Ukhathazekile ngamaphaphu akho? Ake sifunde ngesifo samaphaphu amnyama!

Sonke siyazi ukuthi eminye imisebenzi inezingozi ezincane. Kodwa kuneminye imisebenzi, izingozi zayo ezingabonakali, futhi zibonakala ngemva kwesikhashana. Esinye sezifo ezinjalo "isifo samaphaphu amnyama". Abantu abasebenza ezimayini zamalahle bathambekele kakhulu kulesi simo. Lesi akusona isifo esikhula ngokuzumayo, kodwa sibonakala kancane kancane.

Iyini Isifo Samaphaphu Amnyama?

Kalula nje, isifo samaphaphu amnyama yisimo lapho amaphaphu evuvukala futhi eba nezibazi ngenxa yokuhogela izinhlayiya zothuli ezincane ezitholakala ezimayini zamalahle. Odokotela baphinde bakubize ngokuthi "i-Pneumoconiosis Yabasebenzi Bamalahle". Cabanga nje, lapho siphefumula, lezi zinhlayiya zothuli ezincane zingena emaphashini ethu. Lapho lolu thuli luqoqana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, luqala ukulimaza amaphaphu. Njengoba nje inxeba elincane lishiya isibazi, lolu thuli lubangela nezibazi (`(fibrosis)`) emaphashini. Yilokhu okubangela ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Uma uwela esitebhisini, uzizwa ngokushesha. Kodwa lesi sifo samaphaphu amnyama asinjalo. Izimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zivela eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuphefumula uthuli lwamalahle. Kodwa umonakalo emaphashini ovela kulezo zinhlayiya ezincane zothuli awubalulekile.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zesifo samaphaphu amnyama.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi sifo, kuye ngokuthi usebenze isikhathi esingakanani emayini yamalahle nokuthi uphefumula uthuli olungakanani. Zombili zibangela ubunzima bokuphefumula.

1. Isifo Esilula Samaphaphu Amnyama: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kwakheka amabala amancane amnyama emaphashini akho. Uma ubheka i-X-ray noma i-CT scan, abukeka njengamabala amancane amnyama. Kulesi simo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo, uphuze imithi yakho ngendlela efanele, ugweme ukuchayeka kakhulu othulini lwamalahle, futhi uhlolwe njalo ngezokwelapha kanye nokuhlolwa kwamaphaphu. Uma usheshe uthole lesi simo esilula, kungcono kuwe. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo.

2. Isifo Samaphaphu Amnyama Esiyinkimbinkimbi: Kulokhu, izibazi emaphashini zibanzi kakhulu futhi zingasakazeka endaweni enkulu yamaphaphu. Nakuba lezi zibazi zingelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekunciphiseni ukungakhululeki ozizwayo. Odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi `(Progressive Massive Fibrosis)`.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

Isifo samaphaphu amnyama uhlobo lwesifo samaphaphu esibizwa ngokuthi "isifo samaphaphu esingaphakathi kwe-interstitial". Lesi "sifo samaphaphu esingaphakathi kwe-interstitial" siyisifo esingavamile. Kodwa-ke, isifo samaphaphu amnyama senzeka kuphela kubavukuzi bamalahle. Phakathi kwabo, lesi sifo sivame kakhulu. Nakuba sekwaziwa amashumi eminyaka ukuthi lesi sifo sibangelwa uthuli lwamalahle, cishe u-16% wabavukuzi bamalahle basenalesi sifo. Ngokudabukisayo, leli phesenti liyakhula.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo samaphaphu amnyama?

Ungase uqale ukuzwa izimpawu eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuchayeka othulini lwamalahle. Ungase ungabi nazo izimpawu ekuqaleni. Kodwa ngalesi simo (i-Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis), izimpawu zingakhula kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimpawu eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukuzwa ukuqina esifubeni.
• Kuba nzima uma uzivocavoca noma wenza umsebenzi onzima.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula. Manje ungase uzizwe uphelelwa umoya ngisho nalapho wenza imisebenzi evamile owawuyenza ngaphandle komzamo.
• Ukukhwehlela. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kukhwehlela kungahambisana noketshezi olumnyama.

Lapho ekuxilonga, udokotela wakho angase aqaphele umsindo wokukhala noma wokuklabalasa esifubeni sakho uma uphefumula. Nakuba ungase ungakwazi ukubona ngaphandle ukuthi unephaphu elimnyama, ukuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi yiphaphu elimnyama noma esinye isifo samaphaphu ngokubheka izimpawu ezithile emaphashini akho.

Yini ebangela la mabala amnyama emaphashini?

Asikwazi ukubona zonke izinhlayiya zothuli esiziphefumulayo. Kodwa lezi zinhlayiya zothuli ezincane ezimayini zamalahle ziqukethe ikhabhoni . Futhi, kuye ngokuthi usebenza kuphi emayini kanye nohlobo lwedwala olimbayo, lolu thuli lungase luqukathe into ebizwa ngokuthi i-silica .

Uma uphefumula uthuli lwamalahle, lezi zinhlayiya ezincane zothuli zingena zijule emaphashini akho. Isimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba siyazibona lezi "zinto zakwamanye amazwe." Ngakho-ke, uhlelo luzama ukususa lezi zinhlayiya. Lesi simiso sokuzivikela komzimba yisona esibangela ukuba amaphaphu avuvuke futhi abe nezibazi, ekugcineni kuholele ezimpawini zesifo samaphaphu amnyama.

Ingabe amaphaphu akho aba mnyama uma ubhema insangu?

Ukubhema noma yini akulungile emaphashini akho. Akunandaba ukuthi insangu (noma insangu), ugwayi, ugwayi, noma yini. Uma ubhema, uphefumula izinhlayiya eziqukethe ubuthi, izinto ezicasulayo emaphashini, kanye nezinto ezibangela umdlavuza.

Ukubhema kungalimaza amaphaphu akho. Kuphinde kwandise ingozi yakho yokuthola izinkinga zokuphefumula ezifana nokukhwehlela okungapheli, i-bronchitis, i-COPD (isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona), kanye nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, ukubhema akukubangeli i-Pneumoconiosis yabasebenzi bamalahle. Lesi sifo samaphaphu sibangelwa amalahle kuphela.

Ingabe ukubhema i-vape kwenza amaphaphu akho abe mnyama?

Njengokubhema, ukufutha kulimaza amaphaphu, kodwa akudali amaphaphu amnyama. Kodwa-ke, ukufutha (nokubhema) kungenza izimpawu zamaphaphu amnyama zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Kodwa ukuvapha nge-vape kuza nezingozi zako. Uma uvapha nge-vape, usebenzisa i-'vape pen' (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-'e-cigarette') ukuze ushise uketshezi ku-'vapor' bese uluphefumula (kungaba ugwayi, insangu, noma okunye). Uma uvapha nge-vape, izinhlayiya oziphefumulayo nazo zibangela impendulo yomzimba emaphashini akho. Kodwa akubizwa ngokuthi isifo samaphaphu amnyama. Kungabangela izibazi emaphashini, ukulimala kwezitho zomzimba, kanye nesimo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi `(EVALI)` (ukulimala kwamaphaphu nge-e-cigarette noma i-vaping).

Ingabe isifo samaphaphu amnyama siyathelelana?

Cha, isifo samaphaphu amnyama asithelelani. Awukwazi ukusithola komunye umuntu, futhi awukwazi ukusithola komunye umuntu. Futhi akusona isifo "esiwufuzo". Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola isifo samaphaphu amnyama ukumba amalahle.

Ingabe lokhu kubangelwa yigciwane noma igciwane?

Ngisho noma ungase uzizwe ugula ngesifo samaphaphu amnyama, akusona isifo esibangelwa igciwane noma amagciwane. Njengoba nje umzimba wakho usabela ezintweni zangaphandle ezifana namagciwane namagciwane, amasosha omzimba wakho asebenza yizinhlayiya zothuli oziphefumulayo emayini yamalahle. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kusabela kwamasosha omzimba kungakwenza uzizwe sengathi unesifo somkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane.

Yiziphi izinkinga zesifo samaphaphu amnyama?

Kunezinye izimo eziningana ezingathi sína (izinkinga) ezingase zivele ngenxa yalesi sifo:

• Isifo Sofuba (i-TB)
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu

I-Pneumoconiosis Yabasebenzi Bamalahle itholakala kanjani?

Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, udokotela wakho uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nomlando wakho womsebenzi. Bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Uma kudingeka, bazophinde ba-ode ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuze kutholakale lesi simo?

Uma i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-computed tomography scan (CT scan) iphakamisa ukuthi ungase ube nephaphu elimnyama, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uhlolwe kaningana (ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu) ukuze abone ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi iphaphu elimnyama liwathinte kanjani amaphaphu akho. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingabheka lezi zilinganiso kamuva ukuze lihlole ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza noma ukuthi isimo sakho siya siba sibi yini.

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingaphinde li-ode ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi "igesi yegazi lemithambo yegazi" ukuhlola amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo. Uma uhlolwa ukuze uthole isinxephezelo sesifo samaphaphu amnyama, lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa kabili: kanye ngenkathi uhleli unganyakazi futhi uphumule, kanye ngemva kokuzivocavoca kanzima ngangokunokwenzeka.

Isifo samaphaphu amnyama selashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kwesifo samaphaphu amnyama kuhloselwe ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki okuzwayo, ngeke kuselaphe ngokuphelele lesi sifo.Ukufakelwa amaphaphu ngezinye izikhathi kungelapha amaphaphu amnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase aphathe izimpawu zamaphaphu amnyama ngezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukunciphisa ukuchayeka kumalahle.
• Zama ukuvimbela ukucasuka okwengeziwe kwamaphaphu akho (yeka ukubhema nokufutha, thola imijovo yakho ngesikhathi).
• Imithi egcina imigudu yomoya ivulekile futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala (ama-bronchodilators).
• Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu (`(Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu)`).
• Ukunikeza umoya-mpilo.

Yini engingayilindela uma nginalesi simo?

Ukuthola isifo esifana nesifo samaphaphu amnyama kungathatha isikhathi ukusamukela, ikakhulukazi uma ungenazo izimpawu. Lesi simo sizohlala nawe impilo yakho yonke.

Uma unesifo samaphaphu amnyama esiyinkimbinkimbi, ungase ube nezimpawu ezengeziwe futhi udinga ukubona udokotela wakho kaningi. Ungase udinge nomoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Sekukonke, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi isifo samaphaphu amnyama sinciphisa isikhathi sokuphila cishe ngeminyaka eyi-12.6.

Ngingabuyela emsebenzini?

Uma unesifo samaphaphu amnyama, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukuqhubeka usebenza emsebenzini odinga uthuli oluningi lwamalahle. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi ufake isicelo se-'Ingxenye 90 program', esikusiza ukuthi ushintshele emsebenzini "ongenawo uthuli oluningi." Kuye ngokuthi izimpawu zakho zimbi kangakanani, ungase ukwazi ukwenza omunye umsebenzi. Kungase kudingeke futhi ukuthi uthathe ikhefu emsebenzini uma ungazizwa kahle.

Ingabe isifo samaphaphu amnyama singavinjelwa?

Yebo, isifo samaphaphu amnyama singavinjelwa. Isibonelo, izinhlangano ezifana ne-OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) e-United States zimise izindinganiso zokusiza ukuvimbela isifo samaphaphu amnyama. Uma usebenza emayini yamalahle noma eduze kwayo, umqashi wakho kufanele asebenzise izinyathelo zokunciphisa inani lothuli lwamalahle endaweni yakho yokusebenza nokuthuthukisa umoya. Uma kungenzeka, ukugqoka imaski yobuso efakwe kahle (ehlolwe kahle) kungakusiza ekuvikeleni othulini.

Ngemva komsebenzi, kufanele ugcine imaski uze ukhumule izingubo zakho zomsebenzi. Susa imaski ngaphambi kokugeza bese ugeza kahle noma yiziphi izinhlayiya zamalahle ekhanda nasesikhumbeni sakho. Kungumqondo omuhle ukugqoka imaski ngisho nalapho ugeza izingubo zakho zomsebenzi.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo samaphaphu amnyama?

Isici esikhulu sengozi yokuthola isifo samaphaphu amnyama ukusebenza ezimayini zamalahle. Kodwa-ke, uma ungumvukuzi wamalahle (noma uke waba) ngumvukuzi wamalahle, izinto ezilandelayo zandisa ingozi yakho:

• Uma ubhema.
• Uma uke wavezwa uthuli oluningi ngesikhathi usebenza.
• Uma ususebenze ezimayini zamalahle iminyaka eminingi.
• Uma uke wasebenza ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphezulu lothuli lwamatshe noma i-silica emayini.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma unesifo samaphaphu amnyama, kufanele unciphise ukuchayeka kwakho ezintweni ezingacasula amaphaphu akho kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Yeka ukubhema. Lokhu kubalulekile empilweni yakho yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo. Kodwa akulula. Uma une-COPD futhi ubhema, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela ongathola ngazo usizo lokuyeka. Futhi, gwema ukuba seduze nabanye abantu ababhemayo ('ukubhema okubhemayo') ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Hlala kude nezimayini zamalahle. Ukuphefumula izinhlayiya eziningi zamalahle ne-silica kuzokwenza isimo sakho sibe sibi kakhulu.
• Naka isimo sezulu. Ikakhulukazi, hlola i-Air Quality Index (AQI), evame ukubikwa kanye nesibikezelo sezulu. Uma i-AQI "ingaphilile kumaqembu azwelayo" noma okubi nakakhulu, zama ukuhlala endlini kuze kube yilapho ithuthuka - futhi ugqoke imaski uma uphuma ngaphandle.
• Gwema ukutheleleka. Ukutheleleka kokuphefumula kungenza isimo sakho sibe sibi kakhulu. Thola imigomo yakho yomkhuhlane, i-pneumonia ye-pneumococcal, kanye ne-COVID-19 ngesikhathi. Futhi, cabanga ukugqoka imaski yobuso uma uphuma ngesikhathi somkhuhlane.
• Vivinya umzimba, kodwa qaphela. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ongazivivinya, ukuthi kufanele uzicindezele kangakanani, nokuthi ungazi kanjani ukuthi uzicindezela kakhulu.
• Hlela ukuvuvukala kwemisipha. Akekho othanda ukucabanga ngokugula uma uzizwa uphilile. Kodwa ukuba nohlelo lokuthi uzobhekana kanjani nokuvuvukala kwemisipha kungakusiza ugweme ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha uma uzizwa uphansi kakhulu.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela wami?

Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukukubona ukuze ahlolwe njalo. Ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ongambuza ukuthi kufanele ufune nini futhi kuphi usizo lwezokwelapha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

• Isimo sami sibi kangakanani?
• Ngidinga muphi umuthi? Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi?
• Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuthi ngizivocavoce ngokuphephile?
• Kufanele ngihlolwe kangaki isifo samaphaphu amnyama?
• Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngiba nokuvuvukala kwesikhumba?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukufakelwa amaphaphu?

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER)?

Uma uphefumula kanzima noma uphefumula kanzima ngendlela engavamile, noma uma izindebe zakho, izandla, noma izinyawo zakho ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis), funa usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Ingabe isifo samaphaphu amnyama siwufuba?

Cha, isifo samaphaphu amnyama akusona isifo sofuba (TB). Isifo sofuba siwukutheleleka okubangelwa yibhaktheriya i-Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Siyathelelana, kodwa asisabalali kalula phakathi kwabantu.

Uma unesifo samaphaphu amnyama, amasosha omzimba wakho aba buthaka, ngakho-ke kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uthole isifo sofuba. Ezinye zezimpawu zesifo sofuba nesifo samaphaphu amnyama ziyafana: ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu besifuba, kanye ne-phlegm. Kodwa isifo samaphaphu amnyama akusona isifo. Uma unesifo samaphaphu amnyama ngaphandle kwesifo sofuba, ngeke uvame ukuba nomkhuhlane noma ukujuluka ebusuku.

Ingabe isifo samaphaphu amnyama siwukukhubazeka?

Kuncike ezintweni eziningana. Emazweni afana ne-United States, ukukhubazeka kuyinkinga yezomthetho. Umbuzo oyinhloko lapha uthi: Ungakwazi yini manje ukwenza umsebenzi owawuwenza ngesikhathi usengumvukuzi wamalahle? Udokotela wakho kuzodingeka abike ukuthi unesifo samaphaphu amnyama kangakanani, ukuthi izimpawu zakho ziyini, nokuthi ungazilawula kahle kangakanani ngemithi. Ukuze bathole izinzuzo zesifo samaphaphu amnyama, abavukuzi kumele bahlolwe ngokukhethekile okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-`413b.` Lokhu ukuhlolwa okwenziwa odokotela abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlola abavukuzi bamalahle.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase uzizwe sengathi baningi kakhulu abantu abakutshela ukuthi wenze kanjani umsebenzi wakho. Kodwa akekho ofanelwe ukugula ngenxa yezimo ezingaphephile. Yingakho kukhona imithetho - ukukusiza ukuthi usebenze ngokuphephile. Ngisho nangale mizamo yonke yokuphepha emsebenzini, cishe u-16% wabavukuzi bamalahle (okungu-1 kwabayisithupha) bathola isifo samaphaphu amnyama.

Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono ngemithi kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila, isifo samaphaphu amnyama singaba ukuxilongwa okunzima ukukwamukela, ikakhulukazi uma uke wabona abangani bakho nozakwenu bedlula kuso. Uma usanda kutholakala ukuthi unaso, noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu futhi unenkinga yokubhekana naso, bheka udokotela wakho. Angahlola impilo yakho futhi ancome amaqembu okusekela kanye nokungenelela okungakusiza.

Okokugcina, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo samaphaphu amnyama siyisimo esibi, esihlala isikhathi eside esibangelwa ukuhogela uthuli oluvela ezimayini zamalahle. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokusivimbela ukulandela izinqubo zokuphepha nokunciphisa ukuchayeka othulini.

• Uma usebenza embonini ehlobene namalahle, hlala uqaphele ukuphepha kwakho. Gqoka imaski yobuso efanele bese ulandela imiyalelo yokuphepha enikezwe yinkampani.
• Uma uba nezimpawu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqhubeka kwesifo kanye nezinkinga.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Kuzolimaza kakhulu impilo yamaphaphu akho.
• Landela imiyalelo kadokotela kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ngqo.

Impilo yakho ingumthwalo wakho. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo.

Isifo Samaphaphu Amnyama , I-Pneumoconiosis Yabasebenzi Bamalahle, isifo samaphaphu, amalahle, uthuli, isifo sokuphefumula