Ake sifunde kabanzi ngobuthi be-arsenic. Qaphela futhi!

Uke wezwa nge-'Arsenic'? Mhlawumbe ephephandabeni, ku-TV. Empeleni lokhu kuyinto ekhona ngokwemvelo endaweni esikuyo. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, uma inani lale arsenic likhuphuka, alilihle emzimbeni wethu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ubuthi be-arsenic buyini, ukuthi singabuqaphela kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu. Lokhu kuyinto okudingeka ixoxwe ngayo ngokujulile, ngoba ingathinta impilo yethu.

Kuyini i-Arsenic?

Kalula nje, i-arsenic iyinto ekhona ngokwemvelo endaweni esikuyo. Lokho kusho ukuthi kukhona i-arsenic ethile yonke indawo, emhlabathini, enhlabathini, emanzini, emoyeni, ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Le arsenic ihlangana nezinye izinto ukuze kwakhiwe ama-compound ahlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zala ma-compound.

Amakhemikhali e-arsenic angaphili

Lezi yizinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu . Lezi zinhlanganisela ze-arsenic ezingaphili zakhiwa lapho i-arsenic, i-oxygen, i-chlorine, ne-sulfur kuhlangana nezinye izakhi. Zingavela ngokwemvelo enhlabathini nasemadwaleni. Ziphinde zengezwe emvelweni ngezinqubo zezolimo nezezimboni (isibonelo, ukumbiwa kwemigodi, ukuncibilikisa insimbi, kanye nezinqubo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza). Zithwalwa umoya njengothuli emoyeni nasenhlabathini. Zingangena emanzini angaphezulu noma emanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Lezi zinhlanganisela ze-arsenic ezingaphili zinobuthi obukhulu futhi zingabangela umdlavuza.

Amakhemikhali e-arsenic e-organic

Lezi zinhlanganisela ze-arsenic eziphilayo zakhiwa lapho i-arsenic, i-carbon, ne-hydrogen kuhlangana nemizimba yezitshalo nezilwane. Isibonelo, zitholakala ekudleni kwasolwandle, njengezinhlanzi kanye ne-shellfish. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlanganisela ze-arsenic eziphilayo azinawo ubuthi njengezinhlanganisela ezingaphili. Futhi azitholakalanga ukuthi zibangela umdlavuza.

Ngakho-ke, kuyini ubuthi be-arsenic?

Ubuthi be-arsenic yisimo esenzeka uma udla inani elikhulu kakhulu le-arsenic . Bunezimpawu ezifana nezinye ubuthi bensimbi esindayo, njenge-mercury noma i-lead.

Ubuthi be-arsenic bungenzeka ngokuzumayo, noma ngokushesha. Kodwa kuvame kakhulu ukububona kancane kancane, esikhathini eside, ngemva kokuchayeka ku-arsenic. Lokhu kungenzeka ngamanzi, emoyeni, enhlabathini, noma ekudleni okungcolile. Ingozi iphezulu kakhulu ezindaweni zezolimo nezezimboni. Uma ubuthi be-arsenic bungelashwa ngokushesha, bungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngisho nokufa.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu ubuthi be-arsenic?

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-140 emhlabeni wonke basengozini yokuthola ubuthi be-arsenic. Imbangela enkulu yalokhu amanzi okuphuza angcolile . Abantu emazweni angaba ngu-50 basebenzisa amanzi aqukethe amazinga ayingozi e-arsenic. Lawa ahlanganisa amazwe afana neBangladesh, iNdiya, iShayina, iThailand, iChile, iMexico kanye ne-United States.

Ziyini izimpawu zobuthi be-arsenic?

Kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30 ngemuva kokuchayeka emazingeni aphezulu e-arsenicNoma kunjalo, izimpawu zingase zivele. Izimpawu zokuqala yilezi:

• Isisu esibuhlungu
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Uhudo (ubuhlungu besisu)
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi "ukuphelelwa umoya")
• Umphimbo obuhlungu (`(pharyngitis)`)
• Ukungalingani kwesigqi senhliziyo (`(arrhythmia)`)
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-hypotension)
• Ukungazweli noma ukuzwa ukuthamba eminweni nasezinzwaneni
• Ukubomvu kwesikhumba nokuvuvukala
• Iphunga likagalikhi elivela emoyeni nasemzimbeni (lokhu kuyimpawu ekhethekile)

Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezibangelwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-arsenic zingathatha iminyaka ukuthi zivele. Ziyingozi kakhulu . Izimpawu ezinjalo zifaka:

• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba (ukuba mnyama kwesikhumba, amabala)
• Amaqhubu kanye nezilonda zesikhumba
• Ukuqina kwesikhumba ezintendeni nasezinyaweni (odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi "i-hyperkeratosis")
• Imigqa emhlophe ezinzipho (ebizwa ngokuthi imigqa ethi ``Mees''')
• Umphimbo obuhlungu njalo
• Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla njalo

Yiziphi izimbangela zobuthi be-arsenic?

Ubuthi be-arsenic buvame ukubangelwa ukuphuza amanzi angcolile . Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, okuhlanganisa ne-United States, amanzi okuphuza aqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-arsenic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-arsenic engokwemvelo enhlabathini ingena emithonjeni yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angangcoliswa yimfucuza yezimboni.

Ubuthi be-arsenic bungavela nasekuphekeni ngamanzi angcolile. Futhi, uma amanzi angcolile esetshenziswa ezitshalweni eziningi, i-arsenic nayo ingangenwa yilokho kudla.

Ukudla ukudla okungcolile kungenye imbangela yobuthi be-arsenic. Okunye ukudla, isibonelo, inkukhu, ilayisi, iziphuzo zezithelo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi kungase kube ne-arsenic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-arsenic ikhona enhlabathini noma emanzini. Njengoba sidla ilayisi njengokudla okuyisisekelo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Uma usebenza embonini esebenzisa i-arsenic, ungathola ubuthi be-arsenic ngokuphefumula njalo izinhlayiya ze-arsenic emoyeni. Ezinye izimboni ezisebenzisa i-arsenic zifaka:

• Ukukhiqizwa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nemithi yokubulala ukhula
• Imboni yokuncibilikisa insimbi kanye nezimayini
• Ukukhiqizwa kwengilazi
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor
• Ukusebenza ngokhuni nokubaza (i-arsenic isetshenziselwa ukulondoloza izinhlobo ezithile zokhuni)

Kunezinye izizathu futhi:

• Ukubhema ugwayi
• Ukuphefumula intuthu noma uthuli oluvela ezinkuni ezivuthayo olunongwe nge-arsenic
• Ukuthintana nomhlabathi, uthuli, noma izinkuni eziqukethe i-arsenic ezigcinwe nge-arsenic

Ungayibona kanjani i-arsenic poisoning?

Udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa kwensimbi esindayo.Hlola ubuthi be-arsenic. Ukuhlolwa komchamo kungabonisa ukuthi uke wavezwa emazingeni aphezulu e-arsenic esikhathini esifushane. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njengokuhlola izinwele zakho nezinzipho, kungabonisa nokuthi uke wavezwa emazingeni aphezulu e-arsenic esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho ingozi yobuthi be-arsenic iphezulu khona.

Ubuthi be-arsenic buphathwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kobuthi be-arsenic kuncike ekutheni uvezwe kanjani, okungukuthi, uhlobo, inani, kanye nobude besikhathi sokuvezwa kwe-arsenic. Uma kwenzeka uvezwa ngengozi, isinyathelo sokuqala ukususa izingubo ezingcolile bese ugeza isikhumba kahle.

Udokotela wakho angakunikeza ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi "ukwelashwa kwe-Chelation." Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali akhethekile ukususa i-arsenic egazini lakho.

Ungazama futhi ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi ukunisela ngamathumbu , okuhilela ukukhipha okuqukethwe yindlela yakho yokugaya ukudla ngesisombululo esikhethekile. Lokhu kuvimbela i-arsenic ukuthi ingangeni emzimbeni wakho.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nezinso. Ungase udinge nomoya-mpilo, usawoti, ukumpontshelwa igazi, imithi yenhliziyo, noma imithi yokulawula ukuxhuzula.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma unezimpawu.

Ungazivikela kanjani ebuchosheni be-arsenic?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ubuthi be-arsenic ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphuza amanzi ahlanzekile . Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi konke ukudla okudlayo kulungiselelwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Kungaba umqondo omuhle ukusebenzisa amanzi asemabhodleleni kuphela uma usohambweni.

Uma usebenza embonini esebenzisa i-arsenic, gqoka imaski yobuso ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka kwakho ezinhlayiyeni ze-arsenic. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uyageza futhi ushintsha izingubo ngaphambi kokuya ekhaya. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-arsenic esikhumbeni sakho, ezinweleni nasezingutsheni ingadluliselwa emndenini wakho ngaphandle kokuthi uqaphele.

Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, amagilavu, kanye nemaski yothuli uma usebenza ngokhuni oluhlanzwe nge-arsenic. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukuchayeka othulini lokhuni.

Iyini i-prognosis uma kwenzeka ubuthi be-arsenic?

Umphumela wobuthi be-arsenic uncike ezintweni ezifana nembangela yokuchayeka, uhlobo kanye nenani le-arsenic, kanye nobude besikhathi sokuchayeka. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ku-arsenic kungabangela izifo nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Isifo sesibindi
• Isifo senhliziyo (`(Isifo senhliziyo)`)
• Isifo Sikashukela (`(Isifo Sikashukela)`)
• Izinkinga zesistimu yokugaya ukudla
• Izinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa
• Ubuthi be-neuro (ubuthi be-neuro)

I-Arsenic iyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingabangela umdlavuza. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza ezibangelwa yi-arsenic yilezi:

• Umdlavuza wesinye
• Umdlavuza wegazi (`(Umdlavuza wegazi)`)
• Umdlavuza wesistimu yokugaya ukudla
• Umdlavuza wesibindi
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu (`(Umdlavuza wamaphaphu)`)
• I-lymphoma (i-lymphoma)
• Umdlavuza wezinso
• Umdlavuza we-prostate (`(Umdlavuza we-prostate)`)
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba

Uma ungumama okhulelwe, ubuthi be-arsenic bungathinta ukukhula komntwana wakho ongakazalwa. Kungabangela ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa. Izingane ezivame ukusebenzisa i-arsenic nazo zingaba nokulibaziseka kokukhula.

Ukufa kungashesha kangakanani ngenxa yobuthi be-arsenic?

I-Arsenic iwubuthi obukhulu kakhulu . Uma idliwa ngobuningi, ukufa kungashesha kakhulu. Ukufa kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi nosuku olulodwa kuya kwezine ngemuva kokuthatha umthamo obulalayo. Ngisho nokuvezwa isikhathi eside ngamanani amancane kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ingabe ubuthi bamagundane buqukethe i-arsenic?

Ama-rodenticides, noma ubuthi bamagundane, ayevame ukuqukatha izinsimbi ezisindayo njenge-arsenic. Ayesetshenziswa ukulawula amagundane. Kodwa-ke, kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ubuthi obuningi bamagundane benziwe ngama-anticoagulants. Lokhu kuvimbela igazi legundane ukuthi lingaqini. Nakuba ubuthi obusha bamagundane bungenawo i-arsenic, ama-anticoagulants aqukethe anobuthi obufanayo futhi angaba yingozi empilweni.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Njengamanje cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi nakuba i-arsenic ikhona ngokwemvelo endaweni ezungezile, ingaba yingozi uma ivezwa emazingeni aphezulu. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza.

Uma uhlala noma usebenza endaweni enamazinga aphezulu e-arsenic, thatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukuchayeka kwakho. Qaphela kakhulu imithombo yamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zobuthi be-arsenic, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha, amathuba akho okululama ayanda. Kubalulekile ukunakekela impilo yakho njalo.

I- Arsenic, ubuthi, amanzi okuphuza, imiphumela yezempilo, izimpawu, umdlavuza, ukungcola kwemvelo