Ingabe inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha ngokuzumayo? Ake sixoxe nge-AVNRT (i-Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia) !

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu? Noma uzizwa sengathi kukhona okujikelezayo esifubeni sakho, futhi unobunzima bokuphefumula? Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungahambisana nezinto ezifana nokuzungeza, ukuqina kancane esifubeni sakho, njll. Lezi zinto akuzona nje izinto ezingahleliwe. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-AVNRT (Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia) esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula.

Kuyini i-AVNRT (i-Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia)?

Kalula nje, i-AVNRT yisimo lapho inhliziyo yakho iqala ukushaya ngokushesha okukhulu ngenxa yoshintsho oluncane ohlelweni lukagesi lwenhliziyo yakho. Ingenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu zezimo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) , okuyizigqi zenhliziyo ezisheshayo eziqala emakamelweni aphezulu enhliziyo (i-atria). Eqinisweni, i-AVNRT uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-SVT.

Ngokuvamile, uma siphumule, inhliziyo yethu ishaya phakathi kuka-60 no-100 ngomzuzu. Kodwa kumuntu one-AVNRT, ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle kwesixwayiso, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lingagxuma lisuka ku-140 liye ku-280 ngomzuzu, noma ngokushesha nakakhulu. Cabanga ngalokho! Kungahlala isikhathi esithile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungahlala isikhathi eside.

I-AVNRT kanye ne-SVT yizimo ezingaphansi kwesigaba esikhulu se -arrhythmias . I-arrhythmia yinoma yisiphi isimo lapho inhliziyo ishaya khona ngokungajwayelekile, okusho ukuthi ishaya ngokushesha kakhulu, kancane kakhulu, noma ngendlela engavamile.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa i-AVNRT?

Empeleni, noma ubani angaba nalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-AVNRT. Kodwa-ke, sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunakwabesilisa. Futhi, abantu abadala abasebasha abanempilo abangenazo ezinye izifo ezinkulu nabo bangaba nalesi simo. Ngakho-ke, ungacabangi ukuthi, "Ngiphilile, lokhu ngeke kwenzeke kimi."

Kungani kwenzeka i-AVNRT? Kwenzekani enhliziyweni?

Isivinini kanye nesigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu kulawulwa uhlelo lukagesi oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Lokhu kuqala ngeqembu elikhethekile lemicu yemisipha ebizwa ngokuthi i-Sinoatrial node (i-SA node) ekamelweni eliphezulu kwesokudla (i-atrium) yenhliziyo. Le node ye-SA isebenza njenge-pacemaker yemvelo yenhliziyo yethu.

Enhliziyweni enempilo, isignali kagesi esivela kule node ye-SA ibangela ukuthi amakamelo amabili aphezulu enhliziyo (i-atria) anciphe, isunduze igazi liye emakamelweni aphansi (imithambo). Lesi signali kagesi bese sihamba ngezindlela ezikhethekile siye endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Atrioventricular node (i-AV node) . Le node ye-AV ifana nesango eliphakathi kwamakamelo aphezulu naphansi. Ukusuka lapho, isignali iya emakamelweni aphansi (imithambo) futhi ibangele ukuthi inciphe. Yileyo ndlela inhliziyo evamile epompa ngayo igazi emzimbeni wonke ngendlela ehlelekile.

Kodwa-ke, uma kunenkinga ngalolu hlelo lukagesi, inhliziyo ingashaya ngokungajwayelekile. Okusho ukuthi, ingasheshisa, yehlise ijubane, noma isigqi singaba yisiphithiphithi. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-arrhythmia.

Ku-AVNRT, kukhona into ebizwa ngokuthi indlela kagesi encane eyengeziwe (i-reentrant circuit) eduze kwe-AV node. Lokhu kungaba yinto ekhona lapho kuzalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yokufinyela kwenhliziyo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, isignali kagesi ingena kule ndlela eyengeziwe bese iqala ukuhambahamba ngezindilinga. Cabanga ngayo njenge-short circuit ku-electronic circuit encane. Yilapho inhliziyo iqala ukushaya ngokushesha ngokuzumayo, futhi ingahlala injalo.

Njengoba abantu abaningana kweminye imindeni benalesi simo, kukhona ukusola ukuthi i-AVNRT ingase ibe yifa, kodwa imbangela eqondile yezakhi zofuzo ayikakatholakali.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-AVNRT?

I-AVNRT akuyona inkinga eqhubekayo. Yisimo esingavamile . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kungase kufike ngokuzumayo bese kumisa isikhashana. Abanye abantu baba nalezi zimpawu iminyaka eminingi, kodwa kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela.

Lezi yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu:

• Ukungakhululeki entanyeni noma esifubeni , umuzwa wokuminyana.
• Isiyezi , ngezinye izikhathi umuzwa wokungabi nangqondo.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kakhulu (cishe ukushaya okungu-140-280 ngomzuzu).
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo - Lona umuzwa wenhliziyo yakho ishaya. Lokhu kungazwakala ngezindlela ezahlukene.
• I-Polyuria - Lokhu kusho ukuchama njalo nangobuningi obukhulu. Lokhu kubangelwa izinguquko ezithile zamahomoni emzimbeni lapho inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula , uzizwa sengathi uyacinana.

Kuzwakala kanjani lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo?

Abantu abane-AVNRT bachaza lesi sigqi senhliziyo kanje:

• Kuzwakala sengathi kukhona okwenyukayo nokwehla ngaphakathi esifubeni (ukuphenduka) .
• Indiza kancane, njengebhabhathane elindizayo.
• Umuzwa wokuqina noma ukugcwala entanyeni noma emphinjeni.
• Njengokushaya isigubhu kakhulu.
• Inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha njengasemjahweni (umjaho) .

Akuvamile kakhulu, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-AVNRT ingabangela izimpawu nezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu. Isibonelo:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba .
• Ukudideka .
• Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo (i-Syncope) .
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension) .
• Ukushaqeka - Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Odokotela bayixilonga kanjani i-AVNRT?

Ukuze athole ukuthi une-AVNRT noma enye i-arrhythmia, udokotela uzokwenza okulandelayo:

1. Ukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha: Uzobuzwa imibuzo mayelana nanoma yiziphi izifo oke waba nazo ngaphambilini, noma yiziphi izimpawu zakamuva oke waba nazo, kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi, amavithamini, izithasiselo, kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo.

2. Ukuhlolwa komzimba:Bazolinganisa izinto ezifana nesivinini sakho sokuphefumula, umfutho wegazi, kanye nesivinini senhliziyo. Bazolalela nenhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope.

3. I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Lesi isivivinyo esibaluleke kakhulu. I-EKG ilinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho, njengobude nobude benhliziyo ngayinye. Kungasiza kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa, ikakhulukazi uma ungathola i-EKG ngenkathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase akucele ezinye izivivinyo ukuze afunde kabanzi ngenhliziyo yakho:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola ezinye izinkinga ezingathinta inhliziyo yakho (isib. izinkinga ze-thyroid, i-anemia).
• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Lokhu kuthatha izithombe (njenge-ultrasound) zenhliziyo ukuhlola noma yiziphi izinkinga ngesakhiwo senhliziyo noma indlela epompa ngayo igazi.
• I-Holter monitor noma enye i-ambulatory monitor: Lena idivayisi encane oyigqoka izinsuku ezimbalwa. Iqopha njalo isigqi senhliziyo yakho ngenkathi uqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Uma i-arrhythmia ingekho ngesikhathi se-EKG, ingabanjwa ngalolu hlobo lwedivayisi.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kokuzivocavoca: Isilinganiso senhliziyo yakho siqashwa ngenkathi ugijima ku-treadmill noma ugibela ibhayisikili elingashukumi. Abanye abantu bangase babhekane nalokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.
• Ucwaningo lwe-Electrophysiological (EP) kanye nokumapha kwenhliziyo: Lokhu kuhlolwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kuhilela ukudlulisa ucingo oluncane (i-catheter) ngomthambo uye enhliziyweni ukuze kutholakale kahle ukuthi i-arrhythmia iqala kuphi nokuthi yenzeka kanjani. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-catheter ablation.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ze-AVNRT?

Nakuba abantu abaningi benayo i-AVNRT, akubona bonke abantu abadinga ukwelashwa. Ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zivela ngezikhathi ezithile futhi zingabakhathazi kakhulu, ukwelashwa kungase kungadingeki. Kodwa-ke, ithimba lakho lezempilo lingakudlulisela ekwelashweni ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma usengozini yezinkinga ezinkulu .
• Uma unezimpawu eziphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke , njengokungalali.
• Uma i-AVNRT ivele njalo noma isikhathi eside .

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha:

1. Ukunyakaza kwemisipha yesisu: Ngezinye izikhathi ungamisa lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo ngezinto ezilula ongazenza ekhaya. Isibonelo, ukukhwehlela, ukubamba umoya wakho (i-Valsalva maneuver), nokufaka ubuso bakho emanzini abandayo . Udokotela wakho uzokukhombisa ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu.

2. Ukuguqulwa kwenhliziyo kagesi:Lokhu kuhilela ukubeka ama-paddle noma ama-patches esifubeni sakho nokuletha ukushaqeka kukagesi enhliziyweni yakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekubuyiseleni isigqi senhliziyo yakho esimweni esijwayelekile. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

3. Imithi: Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi engalawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nesigqi. Isibonelo, umjovo we-Adenosine (lo umjovo onikezwa emthanjeni, onciphisa ngokushesha izinga), Imithi yokulwa nokushaya kwenhliziyo (imithi ekhethekile enikezwa i-arrhythmia), Ama-Calcium channel blockers , kanye nama-Beta-blockers . Lokhu kufanele kuthathwe njengoba nje kunqunywe udokotela wakho.

4. Ukususwa kwe-catheter: Lokhu kuvame ukubhekwa njengokwelashwa okuwukuphela kwe-AVNRT. Kulokhu, njengocwaningo lwe-EP okukhulunywe ngalo ngaphambili, i-catheter encane idluliselwa ngemithambo emlenzeni noma engalweni iye enhliziyweni, kutholakale isekethe yokungena kabusha, bese kuba nesibazi esincane esidalwe kusetshenziswa amandla e-radiofrequency noma i-cryoablation. Lokhu kuvimbela izimpawu zikagesi ezingavamile ukuthi zingadluli enhliziyweni, futhi i-arrhythmia iyayeka. Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo.

Ngingakunciphisa kanjani ukwenzeka kwalesi simo?

Ayikho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela i-AVNRT. Kodwa-ke, uma unalesi simo, ungathola ukuthi izinto ezithile zenza lokhu kushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kube nokwenzeka kakhulu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "izisusa."

Ngokugwema lezi zinto ezibangela lokhu, unganciphisa imvamisa yokuhlaselwa kwe-AVNRT.

Lezi yizimbangela ezithinta abantu abaningi:

• Utshwala
• I-caffeine - etholakala ekhofini, etiyeni, nakwezinye iziphuzo ezibandayo.
• Izinhlobo ezithile zokuvivinya umzimba (kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngalokhu).
• Ezinye izithako zemithi .
• Izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni (Izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa) .
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi .
• Ukucindezeleka .

Liyini ikusasa labantu abane-AVNRT?

Akuvamile kakhulu, i-AVNRT ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu, njengokuma kwenhliziyo okungazelelwe. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abaningi, akuyona inkinga esongela ukuphila . Uma iphathwa kahle, abantu bangaphila impilo evamile.

Ngine-AVNRT, kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani?

Ukulandela lawa macebiso kuzokusiza ukuphatha isimo sakho se-AVNRT:

• Ungasebenzisi imithi noma izithasiselo zokudla ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.
• Qhubeka ubona odokotela, njengodokotela wakho wenhliziyo, ukuze bahlolwe.
• Thatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe yona ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Thola ukuthi yini ebangela i-AVNRT yakho bese uzama ukuyigwema.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezimpawu zakho (isib., zimbi kakhulu kunangaphambili, zivame kakhulu), tshela udokotela wakho ngakho.

Ngingakwazi yini ukuzivocavoca uma ngine-AVNRT?

Ukuzivocavoca kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yenhliziyo. Iningi labantu abane-AVNRT bangazivocavoca . Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi hlobo luni lokuzivocavoca olukulungele nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini imikhawulo.

Kunini lapho kufanele ngifune khona usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha nge-AVNRT?

Uma une-AVNRT, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba .
• Uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo sekuqhubeke isikhathi eside noma kwenzeka njalo .
• Ukuzizwa unesizungu, unesiyezi, noma ubuthakathaka .
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula .

Ekugcineni, khumbula lokhu.

I-AVNRT iyisifo esivamile senhliziyo. Kulesi simo, inhliziyo iqala ukushaya ngokushesha kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Nakuba ingasongeli impilo ezimweni eziningi, ezinye izimpawu zingakukhathaza. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungangabazi ukubona udokotela. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuphatha lesi simo nokuthola ukwelashwa uma kudingeka. Nakekela inhliziyo yakho futhi uhlale uphilile!