Uyazazi yini izivivinyo ze-APOE Gene Test? Ake sixoxe ngazo!

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-`APOE` ndawana thize, noma kungenzeka ukuthi awukwenzanga. Empeleni lokhu ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Kuhlola ukuthi hlobo luni lwezakhi zofuzo (`genotype`) ozibize ngokuthi i-apolipoprotein E (`apolipoprotein E (APOE)`). Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba uma unezinhlobo ezithile zezakhi zofuzo ze-`APOE`, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's. Kodwa ungesabi uma uzwa lokhu. Sizokhuluma ngakho konke lokhu ngokucacile nangokulula kulesi sihloko.

Iyini i-gene ethi `APOE`? Ingabe sinayo emizimbeni yethu?

Yebo, i-gene ethi 'APOE' iyi-gene enikeza iziyalezo kumaseli ethu. Ukuze kube sobala, le-gene itshela amaseli ethu ukuthi enze iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi 'apolipoprotein E'. Le phrotheni ibaluleke kakhulu ngoba ihlangana namafutha ('lipids'), njenge-cholesterol, emizimbeni yethu ukuze yakhe izinhlayiya ze-'lipoprotein'. Lezi zinhlayiya ze-lipoprotein yizo ezithwala i-cholesterol namanye amafutha ngemithambo yegazi yethu. Kalula nje, isebenza njengesithuthi esithutha i-cholesterol emizimbeni yethu.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, noma ama-allele, ze-APOE gene:

• `APOE-e2 (APOE2)`
• `I-APOE-e3 (APOE3)`
• `I-APOE-e4 (APOE4)`

Sonke sizuza amakhophi amabili esakhi sofuzo i-'APOE'. Elilodwa livela kumama wethu, elinye livela kubaba wethu. Ngakho-ke ungaba nanoma iyiphi inhlanganisela yanoma yiziphi ezimbili 'ze-allele' ezintathu okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla. Isibonelo, ungaba ne-'APOE-e3/e3', 'APOE-e3/e4', 'APOE-e2/e4', njalo njalo.

Kuye ngokuhlanganiswa kwezakhi zofuzo ozizuza njengefa, indlela umzimba wakho othutha ngayo i-cholesterol namanye amafutha egazini lakho ingathinteka, okungandisa noma kunciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola izimo ezithile zempilo.

Yiluphi uhlobo lwezakhi zofuzo ze-APOE oluhlotshaniswa nesifo i-Alzheimer's?

Nakhu okufanele ukukhumbule : Akukho gene etholakele ukuthi ibangela ngqo isifo i-Alzheimer's. Okusho ukuthi, ayikho into efana nokuthi "uma unalesi gene, nakanjani uzothola i-Alzheimer's."

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi uma unekhophi okungenani eyodwa yohlobo lwezakhi zofuzo oluthi `APOE-e4 (APOE4)`, ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's ingase ikhuphuke kancane. Lokhu, futhi, kuthinta kakhulu abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65, okubizwa ngokuthi `isifo i-Alzheimer's sekwephuzile`. Akuvamile ukuthi abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-65 bangaba nesifo i-Alzheimer's, esibizwa ngokuthi `isifo i-Alzheimer's sekwephuzile`. Isifo i-Alzheimer's yisimo esibangela ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo kancane kancane, noma i-dementia.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukuba nohlobo lwezakhi zofuzo lwe-`APOE-e2 (APOE2)` kunikeza isivikelo esithile esifweni se-Alzheimer. Ngisho noma umuntu onalolu hlobo lwezakhi zofuzo eba nesifo se-Alzheimer, ngokuvamile kwenzeka kamuva ekuphileni kunomuntu onezakhi zofuzo ze-`APOE-e4 (APOE4)`.

Okubalulekile: Ukwanda kwengozi akusho ukuthi uzoyithola nakanjani leso sifo. Kusho ukuthi unamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo kunezinye. Izakhi zofuzo ziyinto eyodwa kuphela ethinta ingozi. Ezinye izinto eziningi zingathinta lokhu.

Ungahlola kanjani ukuthi une-gene ethi `APOE4`?

Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-APOE kuwukuhlolwa kokuzithandela. Abantu abaningi bathola ulwazi ngezakhi zofuzo ze-APOE ngokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ekhaya. Noma, uma unesifiso sokwazi ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo se-Alzheimer, ungabuza udokotela wakho ngaso. Ungase uthande ukucabanga ngokuhlolwa, ikakhulukazi uma othile emndenini wakho, njengabazali bakho noma izingane zakini, enesifo se-Alzheimer (umlando womndeni).

Uma usuvele unesifo i-Alzheimer's, udokotela angase akuncome lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze akusize ekunqumeni ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezikulungele.

Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-APOE nakho kuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu kubacwaningi, abaqhathanisa imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo nezifundo ezahlukene zokuthwebula izithombe zobuchopho ukuze bazame ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha nezisebenzayo zesifo i-Alzheimer's.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-APOE? Yini okufanele ngiyilindele?

Izinto ezilandelayo zivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-APOE:

1. Ukuthatha isampula: Udokotela noma isisebenzi sezempilo esiqeqeshiwe sizothatha isampula ye-'DNA' kuwe. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthatha inani elincane legazi ('ukuhlolwa kwegazi') noma ngokuthatha inani elincane lamaseli ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho ('i-cheek swab'). Lena inqubo engenabuhlungu futhi elula kakhulu .

2. Ukuthumela elabhorethri: Isampula ye-'DNA' etholiwe ithunyelwa elabhorethri ekhethekile.

3. Ukuhlolwa: Ilabhorethri ihlola isampula ye-DNA bese ithola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezakhi zofuzo zakho ze-APOE.

4. Ukuxoxa ngemiphumela: Ngemva kokufika kwemiphumela, udokotela wakho noma umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo uzokhuluma nawe ngemiphumela nokuthi isho ukuthini.

Uma usebenzisa isivivinyo sokuhlola ubungozi ekhaya, kufanele ufunde imiyalelo eza nekhithi yokuhlola ngokucophelela bese uyilandela kahle. Amakhithi ezinkampani ezahlukene angase abe nezinqubo ezihlukile kancane. Kungcono ukuxoxa ngemiphumela nodokotela wakho ngemva kokuyithola.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-APOE?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-APOE ikutshela ukuthi uluhlobo luni lwe-alleles yezakhi zofuzo ze-APOE onalo. Isibonelo, imiphumela yakho izokutshela ukuthi une-APOE-e3/e3, i-APOE-e3/e4, noma i-APOE-e2/e3.

Imiphumela yamakhithi okuhlola ekhaya ingahluka kancane emiphumeleni oyithola kudokotela. Uma unemibuzo, ungabuza inkampani eyenze ukuhlolwa.

Udokotela noma umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo uzochaza incazelo yale miphumela kuwe. Isibonelo, uma imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's, udokotela wakho angase anikeze iziphakamiso zokukusiza ukuthi ugcine impilo yakho iyonke . Isibonelo:

• Ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini evamile yomzimba noma ekuvivinyeni umzimba.
• Lala ngokwanele umzimba wakho okudingayo.
• Ukuhlala usebenza emphakathini ngokuchitha isikhathi nabangani nomndeni.
• Ukuphonsela ubuchopho bakho inselelo ngezinto ezifana nokuqeda amaphazili, ukufunda izincwadi, noma ukufunda okuthile okusha.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, udokotela wakho angase anikeze nezinye izincomo eziqondene nesimo sakho sempilo.

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi i-`APOE4` ilungile?

Ukuba ne-'APOE4' enhle kusho ukuthi okungenani unekhophi eyodwa ye-'APOE-e4 (APOE4)` gene ku-'DNA' yakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo zakho kungaba yi-'APOE-e3/e4`, `APOE-e4/e4`, noma `APOE-e2/e4`.

Angakanani amathuba okuthola i-Alzheimer's uma une-gene ethi 'APOE4'?

Ngokwezibalo, phakathi kuka-15% no-25% wabantu bonke banekhophi eyodwa yejini le-`APOE-e4 (APOE4)`. Futhi, phakathi kuka-2% no-5% banekhophi zombili zaleli jini (`APOE-e4/e4`). Sesixoxile kakade ukuthi ukuba nekhophi eyodwa yejini le-`APOE4` kwandisa ingozi yokuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's.

Kodwa-ke, ukuba nalesi sakhi sofuzo akusho ukuthi uzoba nesifo i-Alzheimer's . Khumbula, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo akusikho ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga. Kuhlola kuphela ingozi yakho. Akuqinisekisi noma kususe lesi sifo. Umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo angakusiza uqonde ukuthi le miphumela isho ukuthini nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-APOE?

Ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-APOE okwenziwa udokotela itholakale. Kodwa-ke, lesi sikhathi singahluka kancane kuye ngesibhedlela noma isikhungo lapho uthola khona ukuhlolwa. Udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukunikeza imininingwane eqondile.

Ukuhlolwa ekhaya ngokuvamile kungathatha noma yikuphi kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukuthola imiphumela, kuye ngokuthi inkampani ikuphi.

Kudingeka futhi sicabange ngomthelela wengqondo wolwazi olutholwe kulolu vivinyo.

Uma ukhuluma ngezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi njenge-Alzheimer's, kungaba yinto eduduzayo ukuba nencazelo ethile, izimpendulo ezithile. Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-'APOE' kungakunikeza incazelo ethile yokuthi kungani kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube ne-Alzheimer's.

Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ingakuthinta ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ulwazi olutholayo lungabangela ukuthi uzizwe udangele, ukhathazekile, wesaba, noma uthukuthele. Kwezinye izimo, imiphumela ingase ingabi yimpendulo obuyilindele.

Udokotela angakusiza kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho. Bangachaza imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa futhi bakunike lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukuze uqonde ukuthi kwenzekani. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zakho ziyini, kunezinyathelo zokuvimbela ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's. Udokotela wakho ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu wokukuqondisa ekuhleleni izinyathelo zakho ezilandelayo.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi ufunde okuthile okubalulekile kulokho esikuxoxile mayelana nokuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe-'APOE'. Okokugcina, khumbula la maphuzu:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo ze-APOE kukutshela kuphela ingozi yakho yezimo ezithile, njengesifo i-Alzheimer's, kodwa akusho ukuthi nakanjani uzoyithola leso sifo .
• Lokhu akusikho ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga .
• Nakuba ukuba ne-gene variant ye-`APOE-e4 (APOE4)` kwandisa ingozi, ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo nokulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha kungasiza ekulawuleni leyo ngozi.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ukwesekwa udokotela noma umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo ukuze uqonde imiphumela yokuhlolwa futhi uphathe imiphumela yengqondo ehambisana nayo.
• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zakho ziyini, ukugcina imikhuba yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuvivinya umzimba, ukulala ngokwanele, inhlalakahle yengqondo) kuzuzisa impilo yonke.

Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokusiza. Uma uneminye imibuzo, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwe - APOE, isifo se-Alzheimer, i-APOE4, ingozi yezakhi zofuzo, i-dementia, ukwelulekwa kwezakhi zofuzo, ukuqwashisa ngezempilo