Izinto okudingeka uzazi ngomdlavuza wegazi - Ungesabi, ake sixoxe ngakho!

Uma sizwa igama elithi "umdlavuza," sonke siyasaba kancane, akunjalo? Uma sizwa igama elithi "umdlavuza wegazi," singazizwa sesaba nakakhulu. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi uyini ngempela, kungani uvela, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukwelashwa. Khona-ke ungabhekana nalesi simo ngaphandle kokwesaba okungadingekile. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalo mdlavuza wegazi kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Uyini umdlavuza wegazi? Kwenzekani emzimbeni wethu?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wegazi yisifo esithinta amangqamuzana akha igazi emzimbeni wethu kanye nendlela lawo maseli asebenza ngayo. Iningi lala ma-cancer egazi liqala emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Umnkantshe wamathambo uyinto ethambile, efana nesiponji ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Lo mnkantshe yilapho umzimba wethu wenza khona amangqamuzana okuqala. Lawa ma-stem cell kamuva aba amangqamuzana egazi kanje:

• Amaseli Egazi Abomvu: Lawa yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emizimbeni yethu yonke. Cabanga ngawo njengamaloli amancane athwala ukuphila kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wethu.
• Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi: Lawa afana namasosha alwa nezifo namagciwane angena emizimbeni yethu.
• Ama-Platelet: Lawa asiza ekumiseni ukopha uma kukhona inxeba.

Manje, lapho kuvela umdlavuza wegazi, ngesizathu esithile, inqubo yokwenza la maseli egazi iyaphela. Amaseli omdlavuza akhiwa ngaleso sikhathi awakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi owenziwa amaseli egazi avamile. Esikhundleni salokho, la maseli omdlavuza angavamile ahlukana ngokushesha futhi angalawuleki, aminyanise amaseli egazi amahle futhi akhubaze lonke uhlelo. Kufana nokhula olukhula futhi lumboze izitshalo ezinhle.

Umdlavuza wegazi uyisifo esibi kakhulu, kuyiqiniso lokho. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi manje bayalulama emdlavuza wegazi, noma baphila ngempumelelo nalesi sifo.

Zikhona yini izinhlobo zomdlavuza wegazi? Ziyini?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wegazi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezinhlobo eziningana.

1. I-Leukemia: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wegazi, ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni. Amaseli e-leukemia aqala emnkantsheni wamathambo. Ukusuka lapho, angasakazekela egazini. Ngokuvamile, lawa amaseli egazi amhlophe angakavuthwa.

2. I-Lymphoma: Lona umdlavuza okhula ohlelweni lwethu lwe-lymphatic. Amaseli e-lymphoma aqala ohlotsheni lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte. Lawa maseli omdlavuza angakha amathumba ezindaweni ezifana nama-lymph node ethu. I-Hodgkin Lymphoma kanye ne-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma yizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko.

3. I-Myeloma: Lona futhi umdlavuza oqala emnkantsheni wethambo. Uthinta uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi amaseli e-plasma. I-Multiple Myeloma iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo eziyinhloko, kunezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wegazi ezingavamile:

• Ama-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN): Lo mdlavuza ubangela ukuthi umongo wakho wethambo ukhiqize amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, noma ama-platelet amaningi kunalokho okudingekayo.
• I-Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): Kulesi simo, umongo wakho wamathambo wenza amangqamuzana egazi angajwayelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa mangqamuzana egazi awavuthwa kahle, yingakho engavamile. Lawa mangqamuzana angavuthiwe abizwa nangokuthi ama-blasts.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Izimpawu zomdlavuza wegazi zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza, kodwa kunezinye izimpawu ezibalulekile okufanele uziqaphele ngokujwayelekile:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala): Hhayi ukukhathala nje kuphela, kodwa nokukhathala okukhulu okungapheli kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulala kangakanani.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya: Ngisho nokwenza umsebenzi omncane kungakwenza uzizwe uphelelwa umoya.
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele: Ukuvuvukala okungenabuhlungu ezindaweni ezifana nentamo, emakhwapheni, kanye nasesinqeni.
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile: Ukutheleleka kwenzeka kaningi ngoba amangqamuzana omzimba alwa nezifo ayabuthakathaka.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungase kube nezinye izimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu bamathambo.
• Ukujuluka ebusuku okumanzi: Kuze kufike lapho amashidi ombhede eba manzi khona.
• Isibindi noma udende olukhulisiwe.
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga.
• Umkhuhlane oqhubekayo.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungachazeki.
• Ukuphuka noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile, ukuphuma kwegazi ngisho nangenxa yokulimala okuncane, amabala amancane abomvu (i-petechiae) noma amabala ansomi (i-purpura) esikhumbeni.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi, ungesabi ukuthi unomdlavuza ngoba nje unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu. Lezi zingaba futhi izimpawu zezinye izifo ezivamile. Kodwa uma lezi zimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa.

Kungani lo mdlavuza wegazi uvela? Iyini imbangela?

Imbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wegazi izinguquko (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) ku-'DNA' yamaseli egazi. Kalula nje, '(i-DNA)' ifana "nesikhungo sokulawula" esinikeza imiyalelo kumaseli ethu. Konke okunquma ukuthi iseli legazi kufanele likhule nini, ukuthi kufanele lihlukane nini, nokuthi kufanele life nini kunqunywa imiyalelo enikezwe yi-'(i-DNA)'.

Ngakho-ke, uma imiyalelo engalungile ibhalwe kule `(DNA)`, okungukuthi, uma kwenzeka `(ukuguqulwa)`, amangqamuzana egazi angajwayelekile aqala ukwakheka emzimbeni wethu. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile aqala ukuhlukana ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki kunamaseli avamile. Uma lokho kwenzeka, amangqamuzana egazi amahle, ajwayelekile ayakhungatheka kancane kancane, futhi uhlelo lugcwele amangqamuzana amaningi angajwayelekile.

Ekugcineni, inani lamaseli ajwayelekile akhiqizwa umnkantsha wethambo liyancipha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awekho amangqamuzana amahle anele enza umsebenzi obalulekile emzimbeni.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wegazi?

Kunezici ezithile ezandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wegazi. Lezi yizi:

• Ubudala: Ingozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula.
• Ubulili: Amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuthola umdlavuza wegazi.
• Ukubhema: Abantu ababhemayo noma ababhema intuthu ebhemayo basengozini enkulu.
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumakhemikhali afana ne-`(i-Benzene)` kanye ne-`(i-Formaldehyde)` kungandisa ingozi. Le ngozi iphakeme kubantu abasebenza ezindaweni ezifana nezimboni.
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngaphambilini: Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngaphambilini njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe, ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wegazi inganda kancane.
• Umlando womndeni: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wegazi zitholakala emindenini. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu othola umdlavuza wegazi onomlando womndeni walesi sifo.
• Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha: Abantu abanezifo ezithile zokuzivikela komzimba (izifo ezihlasela amangqamuzana omzimba), ukuvuvukala okungapheli, kanye nezifo ezithile zofuzo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wegazi.

Ingabe kukhona esingakwenza ukunciphisa le ngozi?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, umdlavuza wegazi awusona isifo esingavinjelwa ngokuphelele. Ngisho nomuntu ophilile ongenazo izici eziyingozi angaba nomdlavuza wegazi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuzigwema ezinye izici eziyingozi, njengokugwema ukubhema, ingozi ingancishiswa ngezinga elithile.

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Uma unalezi zimpawu, udokotela uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezokwelapha, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nalezi zimo. Ngemuva kwalokho bazokwenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba. Kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza udokotela alusolayo, kungadingeka benze izivivinyo eziningana ezahlukene.

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi:
• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kuhlola amazinga aphansi noma aphezulu amangqamuzana abomvu, amangqamuzana amhlophe, nama-platelet egazini.
• `Ukuhlolwa Kwamakhemikhali Egazi`: Lokhu kuhlola amaprotheni athile nama-enzyme egazini. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zomdlavuza wegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu kungabheka izimpawu zomdlavuza emzimbeni. Izibonelo zalezi zivivinyo zifaka phakathi ukuskena kwe-CT, ukuskena kwe-MRI, kanye nokuskena kwe-PET.
• I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Udokotela wakho uzothatha isampula encane yomnkantsha wakho bese eyihlola. Lokhu kuzosiza ukubona ukuthi zingaki izingqamuzana zomdlavuza ezingavamile lapho uma ziqhathaniswa nezingqamuzana ezivamile, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini izinguquko ku-DNA ezingaba imbangela yomdlavuza.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wegazi?

Ngenhlanhla, manje kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha umdlavuza wegazi ezithuthukisiwe. Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali:Lokhu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha umdlavuza wegazi. Kusebenza ngokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokulawula ukusabalala kwalesi sifo, noma ukusiqeda ngokuphelele. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi ``ye-Chemotherapy`` zisetshenziselwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza wegazi.
• Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu ukulimaza i-DNA yamaseli angajwayelekile nokuwavimba ukuthi angahlukani. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa futhi ukunciphisa izimpawu (Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Palliative). Kuvame ukunikezwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy: Lokhu kusebenza ngokuqinisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze kusize ekulweni nomdlavuza. Ama-Antibodies e-Monoclonal kanye ne-CAR T-cell Therapy yizindlela zokwelapha ezidumile ezisetshenziselwa lokhu.
• Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe: Le mithi yenzelwe ukuhlasela nokuhlasela ubuthakathaka obuthile emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza obubangelwa izinguquko zofuzo.
• Ukufakelwa Kweseli Lesiqu:
• Ukufakelwa Kweseli Le-Autologous Stem: Kulokhu, odokotela baqoqa futhi bagcine amaseli e-stem kusuka kumongo wakho wamathambo ngaphambi kokukunikeza i-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu. Ngemva kokuba i-chemotherapy ibulale amaseli omdlavuza, amaseli e-stem aphilile abuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho. Abe esekhiqiza amaseli egazi anempilo.
• Ukufakelwa Kweseli Le-Allogeneic Stem: Ngezinye izikhathi, kuyadingeka ukufaka esikhundleni somnkantsha wethambo owonakele ngomnkantsha wethambo onempilo. Kulesi simo, odokotela bathola umuntu onikela ngomnkantsha wethambo ofanelana nawe bese besebenzisa amaseli abo ukufaka esikhundleni samaseli akho onakele.

Ufuna ukuphinde ubonane nodokotela nini?

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele ngemva kokwelashwa. Zonke izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza zingabangela imiphumela emibi, eminye yayo ingaba mibi kakhulu. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani neminye yale miphumela emibi ekhaya. Uzokutshela nokuthi uma udinga ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti yokulandelela noma ukufuna ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.

Ingabe umdlavuza wegazi ungalapheka ngokuphelele?

Yebo! Ezimweni eziningi, umgomo wokwelashwa komdlavuza wegazi ukwelapha lesi sifo ngokuphelele. Lokho kusho ukuthi umdlavuza usuphelile ngokuphelele futhi ngeke ubuye. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa okuphelele kungenzeki, ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe manje kuvumela izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza wegazi ukuba zingene esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi "ukuxolelwa." ''Ukuxolelwa'' kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwehlisa umdlavuza kwaze kwaba yilapho ungasabonakali futhi ungatholakali ngokuhlolwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungaphila impilo evamile nenempilo ngalesi sifo.

Zingakanani amazinga okusinda komdlavuza wegazi?

Amazinga okusinda ayahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza, kodwa abantu abaningi bangalindela ukuphila isikhathi eside njengomuntu ongenawo umdlavuza wegazi.

Khumbula, akekho ongabikezela ukuthi umuntu uzophila isikhathi esingakanani. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wegazi ziyingozi kakhulu kunezinye. Futhi, la mazinga okusinda awacabangi ngempumelelo yezindlela zokwelapha zakamuva. Eqinisweni, inani labantu abasinda kwi-lymphoma liphindwe kabili eminyakeni engama-40 edlule. Futhi izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantu abasinda kwi-leukemia liphindwe kane eminyakeni engama-40 edlule! Abantu abaningi basinda emidlavuzeni yegazi nsuku zonke.

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngizizwe ngingcono?

Umdlavuza wegazi kanye nokwelashwa kwawo kungathinta impilo yakho iyonke. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingakusiza ukuthi uhlale uphilile:

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo. Umdlavuza wegazi kanye nokwelashwa kwawo kungabangela ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla. Uma unenkinga yokudla, khuluma nodokotela wezokudla mayelana nendlela ongawuthola ngayo umsoco owudingayo.
• Hlala usebenza ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuzivocavoca kubalulekile, kodwa buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yiliphi izinga lokuzivocavoca ongalisebenzisa ngokuphephile.
• Yenza ukuphumula kube yinto eza kuqala. Lalela umzimba wakho. Phumula noma nini lapho udinga khona, hhayi nje lapho uzizwa ukhathele.
• Zivikele ezifweni. Buza udokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuvimbela ukugula (isib. ukugwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi, ukugeza izandla zakho njalo).
• Nakekela impilo yakho yengqondo. Ngezikhathi ezinzima njengalezi, ukukhuluma nodokotela wezokwelapha noma ukujoyina iqembu lokusekela kungaba umthombo omkhulu wamandla. Kungakusiza futhi ukubhekana nokuphila ngemva komdlavuza.

Ngenxa yokwelashwa okusha, abantu abaningi manje baphila ne-leukemia kunanini ngaphambili. Futhi abantu abaningi asebetholakale ukuthi bane-leukemia basesimeni esihle. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle. Kodwa i-leukemia iseyisifo esibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisa lonke usizo nezinsiza ezitholakalayo kuwe. Qonda zonke izinketho zakho zokwelashwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi ukuxilongwa kwakho kanye nokwelashwa kuzothinta kanjani ikusasa lakho.

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Igama elithi umdlavuza wegazi liyesabeka. Kodwa khumbula lezi zinto:

• Ulwazi lunamandla amakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi oluphelele ngalesi sifo kanye nokwelashwa kwaso.
• Namuhla, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu zomdlavuza wegazi. Abantu abaningi bayalulama ngokuphelele noma baphile kahle nalesi sifo silawulwa.
• Uma unezimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
• Xoxa ngakho konke ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelashwa.Buza yonke imibuzo yakho kanye nokwesaba kwakho.
• Awuwedwa. Thola usizo emndenini, kubangani, kubasebenzi bezokwelapha, kanye namaqembu okusekela.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

Umdlavuza Wegazi , I-Leukemia, I-Lymphoma, I-Myeloma, Izimpawu Zomdlavuza, Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza