Ingabe inkinga yenhliziyo ezalwa nayo ingenzeka lapho umuntu esemdala? (Isifo Senhliziyo Esizalwa Naso Sabantu Abadala - ACHD) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Wake wezwa ngesifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso, isimo esingakhula lapho umuntu emdala? Ungase ucabange, 'O, yilokho esingakuthola siseyizingane.' Kodwa akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kunezinkinga zenhliziyo esizalwa nazo, kodwa zibonisa izimpawu kuphela njengoba sikhula, noma esike saba nazo ngaphambili kodwa ziqala ukusithinta ngendlela ehlukile lapho umuntu emdala. Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla.

Kuyini isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala (ACHD)?

Kalula nje, isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso lapho umuntu eqala ukuba mdala (noma i-ACHD, njengoba odokotela besibiza kanjalo) yiqembu lezimo ezithinta isakhiwo senhliziyo yakho, into ozalwa nayo. Igama elithi "congenital" lisho ukuthi lesi sici senzeka usakhula njengomntwana osesiswini futhi sikhona lapho uzalwa. Lezi zimo zithinta indlela igazi eligeleza ngayo enhliziyweni yakho. Siphinde sibize lokhu ngokuthi "congenital heart defects."

Ezinye zalezi zimo zenhliziyo zingaba zincane kakhulu, kodwa ezinye zingaba zimbi kakhulu. Kuye ngohlobo lwesifo senhliziyo kanye nobunzima baso, abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu baze babe badala. Abanye bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Futhi kukhona abanye, ngisho noma belashwa ngalezi zimo besebancane, abangase babe nezimpawu njengemiphumela yesikhathi eside lapho sebekhulile.

Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle . Ngokuthuthuka kokuxilongwa nokwelashwa, izinga lokusinda kwabantu abane-ACHD likhuphuke kakhulu. Abantu abangaphezu kuka-90% abatholakala bene-ACHD besebancane basinda baze babe badala . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utholakale une-ACHD useyingane noma usemdala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi uzodinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha impilo yonke ukuze kuqashwe isimo sakho.

Yiziphi izingxenye zenhliziyo ezingathinteka yi-ACHD?

Manje ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zenhliziyo ezingathinteka yilesi simo, i-'ACHD'. Cabanga ngenhliziyo yakho njengomshini omncane, kodwa obaluleke kakhulu. Kunezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko zenhliziyo ezihilelekile kulokhu:

• Imithambo yegazi: Lezi yizakhiwo ezifana nepayipi ezithwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni yakho liye emzimbeni wakho bese libuyela enhliziyweni yakho. Imithambo yegazi ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni yakho liye ezicutshini zomzimba wakho. Imithambo yegazi ithwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo libuyele enhliziyweni yakho.
• Amagumbi enhliziyo: La magumbi alawula ukushaya nokugeleza kwegazi kwenhliziyo yakho. Kunezindawo ezimbili eziphezulu (i-atria yesokudla nesobunxele) kanye namagumbi amabili aphansi (ama-ventricle esokudla nesobunxele). La magumbi ahlukaniswe udonga lwezicubu (i-septum).
• Ama-valve enhliziyo: Inhliziyo yakho inama-valve amane. Lawa afana neminyango esiza ukugeleza kwegazi ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Lawa ma-valve akhonaLawa angama-'valvu ye-aorta', i-'valvu ye-mitral', i-'valvu yamaphaphu', kanye ne -'valvu ye-tricuspid' .

Ngakho-ke, ku-'ACHD', iphutha lingenzeka kunoma iyiphi yalezi zingxenye.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-ACHD?

Manje ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-'ACHD'. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale sengathi kungokwezokwelapha, kodwa ngizokuchaza kalula ukuze uqonde.

Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi

Ngezinye izikhathi imithambo yakho yegazi ingaba mincane kakhulu kwezinye izindawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhliziyo yakho kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Noma, imithambo ingaphazamiseka, okuvumela igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ukuthi ligeleze liye emzimbeni kanye negazi elinomoya-mpilo ukuthi ligeleze liye emaphashini. Amaphutha avame kakhulu emithambo yegazi yile:

• Ukuhlangana kwe-aorta (ukuncipha kakhulu kwe-aorta)
• I-Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (umthambo wegazi obekufanele uvaleke ngemva kokuzalwa uhlala uvulekile)
• I-stenosis yemithambo yamaphaphu
• `Ukuguqulwa kwemithambo emikhulu` (ukuguqulwa kwemithambo emibili eyinhloko ephuma enhliziyweni)
• `Ukubuya kwemithambo yegazi yamaphaphu okungavamile` (umthambo wamaphaphu oxhuma endaweni engafanele)

Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo

Ama-valve enhliziyo yakho angaba mancane kakhulu, angavaleki kahle, avaleke ngokuphelele, noma akhubazeke. Lezi zimo zenza kube nzima ngenhliziyo yakho ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wakho. Amaphutha e-valve yenhliziyo avame kakhulu yile:

• `Isifo se-aortic valve ye-Bicuspid` (kukhona amapheshana amabili kuphela ku-aortic valve esikhundleni samapheshana amathathu avamile)
• `I-Ebstein's anomaly` (iphutha elikhulu ku-valve ye-tricuspid)
• Ukwehla kwe-valve ye-Mitral (MVP)

Amaphutha e-Septal

Lezi yizimbobo odongeni lwezicubu (i-`septum`) phakathi kwamakamelo amabili aphezulu (i-atria) noma amakamelo amabili aphansi (i-mitra) enhliziyo. Lokhu kuvumela igazi elinomoya-mpilo ovela emaphashini ukuthi lihlangane negazi elingenayo umoya-mpilo elivela emzimbeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi eliphuma enhliziyweni lingase libe nomoya-mpilo omncane kunokuvamile. 'Izinkinga ze-septal' ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• I-Atrial septal defect (ASD) (imbobo odongeni phakathi kwe-atria)
• I-Patent foramen ovale (PFO) (imbobo encane phakathi kwe-atria okufanele ivaleke ngemva kokuzalwa)
• I-Ventricular septal defect (VSD) (imbobo odongeni phakathi kwama-ventricle)

Ubani ongaba ne-ACHD?

Lesi simo se-'ACHD' singaba khona kubantu banoma yiluphi ubulili, ubudala, noma uhlanga. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo, isibonelo 'i-Atrial septal defect (ASD)' , 'i-Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)' , kanye ne-'Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)', zivame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Futhi, 'i-Aortic coarctation' , 'i-Tetralogy of Fallot'(Lokhu futhi kuyinhlanganisela yeziphambeko ezine eziyinkimbinkimbi zenhliziyo) futhi izimo ezifana nokuthi 'Ukuguqulwa kwemithambo emikhulu' zivame kakhulu kwabesilisa.

Enye into ukuthi abantu abanezifo ezithile zofuzo, isibonelo , i-Down syndrome noma i-Turner syndrome , banamathuba amaningi okuthola ezinye zalezi ziphazamiso zenhliziyo zokuzalwa nazo.

E-United States kuphela, kubikwa ukuthi abantu abadala ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-1.4 bahlushwa yi-ACHD. Kuthiwa inani labantu abane-ACHD landa cishe ngo-5% minyaka yonke. Kunabantu abaningi abanezimo ezinjalo eSri Lanka, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi abazange baxilongwe kahle, noma kungenzeka ukuthi belashwe besebancane futhi baphuthelwa ukulandelwa okukhethekile lapho sebekhulile ngenxa yokungazi.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-ACHD?

Abacwaningi abakayazi imbangela eqondile ye-ACHD. Ezinye izimo ze-ACHD zingase zivele emindenini (okungukuthi, zingazuzwa njengefa). I-ACHD ivame ukubonakala ihambisana nezifo noma izinkinga zofuzo ezifana ne-Down syndrome kanye ne-Turner syndrome.

Futhi, uma umama ebhekana nezimo ezithile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, umntwana angaba sengozini enkulu yokuthola i-ACHD. Isibonelo:

• Uma umama ethola i-rubella noma i-flu (flu) ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
• Uma umama enesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 noma isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 .
• Uma uphuza imithi ethile yezinto ezifana ne-acne, i-bipolar disorder, noma i-seizures.
• Uma uphuza imithi yobuhlungu njenge -ibuprofen phakathi noma ngemva kwamasonto angu-30 okukhulelwa.

Okubalulekile: Lokhu akusho ukuthi uma lezi zinto zenzeka, umntwana uzoqala ukuba nesifo senhliziyo. Lezi yizici kuphela ezandisa ingozi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-ACHD?

Izimpawu ze-ACHD zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kuncike ezintweni ezifana neminyaka yakho, ukuthi zingaki izinkinga zenhliziyo onazo, ubukhulu besifo senhliziyo yakho, kanye nohlobo lwe-ACHD onalo.

Abanye abantu abane-ACHD ababonisi zimpawu . Kodwa uma uzibona, zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukushintsha kombala wezinzipho, izindebe, kanye nesikhumba (i-cyanosis). Lokhu kubangelwa ukwehla kwenani lomoya-mpilo egazini.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukukhathala, ikakhulukazi ukuzizwa ukhathele ngokushesha ngemva kokwenza ngisho nomsebenzi omncane.
• Ukuzwa umsindo wenhliziyo ongajwayelekile ('ukububula kwenhliziyo'). Lokhu kuyinto udokotela angakuzwa lapho elalele nge-'stethoscope'.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile). Ungase uzizwe sengathi indlela inhliziyo yakho eshaya ngayo isishintshile.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya).
• Ukuvuvukala (ukuvuvukala) kwamaqakala, izinyawo, noma izandla.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela ngakho.

Itholakala kanjani i-ACHD?

Uma ubona udokotela onalezi zimpawu, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nesifo senhliziyo, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi balalele inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela angenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa isimo se-ACHD:

• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter enkabeni yenhliziyo: Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa. Kule nqubo, ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) lidluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi enkabeni yakho liye enhliziyweni yakho.
• `I-X-ray yesifuba` (ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray yesifuba).
• I-Echocardiogram (echo): Lokhu kufana nokuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Kungabheka ukuma nokusebenza kwenhliziyo.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kokuzivocavoca: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isabela kanjani lapho uzivocavoca.
• `I-Heart MRI` (i-Heart MRI scan) kanye ne -`Heart CT scan` (i-Heart CT scan). Lokhu kungathola izithombe ezinemininingwane zenhliziyo.
• I-pulse oximetry: Lokhu kulinganisa izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini. Kulinganiswa ngokunamathisela into efana ne-clip emunweni noma endlebeni.
• I-Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE): Lokhu kufana nokuhlolwa kwe-echo, kodwa i-ultrasound probe idluliselwa emphinjeni bese ihlolwa eduze kwenhliziyo.

Lezi zivivinyo zivumela udokotela ukuthi aqonde kahle isimo sakho.

Iphathwa kanjani i-ACHD?

Ezinye izinkinga ezincane zenhliziyo ozalwa nazo zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa . Kodwa-ke, kufanele uhlolwe njalo inhliziyo nodokotela wenhliziyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sakho asibi sibi kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-ACHD kuncike ohlotsheni kanye nobukhali besimo. Ngakho-ke, izinketho zokwelapha ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa:

• Imithi: Kunemithi ethile engasiza inhliziyo yakho ukuthi isebenze kangcono. Isibonelo:
• Ama-ACE inhibitors kanye nama-calcium channel blockers (lokhu futhi kusiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi).
• Ama-anticoagulant (imithi evimbela ukujiya kwegazi).
• Ama-Beta-blockers (alawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo).
• Amaphilisi amanzi (ama-diuretics) (anciphisa ukunqwabelana koketshezi okungadingekile emzimbeni).
• Amadivayisi enhliziyo afakwayo: Udokotela wakho angase afake i -pacemaker ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho noma i -cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) efakwayo ukulungisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia).
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwenhliziyo: Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, lokhu kungasetshenziswa njengenqubo yokuxilonga kanye neyokwelapha. Kusetshenziselwa ukulungisa amaphutha afana namaphutha e-atrial septal (ASD). Kungasetshenziswa futhi ukwandisa imithambo emincane (i-angioplasty) noma ama-valve (i-valvotomy) ngokudlulisa ibhaluni elincane nge-catheter.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Udokotela ohlinzayo angalungisa noma ashintshe i-valve eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yenhliziyo yakho (ukuhlinzwa kwe-valve yenhliziyo). Lokhu kungaba ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvulekile noma ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okungangenisi kakhulu. Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo kwenziwa futhi ukulungisa izinkinga zenhliziyo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuzalwa nazo.
• Ukufakelwa inhliziyo: Abantu abanesifo senhliziyo esibi kakhulu nesisongela ukuphila bangase badinge ukufakelwa inhliziyo ngokuphelele, kodwa lokhu kuyindlela yokugcina.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-ACHD?

Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-ACHD zifaka:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (`Arrhythmia`).
• Ukutheleleka kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo (i-endocarditis).
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo (noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuqina kwemisipha).
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu.
• Isifo sohlangothi.

Uma inkinga yenhliziyo yakho yokuzalwa ingatholakalanga futhi yelashwe kusenesikhathi, ingozi yakho yokuthola lezi zinkinga iphakeme.

Uyini umbono womuntu one-ACHD?

Uma une-ACHD, umbono wakho uncike ohlotsheni lwesifo senhliziyo ozalwa naso, ubukhali baso, kanye nokwelashwa okutholayo. Iningi labantu abathola ukwelashwa okuhle baphila impilo evamile nesebenzayo. Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela.

Uzinakekela kanjani uma une-ACHD?

Uma une-ACHD, ungenza lezi zinto ukuze uzinakekele:

• Phila impilo enempilo. Yidla kahle, phuza kahle, uvivinye umzimba (njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho), futhi ugweme ukubhema ngokuphelele.
• Tshela bonke odokotela bakho nodokotela bamazinyo ukuthi une-ACHD. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kudingeka bakuqaphele lokhu lapho bekwelapha.
• Bonana nodokotela wenhliziyo ogxile kwi-ACHD njalo ukuze isimo sakho siqashwe.
• Ngaphambi kwezinqubo zezokwelapha nezamazinyo, thatha ama-antibiotic uma kunconywa udokotela wakho wenhliziyo.Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela izifo ezifana ne-endocarditis.
• Nakekela amazinyo akho kahle futhi ubonane nodokotela wamazinyo njalo. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba izifo zamazinyo zingathinta inhliziyo yakho.
• Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho kusengaphambili. Ukukhulelwa kufanele kuphathwe ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile uma une-ACHD.

Kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha nini?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, shayela u-911 noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Lezi kungaba izimpawu zokwehluleka kwenhliziyo:

• Ukuphefumula okuphuthumayo noma okwandayo.
• Ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe esiswini noma emilenzeni engezansi.
• Ukukhathala okukhulu, okungavamile ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Futhi, uma uthola noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha ezihlobene ne-ACHD, noma uma ukhathazekile ngesibonakaliso esikhona, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla...

Isifo Senhliziyo Sokuzalwa Kwabantu Abadala (i-ACHD) sibhekisela emaphutheni esakhiweni senhliziyo yakho akhona lapho uzalwa. Lokhu kungathinta indlela igazi eligeleza ngayo enhliziyweni yakho. Ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, imisindo yenhliziyo engavamile, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya, noma ungase ungabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu.

Odokotela bangelapha lesi simo ngemithi, izitho zenhliziyo, kanye nokuhlinzwa. Uma une-ACHD encane, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inzima kangakanani, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wenhliziyo njalo ukuze ahlolwe. Khumbula, abantu abaningi abane-ACHD baphila impilo enempilo, egcwele, esebenzayo. Ngakho-ke ungesabi, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela, futhi unakekele inhliziyo yakho!

Isifo senhliziyo, ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzelwe nakho, abantu abadala, inhliziyo, imithambo yegazi, ama-valve enhliziyo, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, i-ACHD, isifo senhliziyo esizelwe nakho, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo