Ake sifunde kabanzi ngohlelo lwakho lwenyongo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlelo olumangalisayo emzimbeni wethu olusisiza ukugaya ukudla esikudlayo. Lubizwa ngokuthi i-Biliary System . Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa leli gama ngaphambili. Kalula nje, luyinethiwekhi yezitho nemigudu exhumene ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Lufana nefektri encane esiza umzimba wethu.

Iyini i-Biliary System? Kungani ibalulekile kithi?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi luyini lolu hlelo lwe-biliary. Lolu uhlelo olwenza, lugcine, futhi lukhiphe i-bile ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla uma kudingeka. Ungase uzibuze ukuthi iyini i-bile. I-Bile iwuketshezi oluphuzi-luhlaza olukhiqizwa yisibindi sethu . Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukusiza ekugayeni ukudla esikudlayo, ikakhulukazi ukudla okunamafutha.

Ngakho-ke, lolu hlelo lwe-bile lunomsebenzi obalulekile. Okusho ukuthi, lusiza ekususeni eminye yemfucuza emzimbeni wethu ngale bile. Okusho ukuthi, lolu hlelo alugcini nje ngokusiza ekugayweni kokudla, kodwa futhi lusiza ekugcineni imizimba yethu ihlanzekile. Uyaqonda? Yingakho lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kithi.

Ikuphi isimiso senyongo? Yiziphi izingxenye zaso eziyinhloko?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi lolu hlelo lwe-biliary lukuphi emzimbeni wethu. Lutholakala engxenyeni engenhla yesisu sethu. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, uhlangothi lwesokudla yilapho iningi lezitho zomzimba likhona.

Kunezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko zalolu hlelo:

Isibindi: Umpheki oyinhloko womzimba wethu!

Isibindi singumdlali oyinhloko kulesi simiso. Senza i-bile . Hhayi lokho kuphela, kodwa ngenkathi sihlanza igazi lethu, siphinde sihlukanise imfucuza efana ne-cholesterol eyengeziwe kanye ne -bilirubin (enikeza i-bile umbala wayo ophuzi) bese iyifaka e-bile. Ama-bile acid e-bile nawo enziwa yisibindi, esiphinde sisebenzise i-cholesterol. Lawa ma-bile acid asiza amathumbu ethu amancane ukugaya ukudla. I-bile, eqoqana ngemifudlana ye-bile emincane kakhulu ngaphakathi kwesibindi ('imigudu ye-intrahepatic'), bese ingezwa emifudlaneni emikhulu ye-bile ephuma esibindini ('imigudu ye-extrahepatic').

Amapayipi enyongo: izindlela ezincane ezithwala inyongo

Lezi yizimbobo eziqoqa inyongo ekhiqizwa esibindini bese ziyiyisa kulo lonke uhlelo. Izimbobo ezincane ziyahlangana bese ekugcineni zihlangana zibe yimbobo enkulu ebizwa ngokuthi imbobo evamile . Lembobo evamile ixhunywe ngqo engxenyeni yokuqala yamathumbu ethu amancane, i-duodenum . Lembobo evamile ixhunywe futhi nembobo evamile yesibindi evela esibindini, imbobo ye-cystic evela enyongweni, kanye nembobo ye-pancreatic evela enyongweni. Cabanga ngayo njengendawo lapho kuhlangana khona imigwaqo.

Inyongo: Igumbi elincane lokugcina izinto

Cishe ingxenye yenyongo evela esibindini iya ngqo ku-pancreas nge-duct enkulu yenyongo, kodwa enye ingxenye iya kwi-gallbladder . Lesi isitho esincane esifana nesikhwama esitholakala ngaphansi kwesibindi. Yilapho inyongo igcinwa khona futhi igoqene. Lapho amathumbu ethu amancane ethola ukudla okuqukethe amafutha namaprotheni, adinga inyongo eyengeziwe ukuze ayigaye. Ngemuva kwalokho amathumbu amancane athumela isignali kwinyongo, ethi, "Kulungile, thumela inyongo manje." Ngaleso sikhathi, inyongo iyafinyela bese ikhipha inyongo eyengeziwe nge-duct.

I-Pancreas: Omunye umsizi obalulekile

Ama-pancreas ethu atholakala ngemuva kwesisu. Ama-pancreas nawo ayasabela ezimpawini ezivela kuma-pancreas. Kodwa awakhiphi i-bile. Akhipha ingxube yama -enzyme asiza ekugayeni ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, namafutha. Lawa ma-enzyme ahamba nge-pancreatic duct futhi aqoqe lapho i-duct eyinhloko ye-bile ihlangana khona ne-pancreas. Ngezinye izikhathi leli qoqo, indawo encane lapho ama-enzyme e-bile kanye ne-pancreatic aqoqeka khona okwesikhashana, libizwa ngokuthi i-ampulla ye-Vater .

Amathumbu amancane – ikakhulukazi i-duodenum: indawo lapho konke kuhlangana khona

Ingxenye yokuqala yamathumbu ethu amancane ibizwa ngokuthi i-duodenum . Yilapho uhlelo lwe-biliary kanye nalo lonke uhlelo lwethu lokugaya ukudla kuhlangana khona. Uma i-bile isifikile emathunjini amancane, ama-bile acid akuwo ayahlukaniswa. Imfucuza esele idluliselwa esitulweni. Ama-bile acid ahlukanisiwe asiza ekuqhekekeni kwamafutha emathunjini. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-bile acid aphinde amuncwe ngezindonga zamathumbu aye egazini bese ebuyiselwa esibindini. Lokhu kufana 'nokuphinda kusetshenziswe'.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezingathinta uhlelo lwe-biliary?

Ngenxa yokuthi zonke izitho zomzimba kanye nemigudu yomgudu wokugaya ukudla kuxhumene kakhulu, uma isifo sivela endaweni eyodwa, singathinta kalula ezinye izindawo. Ngokukhethekile, ukutheleleka kanye nokuvuvukala kungasakazeka ezithweni eziseduze eduze kwemigudu yokugaya ukudla. Futhi, uma okuthile kuvimbela ukugeleza kwe-bile, kuthinta lonke uhlelo.

Nazi ezinye izifo ezivamile ezingavela kulesi simiso:

• Amatshe enyongo: Lesi yisimo esivamile abantu abaningi abake bezwa ngaso. Uma amatshe akheka enyongo futhi ehlala emigudwini yenyongo, ikakhulukazi i-common bile duct, angabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukuvuvukala kwenyongo (i-cholecystitis), futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ne-pancreas ingavuvukala, esiyibiza ngokuthi i-gallstone pancreatitis .
• I-Cholestasis:Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwenyongo kuncipha noma kuvimbe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuthi isibindi asikhiqizi inyongo kahle, noma imigudu yenyongo ingase ivimbe ngandlela thile.
• Ukuqina kwenyongo: Ukuvuvukala kwenyongo isikhathi eside kungabangela ukwakheka kwezicubu zesilonda, kunciphise futhi kuvimbe inyongo. Lokhu kungabangelwa izifo ezizuzwe njengefa noma izifo ezizimele .
• Isifo sesibindi: Isifo sesibindi sesikhathi eside singabangela izibazi ezicubu zesibindi, okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi kancane kancane. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-cirrhosis . Isibindi asibe sisaba khona ukukhiqiza inyongo eyanele.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izifo:

• I-pancreatitis engapheli
• Ama-cysts e-pancreatic
• I-Biliary dyskinesia (ukungasebenzi kahle kwenyongo)
• I-cholangitis eyinhloko ye-sclerosing
• I-cholangitis eyinhloko ye-biliary
• I-Biliary atresia (isimo sokuzalwa)
• Ukungamuncwa kahle kwe-asidi ye-bile
• Umdlavuza we-bile duct (`Umdlavuza we-bile duct` / `I-Cholangiocarcinoma`)
• Umdlavuza wesibindi
• Umdlavuza we-pancreatic
• Umdlavuza wenyongo
• Umdlavuza we-ampullary

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo se-biliary system? Qaphela lezi!

Uma kunenkinga ngesistimu yenyongo, umzimba wethu usinika izinkomba eziningana. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqaphele lezi zimpawu.

• I-Jaundice: Lesi yisimo lapho amhlophe emehlweni nasesikhumbeni ephenduka abe phuzi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-bile ingakwazi ukugeleza kahle, ivaleke ohlelweni, bese iqoqana egazini. I-Bile inikezwa umbala wayo ophuzi yi-pigment ebizwa ngokuthi i-bilirubin .
• I-Biliary colic: Lolu uhlobo oluthile lobuhlungu. Ngokuvamile luvela ngokushesha ngemva kokudla. Lobuhlungu buvela lapho i-gallbladder ifinyela futhi ikhipha i-bile ingene emgudwini omkhulu we-bile, bese kuba nokuvinjelwa (njengetshe). Ubuhlungu buyanda kancane kancane, bufike esicongweni, bese buncipha kancane kancane.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Lezi zimpawu ezimbili zivame ukuhambisana nobuhlungu benyongo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kanye ne-jaundice, isicanucanu esiqhubekayo nokuhlanza kungenzeka. Lokhu kubangelwa ubuthi benyongo obuqongelela egazini.
• I-Steatorrhea: Uma ama-bile noma ama-bile acid engafiki emathunjini amancane ngendlela efanele ngesizathu esithile, amafutha ekudleni esikudlayo awagaywa noma amuncwe umzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, amafutha akhishwa kanye nendle. Indle ingaba namafutha futhi intante phezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kungase kube nezinye izimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu besisu esingaphezulu.
• Umchamo onombala omnyama.
• Ukudideka noma ukukhubazeka okuncane kokuqonda.

Okubalulekile: Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Uma lesi sifo sisheshe sitholakale, kuba lula ukwelapha.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezingasiza ekunqumeni impilo yesistimu yami ye-biliary?

Uma unezimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi kwenziwe izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yalesi simiso.

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi (ama-LFT) kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-pancreas kubheka ama-enzyme esibindi nama-pancreatic aphezulu. Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) kungabheka ukubalwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi okuphezulu. Ukubalwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi okuphezulu kungabonisa ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo okufana ne -ultrasound yesisu noma i-CT scan kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvaleka noma ukuvuvukala noma kuphi ohlelweni lwe-biliary.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ezikhethekile: Kunezivivinyo ezikhethekile ezingabheka ngokujulile ohlelweni lwe-biliary. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:
• I-ultrasound ye-Endoscopic (EUS)
• I-Hepatobiliary scintigraphy (i-HIDA scan)
• I-Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
• I-Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Lokhu kusetshenziswa njengesivivinyo kanye nakwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo zesimiso se-biliary?

Into engcono kakhulu ukuthi manje sekukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwezifo eziningi zesimiso senyongo. Indlela yokwelapha iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo kanye nobunzima baso.

• Ukukhipha inyongo: Lena inqubo elula. Kwenziwa ukususa inyongo eningi eqongeleleke emigudwini yenyongo. Udokotela ufaka ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) odongeni lwesisu sakho liye ohlelweni lwakho lwenyongo bese ekhipha inyongo ngalo.
• Ukwelashwa nge-Endoscopic: Ngesikhathi senqubo ye -ERCP , ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingenziwa nge-endoscope (ithubhu elincane elinekhamera enamathiselwe). Isibonelo, uma kukhona ukuvaleka, kungasuswa, kuthathwe isampula yezicubu (i-biopsy), noma kufakwe ithubhu elincane ( i-stent ) ukuze kugcinwe ipayipi livulekile.

Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinjengamatshe enyongo, ukuhlinzwa kokususa inyongo (i-cholecystectomy) kungadingeka. Ngomdlavuza, ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi njengokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungadingeka.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine uhlelo lwethu lwe-biliary luphilile?

"Ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha." Okusho ukuthi, kungcono ukuvimbela isifo ngaphambi kokuba sivele kunokuselapha ngemva kokuba sivele. Ngakho-ke, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine uhlelo lwethu lwe-biliary luphilile.

• Gcina ukudla okunempilo: Yidla ukudla okuningi okungacutshungulwanga, okwemvelo (ukudla okuphelele) ngangokunokwenzeka. Nciphisa ukudla okunoshukela omningi namafutha agcwele. Lokhu kuzogcina isibindi sakho siphilile futhi kulawule amazinga akho e-cholesterol. Khumbula, i-cholesterol eningi ingaholela ematsheni enyongo kanye nesifo sesibindi esinamafutha.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kanye nemithi engadingekile: Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nangokungadingekile kotshwala kanye nemithi, njengeminye imithi yobuhlungu, kuyizimbangela ezinkulu zamatshe enyongo kanye nesifo sesibindi. Uma unesifo senyongo, lezi zinto zingenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
• Thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha: Ezinye izifo zesimiso senyongo zingahlala emzimbeni isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, ungaphuthelwa ukuhlolwa kwakho okuvamile kwezokwelapha ('ukuhlolwa kwempilo'). Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kukhona isifo, singatholakala esiteji sokuqala. Futhi, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemithi oyithathayo bese uthola ukuthi iyingozi yini esibindini.

Ngakho-ke, into yokugcina ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule! (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uhlelo lwethu lwenyongo luyingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lwethu lokugaya ukudla kanye nohlelo lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi. Uma lungasebenzi kahle, lungathinta yonke into kusukela ekugayweni kwethu kuya ekudleni kwethu. Lungavumela futhi ubuthi ukuthi buqongeleleke emizimbeni yethu bubuyele egazini lethu.

Izitho zomzimba kulesi simiso, njengesibindi kanye ne-pancreas, zineminye imisebenzi eminingi. Ngakho-ke, uma lezi zitho zigula, ngeke kuthinte nje kuphela uhlelo lwe-biliary, kodwa nezinye izinhlelo ezihlobene nalezi zitho. Ngakho-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-biliary olunempilo lubalulekile emzimbeni onempilo. Nakekela umzimba wakho, futhi uma ubona noma yini engavamile, ungabi yisivila ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Uhlelo lwe - biliary, i-gallbladder, isibindi, i-bile ducts, ukugaya ukudla, i-jaundice, amatshe enyongo