Kuyini i-Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma (AITL)? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula!

Wake wezwa ngesifo esinegama elingajwayelekile kangaka? Mhlawumbe wena noma othile omaziyo utshelwe leli gama ngudokotela. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, ake sizame ukukuqonda kalula. Okwenzekayo ukuthi uhlobo lweseli lokuzivikela emzimbeni wethu olubizwa ngokuthi "ama-T cell" luphenduka amaseli omdlavuza.

Kuyini i-angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL)?

Kalula nje, i-Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma (AITL) uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela emangqamuzaneni amhlophe egazi egazini lethu abizwa ngokuthi ama-T lymphocytes, noma ama-T cell. Cabanga ngakho njengohlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu. Alwa nezinto eziyingozi njengama-virus namabhaktheriya angena emizimbeni yethu futhi asivikele ezifweni. Ngezinye izikhathi, la ma-T cell angabhubhisa ngisho namangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi elinye lalawa ma-'T cell' lingaguquka, okungukuthi, lishintshe, libe yiseli lomdlavuza. Bese lawa maseli omdlavuza amabi eqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha futhi aphindaphindeke ngendlela engalawuleki. Yilapho-ke lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-AITL' sivela khona. Lona umdlavuza owela eqenjini elincane elibizwa ngokuthi 'i-peripheral T-cell lymphoma', eliyiqembu elikhulu elibizwa ngokuthi 'i-non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphoma'. Lo mdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi ungasakazekela ezindaweni ezifana nesibindi sethu, amaphaphu, noma 'umnkantsha wamathambo'.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-AITL?

Eqinisweni, i-AITL uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-T-cell lymphoma, kodwa iyonke ingumdlavuza ongavamile kakhulu . Isibonelo, ezweni elifana ne-United States, i-AITL imele u-4% kuphela wabo bonke abaguli abane-lymphoma. Iphinde ibe ngu-1% kuya ku-2% wabo bonke abaguli abane-non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ivame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 .

Ziyini izimpawu ze-AITL?

Ngenxa yokuthi i-AITL ingumdlavuza okhula ngokushesha, izimpawu zingavela ngokushesha. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo, kufanele ukhathazeke:

• Umkhuhlane ofika ubuye uphele ngaphandle kwesizathu: Umzimba uvele ushise bese umkhuhlane ufika, uphele, bese ubuye futhi. Akukho sizathu esithile esingatholakala.
• Ukujuluka ebusuku: Ukujuluka kakhulu ngenkathi ulele kangangokuthi amashidi ayamanzi.
• Ukuluma noma ukucasuka kwesikhumba: Kungase kuvele emzimbeni wonke, kumabala, noma kungase kuhlale kuluma.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ukuzizwa uphelelwa umoya ngisho noma uzikhandla kancane.
• Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga: Amalunga ezitho angase avuvuke futhi abe buhlungu.
• Ama-nipple avuvukele: Abonakala njengezigaxa ezindaweni ezifana nentamo, emakhwapheni, nasezimbotsheni. Lokhu kuvame ukungabi buhlungu.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu: Ulahlekelwa isisindo ngokuzumayo, noma ngabe awukulawuli ukudla kwakho noma awuzivocavoci kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-AITL ithinta amasosha omzimba ethu, abanye abantu abanalesi simo bangaba nezimo ezibizwa ngokuthi izifo ezizimele, okuyizifo lapho amasosha omzimba ethu esiphendukela khona. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-immune thrombocytopenia (ama-platelet aphansi egazi) noma i-autoimmune hemolytic anemia (ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi).

Yini ebangela i-AITL?

I-AITL yenzeka lapho amaseli ethu e-T eba angajwayelekile futhi eqala ukukhula ngaphandle kokulawulwa. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi abakaqiniseki ukuthi kungani abanye abantu beba nalolu hlobo lwe-T-cell lymphoma kanti abanye ababi nalo.

Kungenzeka ukuthi kungaba nokuxhumana phakathi kwe-AITL kanye nokutheleleka ngegciwane njengegciwane le-Epstein-Barr. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka ulwazi olwengeziwe ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi lesi sixhumanisi sisebenza kanjani.

Itholakala kanjani i-AITL?

I-AITL ivame ukutholakala nge-biopsy ye-lymph node . Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yezicubu ezivela ku-lymph node evuvukele noma endaweni esolisayo bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho ibonisa ama-T lymphocyte angajwayelekile, odokotela bazosola i-AITL.

Uma ukuxilongwa sekuqinisekisiwe, udokotela womdlavuza uzokuxilonga futhi akubuze ngezimpawu zakho. Uzophinde akubuze ngomlando wakho wezempilo, njengezifo zangaphambilini kanye nemithi yamanje.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angenza nezivivinyo eziningana, njenge:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
• I-biopsy yomnkantsha wamathambo.

Ungase futhi ube nokuhlolwa kwezithombe okufana nalokhu:

• I-CT scan (CT - i-computed tomography scans).
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (i-MRI - ukuskena kwe-magnetic resonance imaging).
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (ukuskena kwe-positron emission tomography).

I-AITL, njengezinye izifo ze-lymphoma, kungaba nzima ukuyixilonga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi sifo siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi izimpawu zingakhula kancane futhi zingafana nezezinye izifo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, iziguli eziningi ze-AITL zitholakala zinesifo sekwephuzile . Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bayaqhubeka nokuthola izindlela zokuxilonga i-AITL kanye nezinye izifo ze-lymphoma ngokushesha.

Iphathwa kanjani i-AITL?

Ukwelashwa kwe-AITL kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa izimpawu zakho, ubukhali besifo, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ze-AITL yilezi:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali:Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza inhlanganisela yemithi ehlukene yokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ama-steroid nawo ayengezwa kulokhu. Izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-CHOP kanye ne-BV+CHP. Igama elithi CHOP liyisifinyezo se-Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), i-Hydroxydaunorubicin (hydroxydaunorubicin), i-Oncovin (vincristine sulfate), kanye ne-Prednisone. I-BV+CHP iyinhlanganisela ye-brentuximab vedotin, i-cyclophosphamide, i-doxorubicin, kanye ne-prednisone. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa udokotela wakho uzokuchazela.

• Ukufakelwa kwamaseli e-stem: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa amaseli e-stem anomdlavuza bese uwafaka amaseli e-stem anempilo esikhundleni sawo. Lawa maseli anempilo angathathwa kuwe (`autologous`) noma anganikelwa komunye umuntu (`allogeneic`).

• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Lokhu kwelashwa kugxila kuphela ekuguqukeni kwezakhi zofuzo okuguqula amangqamuzana anempilo abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuthi uya ngqo kumaseli amabi futhi usebenza kuphela kulawo maseli amabi.

Ungaphila isikhathi esingakanani ne-AITL?

I-AITL ingumdlavuza odlangile. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi isilinganiso sokusinda ngemva kokuxilongwa singaphansi kweminyaka emithathu . "Isilinganiso" yisilinganiso esiphakathi ezinhlobonhlobo zamanani. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abanye abantu baphila impilo emfushane, kanti abanye baphila isikhathi eside.

Kodwa nansi iphuzu elibalulekile: Cishe abantu abangu-30% kuya ku-35% abane-AITL basabela kahle ekwelashweni futhi bangase baphulukiswe ngaphandle kokuba umdlavuza uphinde ubuye.

Izinga Lokusinda le-AITL

Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu le-AITL liphakathi kuka-30% no-35% . Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubantu abayi-100 abatholakale benesifo se-AITL, abaphakathi kuka-30 no-35 basaphila ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngokufanayo, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka eyisikhombisa licishe libe ngu-29%.

Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma ubona lezi zibalo. Kodwa khumbula, lezi zimane nje ziyizilinganiso. Zisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini kwabanye abaye batholakala benesifo esifanayo nesakho. Umlando wempilo yawo wonke umuntu kanye nesizinda sofuzo kuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, la mazinga okusinda awakwazi ukubikezela ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani noma ukuthi uzosabela kanjani ekwelashweni.

Uma ukhathazekile ngalezi zibalo, noma uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi zikuthinta kanjani, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Angachaza isimo sakho futhi akunikeze noma yiluphi usizo oludingayo.

Ingabe i-AITL ingavinjelwa?

Iningi labantu abane-AITL abanazo izinto ezaziwayo ezingabangela lesi sifo. Ayikho indlela ethile yokuvimbela i-AITL noma olunye uhlobo lwe-lymphoma. Njengezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza, lokhu kuyinto eyenzeka ngezinye izikhathi. Akusho ukuthi wenze noma yini engalungile.

Nginganciphisa yini ingozi yami?

Nakuba ungeke ukwazi ukuvimbela i-angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, ungenza lezi zinto ukuze ugcine isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esinempilo :

• Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo: Yidla ukudla okucebile ngemifino, izithelo, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, kanye namaprotheni, njengenyama engenamafutha nenhlanzi.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo: Yenza okuthile okufana nokuhamba noma ukugijima okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Lala kahle: Lala kahle okungenani amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Gwema ukubhema nokusebenzisa ugwayi: Njengogwayi nama-bidi, ugwayi ongenantuthu (njengogwayi ohlafunwayo kanye ne-chewing gum) nawo uyingozi. Ukubhema nge-vaping nakho akulungile.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nokuqubuka okungazelelwe, ama-lymph node avuvukele, umkhuhlane omkhulu, noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungahlosiwe, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Uma usuvele welashwa i-AITL, yazisa udokotela wakho womdlavuza ngokushesha uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo. Njengoba lo mdlavuza unjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

I-AITL ithinta wonke umuntu ngendlela ehlukile. Udokotela wakho kuphela umuntu ongachaza ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwakho kuzokuthinta kanjani. Abanye abantu abafuni ukwazi imininingwane yesifo, futhi lokho kulungile. Unelungelo lokwenza izinqumo mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho. Nguwe kuphela owaziyo ukuthi yini engcono kakhulu enhlalakahleni yakho yengqondo, ngokomzwelo, nangokomoya.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi ngemva kokuxilongwa kwe-AITL. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho wezifo zomdlavuza:

• Umdlavuza wami uthuthuke kangakanani?
• Ingabe umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izitho zami zomzimba?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Kufanele ngiqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani?
• Ngingaqhubeka nomsebenzi wami ngenkathi ngithola ukwelashwa?
• Hlobo luni lokusekelwa nosizo engizoludinga ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
• Ngingajoyina amaqembu okusekela noma ezinye izinsiza?
• Ngingayilondoloza kanjani impilo yami yengqondo?

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza kungaletha imizwa enzima ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukudabuka, ukukhathazeka, intukuthelo, kanye nentukuthelo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-AITL iyisifo esingavamile, ungase uzizwe unesizungu futhi sengathi akekho okuqondayo.Kodwa ithimba lakho lezokwelapha likhona ukukusiza. Bangakutshela ngezinsiza ozidingayo, kanye namaqembu okusekelana nabantu abaye badlula ezintweni ezifanayo nezakho. Akudingeki ukuthi udlule kulolu hambo wedwa. Thola ukwesekwa kwabathandekayo bakho kanye nodokotela bakho.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-AITL ingumdlavuza oyingozi futhi ongavamile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela, ukunaka izimpawu, nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

• Qaphela izimpawu: Qaphela umkhuhlane ongachazeki, ukujuluka ebusuku, amaqakala avuvukile, izinkinga zesikhumba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, amalunga avuvukile, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo.
• Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha: Uma ungabaza, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Kunezindlela zokwelapha: Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-chemotherapy, ukufakelwa amaseli e-stem, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
• Awuwedwa: Lolu hambo lungaba nzima, kodwa unomndeni, abangani, kanye nethimba lezokwelapha elizokusiza. Thola ukwesekwa kwabo.
• Hlala unethemba: Izibalo aziyona yonke into. Wonke umuntu uhlukile. Hlala unethemba.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lukusizile ukuthi uqonde lesi sifo. Khumbula, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha nganoma iyiphi inkinga yezempilo.

I- AITL, i-Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma, i-T-cell lymphoma, umdlavuza, umdlavuza wegazi, izimpawu ze-lymphoma, ukwelashwa komdlavuza