i-Alzheimer's. Kodwa into eyodwa icacile, futhi ukuthi lesi sifo sihlobene nezakhi zofuzo zethu. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuxhumana phakathi kwesifo i-Alzheimer's nezakhi zofuzo zethu.
Ake siqale sibone, ziyini lezi zakhi zofuzo?
Kalula nje, izakhi zofuzo ziyimidwebo eyakha futhi ilawule imizimba yethu. Njengemidwebo oyidwebayo ngaphambi kokwakha indlu. Umbala wamehlo akho kanye nokuthungwa kwezinwele zakho akubonisi nje kuphela ukuthi usengozini yokuthola izifo ezithile, kodwa futhi kunquma ukuthi usengozini yokuthola izifo ezithile.
Sithola la ma-gene kubazali bethu. Agcinwa ezintweni ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-chromosome ngaphakathi kwamaseli omzimba wethu. Umuntu ophilile unezimbili zala ma-chromosome, noma angu-46 esewonke. Ngokuvamile, sithola elilodwa kubhangqa ngalinye, elilodwa kumama wethu nelinye kubaba wethu. Ngakho-ke yileyo ndlela esithola ngayo izici zabazali bethu.
I-Alzheimer's kanye nezakhi zofuzo eziqala ngasekupheleni
Uma kukhulunywa ngesifo i-Alzheimer's, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Uhlobo olulodwa oluvame kakhulu, oluvame ukwenzeka ngemva kweminyaka engu-65. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Late-Onset Alzheimer's.
Abacwaningi bathole isakhi sofuzo esanda ingozi yokuthola lolu hlobo lwesifo se-Alzheimer's. Sitholakala ku-chromosome yethu 19. Lesi sakhi sofuzo sibizwa ngokuthi i-APOE gene . Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalesi sakhi sofuzo se-APOE. Phakathi kwazo, umuntu onesakhi sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-APOE4 usengozini enkulu kancane yokuthola isifo se-Alzheimer's kunezinye. Lokhu kuqinisekiswe yizifundo eziningi ezenziwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Kodwa nansi into okudingeka uyiqonde. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-gene ye-APOE4 ozothola i-Alzheimer's. Futhi, abantu abangenayo le gene nabo bangayithola le nkinga. Lokho kusho ukuthi lokhu kuyisici esiyingozi kuphela, futhi akukho siqinisekiso esingu-100% sokuthi uzoyithola le nkinga.
Ake sixoxe nge-Alzheimer's yasekuqaleni
Lolu olunye uhlobo lwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Akuvamile kakhulu. Kulokhu, izimpawu zivela ebuntwaneni, njengaseminyakeni yama-30, yama-40, noma yama-50 . Ngenxa yokuthi sivame ukuthinta amalungu amaningana omndeni, sibizwa nangokuthi isifo i-Alzheimer's yomndeni esiqala ekuqaleni.
Abacwaningi abaye bahlola i-DNA yemindeni enjalo bathole ukuthi inezinguquko ezithile ezakhiweni zofuzo kuma-chromosome 1, 14, kanye no-21. Lezi zinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo yizona ezibangela ukuba bahlakulele lesi sifo besebancane.
I-Down syndrome kanye ne-Alzheimer's
Lapha sidinga ukukhuluma ngqo nge-chromosome 21. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Down syndrome. Banekhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome 21 kunomuntu ojwayelekile. Ngokumangalisayo, njengoba abantu abane-Down syndrome bekhula, abaningi babo baba nesifo se-Alzheimer's. Amangqamuzana abo obuchopho nawo abonisa umonakalo ofanayo obonakala ezigulini ezine-Alzheimer's. Ososayensi basacwaninga ngokuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili.
Ithebula elingezansi lingachaza kabanzi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-Alzheimer's.
| Uhlobo lwe-Alzheimer's | Ubudala Obuthintekile | Isixhumanisi Sezakhi Zofuzo |
|---|---|---|
| Isifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala sekwephuzile (Isifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ngasekupheleni) | Ngemva kweminyaka engama-65 (ikakhulukazi) | I-APOE4 gene yandisa ingozi, kodwa akuyona yodwa imbangela. |
| Isifo se-Alzheimer esemncane (Isifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ekuqaleni) | Ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala (okungavamile) | Kukhona ukuxhumana okunamandla kwefa okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo kuma-chromosome 1, 14, kanye no-21. |
Ingabe kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo zesifo i-Alzheimer's?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Yebo, isampula yegazi ingakutshela ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezakhi zofuzo lwe-APOE onalo. Kodwa imiphumela yalolo vivinyo ayikutsheli ukuthi uzoba nesifo i-Alzheimer's noma cha. Yingakho lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ngezinjongo zocwaningo.
Odokotela abavamile ukuncoma ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo zesifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala sekwephuzile.Ngoba, imiphumela cishe ingabangela ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka okungadingekile. Cabanga nje, uma uthola ukuthi une-gene ye-APOE4, ubungaphila ngokwesaba njalo, noma ngabe ungase ungabe usathola lesi sifo. Akuyona into enhle leyo.
Kodwa-ke, uma amalungu amaningana omndeni wakho eke aba nalesi sifo esemncane futhi uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifanayo, udokotela wakho angancoma lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuqala kwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, udokotela angakwazi ukuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kofuzo.
Yiziphi izinzuzo esizitholayo ocwaningweni ngalezi zakhi zofuzo?
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kungase kube nezakhi zofuzo eziningi ezihilelekile esifweni i-Alzheimer's. Ukuthola lezi zakhi zofuzo kuzosinika izinzuzo eziningana ezinhle esikhathini esizayo.
- Ukuqonda kangcono lesi sifo: Lolu cwaningo lusisiza siqonde ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba nalesi sifo nokuthi kungani sithinta abantu abahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene.
- Ukuhlonza labo abasengozini enkulu: Uma abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo behlonzwa kusenesikhathi, banganikezwa iseluleko kanye nokwelashwa okudingekayo ukuze kuvinjelwe lesi sifo.
- Izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zingathuthukiswa: Ukwazi kahle ukuthi yiziphi izakhi zofuzo ezibangela lesi sifo kwenza kube lula ngabacwaningi ukuthola imithi emisha nephumelelayo ebahlaselayo.
Ngakho-ke, izakhi zofuzo ziyingxenye eyodwa nje yephazili eyinkimbinkimbi eyi-Alzheimer's. Ziningi izinto ezithinta yona, njengendlela yethu yokuphila, lokho esikudlayo, kanye nethonya lemvelo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Nakuba isifo i-Alzheimer's sinethonya lezakhi zofuzo, akusona sodwa imbangela. Indlela yakho yokuphila nendawo okuyo nayo idlala indima.
- Ukuthi nje unezakhi zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yakho yesifo (isib. i-APOE4) akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzosithola lesi sifo.
- Nakuba kukhona ukuxhumana okunamandla kwezakhi zofuzo nesifo i-Alzheimer's esiqala ebuntwaneni, kuyisimo esingavamile kakhulu.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo akukhuthazwa ngokuvamile ukuze kutholakale isifo i-Alzheimer's, esenzeka ngokuguga.
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukwesaba ngalokhu, umuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakhuluma naye ngakho udokotela womndeni wakho.
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