Ingabe ingane yakho encane ihlala izulazula, igijima, noma igxumagxuma? Noma kunzima yini ukunaka umsebenzi wesikole noma yini enye? Mhlawumbe nifana ngalezi zinto. Ingabe nawe uzizwa sengathi awukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakho kahle, ukhohlwe konke, futhi awukwazi ukugcina ingqondo yakho endaweni eyodwa ? Khona-ke le ndaba izoba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namuhla sikhuluma nge-ADHD, isimo esivamile kubantu abaningi, kodwa esingakhulunywa ngaso njalo.
Kalula nje, iyini i-ADHD?
Incazelo ephelele ye-ADHD ithi i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . NgesiSinhala, isho 'ukungakwazi ukunaka kanye nesifo sokungakwazi ukunaka kakhulu'. Lesi yisimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa esithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho. Lokhu akulona iphutha lengane noma ukukhulisa ingane. Lesi simo senza kube nzima ngomuntu ukulawula ukunaka kwakhe, ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa, nokulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe.
Lesi simo sivame kakhulu ebuntwaneni, ikakhulukazi lapho uqala isikole. Sivame ukutholakala lapho kuba nzima ukugxila ezifundweni. Kodwa-ke, asigcini nje ebuntwaneni, futhi singaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho umuntu esemusha futhi esemdala.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-ADHD ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa noma yelapheke ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ngokutholwa kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa okufanele, kanye nesiqondiso, noma ubani angakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zakhe futhi aphile impilo ephumelelayo.
Izinhlobo nezimpawu ze-ADHD ezinganeni
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-ADHD. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini nokuthi ziyini izimpawu zazo.
| Uhlobo lwe-ADHD | Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala |
|---|---|
| 1. Uhlobo Lokunganaki |
|
| 2. Uhlobo Lokusebenza Okusheshayo Nokushukuma | |
| 3. Uhlobo Oluhlanganisiwe | Kulolu hlobo, zombili izimpawu zokunganaki okukhulunywe ngazo kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile zingabonakala ndawonye. Lolu hlobo oluxubile luvame kakhulu ezinganeni. |
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ADD ne-ADHD?
Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abayibuzayo. Empeleni, i-ADD yigama elisetshenziselwa i-ADHD. Kamuva, kwanezelwa uphawu 'lokungaphili kahle' kuyo futhi igama lashintshwa laba yi-ADHD. Ngakho-ke, abanye abantu basasebenzisa womabili la magama kulesi simo nanamuhla.
Izimpawu ze-ADHD kubantu abadala
Izimpawu ze-ADHD zingashintsha njengoba umuntu ekhula. Ukuzulazula ngokweqile okwakukhona ebuntwaneni kungancipha, futhi ezinye izimpawu zingase zivele. Lezi zimpawu zifaka:
- Ukuhlala ufika sekwephuzile futhi ukhohlwe izinto.
- Ukungahlaliseki.
- Ubunzima bokulawula intukuthelo.
- Ukuphazama.
- Ubunzima bokugcina izinto zihlelekile, isiphithiphithi yonke indawo.
- Ukuzindela.
- Ukucasuka ngokushesha.
- Ukuzizwa 'unesithukuthezi' njalo.
- Ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile lapho ufunda into efana nencwadi noma iphephandaba.
- Ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Izimo ezinjengokucindezeleka.
Lezi zimpawu zingabangela izinkinga eziningi emsebenzini, empilweni yomndeni, kanye nasebudlelwaneni nabantu.
Ziyini izimbangela ze-ADHD?
Imbangela eqondile ye-ADHD ayikatholakali okwamanje.Kodwa ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okunamandla kwezakhi zofuzo kukho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi simo, nawe unamathuba amaningi okuba naso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezilandelayo eziyingozi nazo zingadlala indima:
- Uhlobo oluthile lwengozi ebuchosheni.
- Umama ubhema noma uphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukuba nesisindo esiphansi sokuzalwa noma ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi ezifana nomthofu ngesikhathi sobuntwana noma ngesikhathi usesibelethweni.
Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?
Ukuthola i-ADHD kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Ayikwazi ukutholwa ngokuhlolwa okukodwa. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza ukuxilongwa ngemva kwezingxoxo ezinde nengane, abazali, nothisha, nangokubheka ukuziphatha kwengane.
Udokotela usebenzisa iziqondiso ezamukelwa emhlabeni wonke ngalokhu. Uhlola nezinye izimo ezingase zibangele lezi zimpawu (isibonelo, ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, isifo se-thyroid).
Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa kokuhlola umbono wengane, ukuzwa, kanye nokusebenza kobuchopho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwe udokotela wezingane noma umeluleki wezempilo yengqondo onolwazi nge-ADHD .
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Uma kwelashwa i-ADHD, inhlanganisela yezindlela isebenza kangcono kunendlela eyodwa.
Ukwelashwa kwezingane
- Ukwelapha Ngokuziphatha: Umelaphi ufundisa abazali indlela yokuphatha ukuziphatha kwengane yabo. Ubafundisa indlela yokwakha isimiso esicacile, ukuvuza ukuziphatha okuhle (ukuqinisa okuhle), nokusabela ekuziphatheni okungafanele. Lolu hlobo lokwelapha lunconywa kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane.
- Ukwelapha Ngokudlala/Ukukhuluma: Le ndlela iwusizo ezinganeni ezindala kanye nentsha. Ibanika ithuba lokuveza imizwa yabo nokukhuluma ngezinkinga.
- Imithi:
- Izikhuthazi: Lezi yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Le mithi ithuthukisa isikhathi sokunaka futhi inciphise ukushesha.
- Ama-Non-stimulants: Lawa asetshenziswa uma ama-stimulants engasebenzi noma enemiphumela emibi eminingi kakhulu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Noma yimiphi yale mithi kufanele inikezwe kuphela ngokunconywa udokotela oqeqeshiwe . Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela futhi unikeze isilinganiso esifanele, ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi uhlole njalo isimo sengane nodokotela.
Ukwelashwa kwabantu abadala
- Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ubone futhi ushintshe amaphethini akho okucabanga angemahle, uphathe imizwa yakho, futhi uthuthukise amakhono owadingayo ukuze uphile ngempumelelo nezimpawu ze-ADHD.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-ADHD: Umqeqeshi unikeza ukwesekwa okusebenzayo kwemisebenzi yansuku zonke (ukuphathwa kwesikhathi, ukuhlela).
- Imithi: Njengasezinganeni, imithi evuselelayo nengavuseleli isetshenziswa njengoba kunqunywe udokotela.
Yini esingayenza ngaphandle kwemithi?
Kanye nemithi kanye nokwelashwa, lezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila zingaba usizo olukhulu ekuphatheni izimpawu ze-ADHD.
- Ukudla Okunomsoco: Ukudla okunomsoco nokulinganiselayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Khetha ukudla okune-protein kanye ne-fiber eningi (ukudla okuphelele) esikhundleni sokudla okunoshukela omningi. Ukuphuza amanzi anele nakho kubalulekile.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Kubantwana nakubantu abadala, ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yomzimba yansuku zonke kuthuthukisa ukugxila kanye nesimo sengqondo.
- Ukulala: Ukungalali kahle kungenza izimpawu ze-ADHD zibe zimbi kakhulu. Izingane zidinga amahora angu-9-13 okulala ngosuku, intsha idinga amahora angu-8-10, kanti abantu abadala badinga amahora angu-7-9.
- Ukulawula ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka nakho kwandisa lesi simo. Izinto ezifana ne-yoga, ukuzindla, kanye nokuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka.
Ukuphila ne-ADHD
Ukunakekela ingane ene-ADHD kungaba nzima ngezinye izikhathi kubazali. Ukuphila nalesi simo njengomuntu omdala kungaba yinselele. Lawa macebiso azokusiza.
Uma uhlala nengane ene-ADHD...
- Nikeza imiyalelo elula: Esikhundleni semiyalelo ejwayelekile efana nokuthi "Lungela isikole," nikeza imiyalelo ngayinye ngayinye, efana nokuthi "Manje geza amazinyo akho. Kulungile, gqoka manje."
- Dala ukuhleleka: Nciphisa iziphazamiso (amathoyizi) ekamelweni lengane yakho futhi uligcine lihlelekile. Dala inqubo yansuku zonke (ishejuli).
- Dumisa okuhle: Izingane ezine-ADHD zingaba nokuzethemba okuphansi ngoba zihlala zigxekwa. Ngakho-ke ncoma izinto ezizenza kahle futhi uqokomise amandla azo.
- Zithobe: Yiba yisibonelo ngokuhlala uzolile futhi ugxile lapho ukhuluma nengane yakho nalapho usebenza.
- Thola ukwesekwa: Hlala uxhumene nodokotela wengane yakho, othisha, kanye nabelaphi. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukujoyina amaqembu okusekelana nabanye abazali abaye baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo.
Ukuphila ne-ADHD njengomuntu omdala...
- Sebenzisa uhlu kanye nabahleli: Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ugcine izinto ezifana nemisebenzi yakho kanye nama-aphoyintimenti zihlelekile.
- Hlukanisa imisebenzi emikhulu ibe yizingxenye:Uma kunzima ukuqala umsebenzi omkhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, uhlukanise ube yizinyathelo ezincane bese uwenza ngamunye ngamunye.
- Sebenzisa izibali-sikhathi: Setha isibali-sikhathi somsebenzi bese usenza kuze kube yilapho isikhathi siphela. Bese uthatha ikhefu elifushane.
- Lungisa indawo okuyo: Sebenza endaweni ethule engenazo iziphazamiso eziningi. Sebenzisa ama-headphone aqeda umsindo uma kudingeka.
- Cela usizo: Ungathola ukwesekwa ngokutshela abangani othembekile, umndeni, noma osebenza nabo ukuthi unalesi simo. Futhi, ungangabazi ukucela usizo uma uzizwa ukhungathekile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ADHD akuyona iphutha lengane noma labazali, yisimo sezokwelapha esihlobene nokusebenza kobuchopho.
- Uma usola ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, isinyathelo sokuqala ukubona udokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezingane .
- Bazokudlulisela kuchwepheshe ofanele ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa.
- Ngokwelashwa okufanele, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, noma ubani angaphila impilo ejabulisayo nephumelelayo ene-ADHD.
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