Ingabe ingane yakho esanda kuzalwa ine-anemia? (I-anemia Kwabasanda Kuzalwa) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ingabe ingane yakho encane ibukeka iphaphathekile? Ingabe ibonakala ikhathele kakhulu lapho incelisa, ingabe ikhathala ngokushesha? Noma ingabe ibonakala sengathi iphefumula ngokushesha? Uma ubona lezi zinto, ingane yakho ingase ibe nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-anemia yengane esanda kuzalwa'. Ungakhathazeki , sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, kalula kakhulu. Ngizochaza konke ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-anemia ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa?

Kalula nje, i-anemia yilapho inani lamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni wengane liphansi kunejwayelekile. Lawa maseli abomvu egazi awuhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwamaseli. Asebenza njengamaloli amancane athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Ngakho-ke, lapho lawa maseli abomvu egazi, okuyiwo amaloli athwala umoya-mpilo, encishiswa, amanye amaseli, izicubu, kanye nezitho zomzimba azitholi inani elifanele lomoya-mpilo. Lokhu kungathinta ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane. Ngoba zikhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi konke emizimbeni yazo kwakheka okusha. Ngakho-ke, umoya-mpilo ubalulekile kuzo.

Yini ebangela i-anemia ezinganeni?

Akukhona nje isizathu esisodwa esenza umntwana osanda kuzalwa abe ne-anemia, kungaba nezizathu eziningana. Ake sizibheke ngasinye ngasinye, ukuze ukwazi ukuqonda kangcono lokhu.

1. Umzimba womntwana awukhiqizi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele.

Izinsana eziningi ziba ne-anemia encane, noma inani eliphansi legazi, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila kwazo. Ngokwezokwelapha, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-physiologic anemia' . Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, lokhu kuvamile ezimweni eziningi. Cabanga ngakho njengomzimba wengane ufana nesitshalo esincane esikhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi umzimba wengane ukhiqize izakhamzimba ezidingwa yisitshalo, okungukuthi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ngaleso sivinini. Lokhu kufana nalapho enye ifenisha iphuza ukufika endlini entsha. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yinto ezixazulula ngokwayo lapho ingane isinezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ubudala. Lokhu akudingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile.

2. Amaseli abomvu egazi aphuka ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile emzimbeni

Lesi esinye isizathu esikhulu se-anemia ezinganeni. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi umzimba ukhiqiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, kodwa asheshe aqhekeke futhi abhujiswe ngaphambi kokuba asetshenziswe ngendlela evamile.

• Ukungavumelani kohlobo lwegazi phakathi kukamama nomntwana: Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko salokhu. Le nkinga ingavela ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho uhlobo lwegazi lukamama lungenayo i-Rh kanti uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana luyi-Rh positive, noma uma kukhona ukungavumelani phakathi kwezinhlobo zegazi ze-ABO (isb. umama ungu-O, umntwana ungu-A noma u-B). Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'ukungavumelani kwe-Rh/ABO' . Uma lokhu kwenzeka, amanye ama-antibodies akhiqizwa emzimbeni kamama aqala ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu omntwana. Izingane ezinjalo zivame ukuba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-jaundice . Ngemuva kwalokho isikhumba somntwana kanye namehlo amhlophe aphenduka aphuzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi 'i-bilirubin' iyakhishwa lapho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ephuka.Ukuqongelela kwento ephuzi emzimbeni.
• Ukutheleleka kanye nezifo zofuzo: Akuvamile ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi aqhekeke ngokushesha ngale ndlela ngenxa yokutheleleka okuthile kwamagciwane noma amagciwane, noma ngenxa yezifo ezithile zofuzo ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-thalassemia.

3. Ukulahlekelwa Yigazi

Ngezinye izikhathi i-anemia ingenzeka ngenxa yokulahlekelwa igazi emzimbeni womntwana.

• Ukuthathwa kwesampula yegazi ku-NICU: Ikakhulukazi uma ingane ise -Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) , okusho ukuthi ingane idinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha, odokotela kufanele bathathe amasampula egazi njalo ukuze baqaphe isimo somntwana. Lokhu kubuhlungu kancane. Kodwa lawa masampula egazi abalulekile ukuze odokotela basindise ingane futhi bayiphathe kahle. Kodwa-ke, uma uqhubeka nokuthatha igazi elincane, ingane ingaba ne-anemia ize imunceke emzimbeni.
• Okunye ukuphuma kwegazi: Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo singabangelwa ukopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni womntwana, okungukuthi, ukopha kwangaphakathi , noma ngenxa yenkinga yokushintshana kwegazi phakathi kukamama nomntwana ngesikhathi umntwana esesibelethweni (isb., inkinga nge-placenta).

4. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nazo zinamathuba amaningi okuthola i-anemia. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu.

• Ngokuvamile banenani elincane kancane lamaseli abomvu egazi lapho bezalwa.
• Futhi, isikhathi sokuphila sala maseli abomvu egazi sifushane kunesomntwana ozelwe isikhathi esigcwele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi aphuka ngokushesha.
• Futhi, umongo wethambo wezingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi awukavuthwa ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke izinga lokukhiqizwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi nalo lihamba kancane.

Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-Anemia of Prematurity' .

Ziyini izimpawu zengane ene-anemia?

Iningi lezinsana ezine-anemia encane azibonisi zimpawu ezinkulu. Kodwa uma i-anemia inzima kakhulu, qaphela umchamo wengane yakho ukuze uthole noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile: Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko. Ubuso bomntwana, izindebe, ulimi, izintende zezandla, amathe ezinyawo, ikakhulukazi ingaphakathi lamehlo (zama ukubheka ngaphakathi kweso) kuzoshintsha umbala ube mhlophe esikhundleni sokuba pinki.
• Ubuvila: Ingane ivame ukulala, ayinasithakazelo sokudlala noma sokunyakaza kwezitho zayo, futhi ingase ibe buthakathaka kakhulu.
• Ukunciphisa ukudla ubisi noma ukukhathala lapho uncelisa: Uma ingane yakho ihlanza ngemva kokuphuza ubisi oluncane, noma ikhungatheka noma ijuluka ngesikhathi incelisa, lokhu kungaba uphawu lwe-anemia. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba ukhathala ngokushesha ngoba awutholi umoya-mpilo owanele.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo nokuphefumula okusheshayo ngisho noma uphumule: Uma ingane yakho iphefumula futhi iphefumula ngokushesha ngisho noma izolile futhi ilele, nawe kufanele ukhathazeke. Uma umzimba untula umoya-mpilo, inhliziyo namaphaphu kufanele asebenze kanzima ukuze awudlulisele emzimbeni wonke.

Khumbula, ukuthi nje ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi ine-anemia. Kodwa uma ubona into efana nale, kungcono ukubona udokotela ngokushesha.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ingane yakho ine-anemia ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi . Udokotela noma umbelethisi uzohlola ingane, futhi uma besola ukuthi ine-anemia, bazothi, "Hmm.. ake sithathe igazi, akunjalo?" Ungakhathazeki, ngeke kubangele ubuhlungu obukhulu enganeni, kumane nje ukuhlolwa okuncane.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kuvame ukubheka izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Izinga le-hemoglobin: I-hemoglobin yiprotheni esemangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi ethwala umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi izinga liphansi yini kunejwayelekile.
• Inani le-Hematocrit: Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi iphesenti elingakanani levolumu yegazi lomntwana elakhiwe ngamaseli abomvu egazi. Uma lokhu kuphansi kakhulu, kungabonisa i-anemia.
• Inani lama-reticulocyte: Ama-reticulocyte amangqamuzana abomvu egazi asemasha, asanda kwakheka angakavuthwa ngokugcwele. Inani lawo linganikeza umbono wokuthi mangaki amangqamuzana abomvu egazi amasha akhiqizwa umzimba nokuthi umnkantsha usebenza kahle yini.

Udokotela uzobheka yonke le miphumela yokuhlolwa, izimpawu zomntwana, kanye neminye imininingwane ukuze anqume ukuthi ingane yakho ine-anemia yini, uma ikhona, ukuthi iyini izinga layo, nokuthi yini engaba imbangela.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-anemia ezinganeni? (Ukwelashwa)

Manje cishe ucabanga ukuthi, "Kuthiwani uma lokhu kwenzeka enganeni yami?" Ungakhathazeki. Esikhathini esiningi, izingane ezine-anemia encane azidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Izimo ezifana ne-'physiologic anemia' okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambilini zizophola zodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Udokotela uzoqapha ingane futhi, uma kudingeka, enze olunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Kodwa-ke, uma i-anemia inzima kakhulu, noma uma ingane inenkinga ngayo, kungase kudingeke ukwelashwa.

• Ukufakelwa Igazi: Kubantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi , ezinganeni ezigula kakhulu , noma ezinganeni ezinenkinga yokuphefumula ngenxa ye-anemia, ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukumpontshelwa igazi . Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka amangqamuzana abomvu egazi avela kumuntu ophilile emzimbeni womntwana. Lokhu kungandisa ngokushesha inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi emzimbeni.
• Imithi:Ezinye izingane zingase zinikwe imithi esiza imizimba yazo ukuthi yenze amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Isibonelo, izithasiselo zensimbi zingase zinikezwe. Insimbi iyisakhi esibalulekile sokwenza i-hemoglobin. Futhi, ama-hormone anjenge-erythropoietin anganikezwa njengomjovo. Le hormone ivuselela umongo wethambo ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
• Ukudla Okunomsoco: Kodwa-ke, kugxilwa kakhulu ekudleni komntwana ngamunye one-anemia. Ngoba, kuphela uma umntwana ondliwe kahle lapho umzimba ungakhiqiza khona amangqamuzana abomvu egazi owadingayo. Uma encelisa, kubaluleke kakhulu nokuthi umama adle ukudla okune-iron eningi, okunomsoco (njengesipinashi, inyama, inhlanzi, uphizi, udali). Ngoba umntwana uthola nokudla okunomsoco ekudleni kukamama.

Udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu enganeni yakho, ngakho landela imiyalelo yakhe ngqo.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke kukho konke esikhulume ngakho nge-anemia ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa, kunezinto ezimbalwa okudingeka uzikhumbule. Nansi imiyalezo okufanele uyithathe uye nayo ekhaya:

• Uma ingane yakho iphaphathekile, ingafuni ukuncelisa, ibonakala ikhathele njalo, noma inezinguquko ekuphefumuleni (njengokuphefumula okusheshayo noma ukuhefuzela), ungakuthathi kalula. Bona udokotela ngokushesha. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu ze-anemia.
• Akuzona zonke izifo ezidinga ukwelashwa. Ezinye izimo (ikakhulukazi i-Physiologic Anemia) ziyaziphelela zodwa. Ngakho-ke ungakhathazeki uma udokotela ethi, "Ingane inesifo sokuntuleka kwegazi kancane, kodwa akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho."
• Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zinamathuba amaningi okuthola i-anemia. Odokotela banaka kakhulu lokhu. Qaphela nalokhu.
• Ukungahambisani kwe-Rh/ABO kuyimbangela enkulu yokuntuleka kwegazi kanye ne-jaundice. Odokotela bayakunaka lokhu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Ukudla okunempilo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekuphatheni i-anemia. Omama abancelisayo kufanele futhi baqaphele ukuthi badlani.
• Ungesabi noma wenze lokho okucabangayo, lalela nje lokho abanye abakushoyo. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo. Yibo abaziyo ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu enganeni yakho.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubheka ingane yakho. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekuziphatheni noma ekubukekeni kwengane yakho, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Khona-ke ingane yakho izokhula iphilile, ijabule futhi inhle!

I- anemia, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, i-anemia ezinganeni, amaseli abomvu egazi, i-hemoglobin, i-jaundice, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi