Ingabe amehlo akho aphenduka aphuzi? Ake sifunde ngokuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin.

Wake wambona umntwana osanda kuzalwa onesikhumba esiphuzi kancane? Noma umuntu omdala oneso eliphuzi? Sivame ukukubiza ngokuthi 'umkhuhlane ophuzi'. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi sikhumba esiphuzi ukwanda kwezinga le-bilirubin emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini i-bilirubin, ukuthi kungani ibalulekile emzimbeni wethu, kanye nakho konke mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin okwenziwayo ukuthola ngakho.

Kalula nje, iyini i-bilirubin?

I-Bilirubin yinto ekhiqizwa yimizimba yethu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ingumbala ophuzi ophuzi. Cabanga ngakho, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi emizimbeni yethu nawo aphila isikhathi esithile. Lapho lawa maseli abomvu ephuka ngemva kwesikhashana, i-bilirubin ikhiqizwa njengomkhiqizo ohambisana naleyo nqubo.

Ngakho-ke i-bilirubin eyakheka ngale ndlela iya esibindini sethu ngegazi. Isibindi siyisikhungo sokuhlanza umzimba wethu. Lokho isibindi esikwenzayo ukuthatha le bilirubin, sishintshe uhlobo lwayo lwamakhemikhali, bese siyilungisa ngendlela yokuthi ingakhishwa emzimbeni wethu. Le bilirubin elungisiwe ihlanganiswa ne-bile bese idlula emathunjini, bese ekugcineni iphuma nendle.

Leyo nkinga ingaba yinto efana nale:

• Amaseli akho abomvu egazi angase aqhekeke ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile.
• Isibindi sakho kungenzeka singasebenzi kahle futhi singase singakwazi ukucubungula kahle lo mkhiqizo we-bilirubin.
• Noma, kungaba nokuvaleka endaweni ethile endleleni kusukela esibindini kuya ngaphandle kwendle.

Kungani sidinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin?

Odokotela basebenzisa lolu vivinyo ukuxilonga izimo eziningana nokuqapha inqubekela phambili yesifo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Kuwusizo kakhulu kubantu abadala nasezinganeni ukuxilonga:

• Izifo zesibindi kanye nenyongo: Izifo zesibindi ezifana ne-cirrhosis, i-hepatitis, kanye nezimo ezifana namatshe enyongo.
• I-anemia: Kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-anemia, isibonelo, i-hemolytic anemia. Yilapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ebhujiswa ngokushesha kunalokho akhiqizwayo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile futhi ukuthola izimo ezinjalo.
• I-Jaundice: Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, lapho amazinga e-bilirubin emzimbeni ekhuphuka, isikhumba namehlo kuba phuzi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-jaundice. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela yalesi simo.

Amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin avame kakhulu ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa. Odokotela bazonquma ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka yini ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yomntwana, uhlobo, kanye nezinga le-bilirubin.

Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa?

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulinganisa amazinga e-bilirubin. Enye iwukuhlolwa komchamo, kanti enye iwukuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhlolwa komchamo okuvamile (Umbiko Ogcwele We-Urine) kubheka i-bilirubin. Uma ukuhlolwa komchamo wakho kubonisa i-bilirubin, udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze alinganise inani eliqondile egazini lakho.

I-Bilirubin ivame ukuhlolwa ngesampula yegazi. Umhlengikazi noma uchwepheshe welebhu uzothatha inani elincane legazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho esebenzisa inaliti encane. Kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa, igazi livame ukuthathwa ngokuhlaba isikhumba esithendeni ngenaliti encane. Leli sampula legazi lithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze lihlolwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenye indlela engenabuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-Transcutaneous Bilirubin Measurement . Kulokhu, udokotela ubeka idivayisi encane esifubeni noma ekhanda lakho bese eyisebenzisa ukukala amazinga e-bilirubin ngokuthumela ukukhanya okusheshayo esikhumbeni. Lokhu akudingi inalithi.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Ungase welulekwe ukuthi ungadli noma uphuze lutho amahora ama-4 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi. Futhi, udokotela wakho angakweluleka ukuthi uyeke okwesikhashana ukuthatha imithi ethile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, njengoba ingathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo.

• Imithi engakhuphula amazinga e-bilirubin: Amanye ama-antibiotic, imithi kamalaleveva, i-morphine, amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, kanye namanye ama-steroid.
• Imithi enganciphisa amazinga e-bilirubin: ama-barbiturates, i-caffeine, i-penicillin, kanye nama-salicylates anemithamo ephezulu.

Uthini umbiko wokuhlolwa?

Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-bilirubin uhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu ikakhulukazi.

1. I-Bilirubin Ephelele: Lena inani eliphelele le-bilirubin egazini.

2. I-Bilirubin Engahlanganisiwe (Engaqondile): Lena yi-bilirubin "engavuthiwe" eyakheka lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ewohloka futhi engakacutshungulwa yisibindi.

3. I-Bilirubin Ehlanganisiwe (Eqondile): Lena yi-bilirubin "ecutshungulwayo" ethathwe yayiswa esibindini, yashintshwa ngamakhemikhali, futhi yalungiselelwa ukukhishwa emzimbeni.

Ziyini amazinga ajwayelekile?

• Abantu abadala (abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18):Amazinga e-bilirubin aphelele ajwayelekile afinyelela kuma-milligram angu-1.2 nge-deciliter yegazi (1.2 mg/dl). Amazinga e-bilirubin ahlanganisiwe (aqondile) kufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-0.3 mg/dl.
• Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa: Amazinga azo e-bilirubin angaba phezulu afike ku-12 mg/dl.

Ngokuvamile, amazinga e-bilirubin kwabesilisa aphezulu kancane kunakwabesifazane.

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi izinga le-bilirubin liphezulu?

Uma izinga le-bilirubin lomuntu omdala lingaphezu kuka-2.0 mg/dl, kuyisibonakaliso se-jaundice. Uma izinga losana olusanda kuzalwa lingaphezu kuka-15 mg/dl, odokotela batusa ukwelashwa.

Izinto ezingabangela amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin:

• I-anemia
• I-cirrhosis yesibindi
• Ukusabela ekumpontshelweni igazi
• I-Gilbert Syndrome - Lesi yisimo esivamile sofuzo lapho i-enzyme esiza ekuqhekekeni kwe-bilirubin ingekho khona.
• I-Hepatitis Ebangelwa Yigciwane
• Isifo sesibindi esibangelwa utshwala
• Amatshe enyongo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzibandakanya ekuzivocavoceni okunzima kakhulu , njengokugijima i-marathon, kungakhuphula amazinga e-bilirubin okwesikhashana.

Ingabe kufanele ukhathazeke ngezinga eliphansi le-bilirubin?

Amazinga aphansi e-bilirubin awavamile ukubhekwa njengenkinga. I-caffeine noma imithi ethile ingabangela amazinga aphansi. Akuvamile ukuthi ihlotshaniswe nezifo ezithile zokuzivikela komzimba, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile akuyona imbangela yokukhathazeka.

Ngokuvamile kungathatha amahora ambalwa noma usuku ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Uma usuyitholile imiphumela, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi isho ukuthini nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe.