Wake wazibuza ukuthi sikugaya kanjani ukudla okunamafutha esikudlayo, i-sambol kakhukhunathi esiyidla nelayisi, noma inhlanzi ye-kirikos elungiselelwe kahle emizimbeni yethu? Uhlelo olumangalisayo emzimbeni wethu luyasiza kulo msebenzi. Lolu hlelo lufana nomuthi onamagatsha asakazekile. Namuhla sikhuluma ngalolu hlelo lwe-biliary (Biliary Tree), olubalulekile enqubweni yethu yokugaya ukudla futhi futhi lwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekususeni imfucuza emizimbeni yethu.
Kalula nje, uyini umuthi wenyongo?
Uhlelo lwenyongo luyinethiwekhi yezitho nemigudu ekhiqiza, igcine, futhi ithuthe inyongo emizimbeni yethu. Lubizwa nangokuthi ``Biliary Tract'' noma ``Biliary System'' ngesiNgisi. Lubizwa ngokuthi ``Biliary Tree'' ngoba lubukeka njengomuthi. Amagatsha amancane alo muthi abizwa ngokuthi amanyongo. Izitho eziyinhloko zalolu hlelo yilezi:
- Isibindi: Lena yifektri eyinhloko eyenza inyongo.
- Inyongo: Lesi yisikhwama esincane esigcina ingxenye yenyongo ekhiqizwa yisibindi.
- Amathumbu amancane: Inyongo ifika ekugcineni futhi iqoqana lapha.
Konke lokhu kuhlangene kusekela kakhulu inqubo yethu yokugaya ukudla.
Yiziphi izingxenye zalolu hlelo kanye nemisebenzi yazo?
Cabanga ngakho njengohlelo lwamanzi lwedolobha. Ingxenye ngayinye inomsebenzi wayo othize. Ake sibheke ingxenye ngayinye ngayinye.
| Isitho/ingxenye | Umsebenzi ulula. |
|---|---|
| Isibindi | Lena yindawo eyinhloko lapho kukhiqizwa khona i-bile. Iphinde iqoqe imfucuza, i-cholesterol engafuneki, kanye ne-bilirubin egazini iye kwi-bile. Isibindi siphinde senze ama-bile acid, asisiza ekugayeni ukudla esikudlayo. |
| Amapayipi enyongo | Lawa amapayipi amancane afana namagatsha esihlahla. Inyongo ekhiqizwa esibindini iqoqwa futhi ithwalwe iye enyongweni nasemathunjini amancane ngalezi zimbobo. Eziningi zalezi zimbobo ezincane ziyahlangana ukuze zakhe umsele wenyongo ovamile. Leso yisiqu somuthi. |
| Inyongo | Lokhu kufana nethangi elincane lokugcina. Enye yenyongo evela esibindini igcinwa lapha. Uma sidla ukudla okunamafutha, sidinga inyongo eyengeziwe ukuze siyigaye. Ngaleso sikhathi, inyongo iyafinyela bese ikhipha inyongo egciniwe ingene emgudwini omkhulu wenyongo. |
| I-Pancreas | Nakuba ingeyona ingxenye yesistimu yenyongo ngqo, ixhunywe kuyo futhi isebenza kanye nayo. Inyongo ikhipha ama-enzyme adingekayo ukuze kugaywe ukudla. Umsele lapho la ma-enzyme angena khona ubizwa ngokuthi umsele wenyongo, ojoyina umsele wenyongo oyinhloko bese uvula ungene emathunjini amancane. |
| Amathumbu amancane | Ama-enzyme enyongo kanye ne-pancreatic ekugcineni afika lapha. Yilapho amafutha (amafutha) ekudleni ehlukaniswa khona kahle futhi agaywe. Yilapho izakhamzimba ezigaywe zimuncwa khona emzimbeni. |
Yiziphi izifo nezinkinga ezivamile ezithinta i-gallbladder?
Ngenxa yokuthi zonke izingxenye zalolu hlelo zixhumene, uma kwenzeka inkinga engxenyeni eyodwa, ingathinta nezinye izingxenye. Njengoba nje ingxenye eyodwa yohlelo lwamapayipi amanzi ivalekile, amanzi ohlelweni lonke ayayeka ukugeleza.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi uma kukhona ukuvaleka kwalesi simiso, ukugeleza kwenyongo kuyayeka. Khona-ke leyo nyongo ingabuyela emuva futhi iqoqeke egazini. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.
Lezi ezinye zezinkinga ezivame kakhulu:
- Amatshe enyongo: Lesi yisimo esivamile abantu abaningi abake bezwa ngaso. Izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol enyongweni ziyaqina zibe amatshe amancane. Uma la matshe ebhajwa emigudwini yenyongo, angavimba ukugeleza kwenyongo, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu , ukutheleleka, nezinye izinkinga.
- I-Cholestasis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwenyongo kuba kancane kakhulu noma kume ngokuphelele. Lesi simo singase senzeke ngezinye izikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ukuqina kwe-biliary:Ukutheleleka, umdlavuza, noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha kungabangela ukwakheka kwezicubu zesilonda ngaphakathi komsele we-bile, kuvimbe umsele. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuthi i-bile igeleze.
- Isifo sesibindi: Ukusebenza kwesibindi kuyaphazamiseka ngenxa yomonakalo wesibindi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuholela ekungakwazini ukukhiqiza inyongo ngendlela efanele.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, umdlavuza (umdlavuza we-bile duct, umdlavuza we-gallbladder, umdlavuza we-pancreatic) kanye nezinye izimo ezithile zezokwelapha nazo zingathinta uhlelo lwe-biliary.
Wazi kanjani ukuthi unale nkinga? Ziyini izimpawu?
Uma kunenkinga ngesistimu yakho yenyongo, umzimba wakho uzokunikeza izimpawu ezahlukene ngayo. Uma unenye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.
| Isibonakaliso | Kuchazwe kalula |
|---|---|
| I-Jaundice | Okumhlophe kwamehlo nesikhumba kuba phuzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyongo ayikhishwa kahle, futhi i-bilirubin ephuzi ekwi-pigment iqoqana egazini. |
| Ubuhlungu besisu esingaphezulu | Ubuhlungu ohlangothini lwesokudla lwesisu, ngaphansi kwezimbambo. Lobuhlungu bungabangelwa isibindi, inyongo, noma imisele yenyongo. |
| Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu (i-biliary colic) | Lokhu akusikho ubuhlungu besisu obuvamile. Kuwubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obungabekezeleleki obuvela ngokuzumayo lapho itshe lenyongo libhajwa enyongweni. Kungase futhi kuhambisane nesicanucanu nokuhlanza. |
| Indle enamafutha, ekhanyayo (i-Steatorrhea) | Uma inyongo ingafiki kahle emathunjini amancane, amafutha ekudleni awagaywa. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi indle ibe mhlophe, ibe namafutha, futhi intante emanzini. |
Ezinye izimpawu
- Umchamo onombala omnyama (njengamanzi etiye)
- Ukuklwebha isikhumba
- Ngikhathele kakhulu.
- Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu
- Imfiva
Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Bonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Odokotela bazixilonga kanjani lezi zimo?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekuxilonga. Angase acele ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungahlola amazinga ama-enzyme esibindini kanye nakuma-pancreas ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo kulezo zitho zomzimba.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe:
- Ukuskena nge-ultrasound: Lokhu kungabona kalula izinto ezifana namatshe enyongo nokuvuvukala.
- I-CT scan: Lokhu kunganikeza isithombe esicacile sengaphakathi lomzimba.
- Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile:
- I-MRCP (i-Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography): Lolu uhlobo lwe-MRI scan. Lusetshenziselwa ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane ze-bile ducts kanye ne-pancreatic ducts.
- I-ERCP (i-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): Lokhu kokubili ukuhlolwa kanye nokwelashwa. I-endoscope (ithubhu enekhamera enamathiselwe) ifakwa ngomlomo, kufakwe idayi emigudwini yenyongo, bese kuthathwa ama-X-ray. Uma into efana netshe inamathele ngalesi sikhathi, ingasuswa futhi.
Wenzani njengokwelashwa?
Ukwelashwa kuncike esimweni sakho sezokwelapha.
- Ukugeleza kwenyongo: Uma umsele wenyongo uvaliwe, ngezinye izikhathi ithubhu elincane lifakwa esiswini ukuze kukhishwe inyongo eningi eqongelelekile.
- Ukwelashwa nge-Endoscopic: Ngesikhathi se-ERCP, kungafakwa ithubhu elincane (i-stent) ukuze kususwe ukuvaleka, kuthathwe isampula yezicubu (i-biopsy), noma kugcinwe ipayipi livulekile.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Uma unamatshe enyongo, ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu ukususa inyongo ngokuhlinzwa.
Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwakho lwenyongo aluyona nje uhlelo oluhambisa inyongo. Luyisistimu ebalulekile ekusiza ukuthi ugaye ukudla, umunce izakhamzimba, futhi uhlanze ngisho negazi lakho.
Uma lolu hlelo lungasebenzi kahle, lungathinta impilo yakho iyonke, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulunakekela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isihlahla senyongo siyinethiwekhi ebalulekile yezitho ezisiza imizimba yethu ukugaya ukudla nokususa imfucuza.
- Uma isikhumba noma amehlo akho ephenduka aphuzi (i-jaundice), unesihlungu esinzima engxenyeni engenhla kwesokudla yesisu sakho, noma indle yakho ishintshe umbala, kungaba uphawu lwenkinga ohlelweni lwe-bile.
- Ungazinaki lezi zimpawu. Lezi kungaba izimpawu zesimo esibucayi sezokwelapha, ngakho-ke bonana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze uthole iseluleko sezokwelapha.
- Ungasiza futhi ekugcineni impilo yesistimu yakho yenyongo ngokugcina ukudla okunempilo nokulawula isisindo somzimba wakho.
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