Cishe uke wezwa othile ethi, "Masenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi" uma uya kudokotela. Ngezinye izikhathi kungokwesimo esijwayelekile, ngezinye izikhathi kungokwesimo sempilo. Pho kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi? Kungani kubaluleke kangaka? Abantu abaningi bayesaba futhi bakhathazekile ngakho. Kodwa empeleni kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu esiza udokotela ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho. Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula nangokucacile.
Kungani sidinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi?
Igazi elisemzimbeni wakho lifana nendawo yokugcina ulwazi. Lingakutshela okuningi ngempilo yakho. Kunezizathu eziningana ezenza udokotela angase akucele ukuba uhlolwe igazi.
- Ukuhlolwa Okuvamile: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile, njengokuhlolwa kwakho kwaminyaka yonke, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle. Lokhu kungakunikeza umbono ojwayelekile ngamaseli egazini lakho, ushukela, nezinye izinto eziningi.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlola: Uma kukhona ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithile, njengesifo sikashukela noma isifo senhliziyo, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholakale ukuthi leyo ngozi ikhona yini ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
- Uma uzizwa ugula: Uma unezimpawu zokugula (umkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, ukukhathala), ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza ekutholeni imbangela eqondile. Isibonelo, uma owesifazane okhulelwe enezimpawu, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga ama-hormone kungenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Hlola ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza yini: Uma uthatha imithi yokugula, udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze abone ukuthi imithi isebenza kahle yini nokuthi ukugula kuya ngokuya kuba ngcono yini.
- Funda ngezimo zofuzo: Ezinye izifo zingabangelwa izinguquko zofuzo ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Kulezi zimo, kuzothathwa isampula yegazi ukuze kubonakale ukuthi unaso yini lesi simo sofuzo.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisani ngempela?
Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukunikeza umbono wokuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho. Kufana nokuthatha isithombe salokho okwenzekayo emzimbeni wakho ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa khumbula, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi akuyona into yokuxilonga. Kumane kuyizinkomba ezibalulekile ezisiza udokotela wakho ukuthola imbangela yokugula kwakho. Ukuthi inani embikweni wakho liphakeme kancane noma liphansi kunokujwayelekile akusho ukuthi unesifo esingathi sína.
Ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, udokotela uzogxila kakhulu ezintweni ezifana nalezi:
- Indlela igazi lakho elisebenza kahle ngayo: Isibonelo, amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kukhombisa ukuthi inani lamangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi liphansi, kungaba yi-anemia.
- Amazinga e-Enzyme kanye ne-Electrolyte:Ama-enzyme amaprotheni asheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Ama-electrolyte amaminerali afana ne-sodium ne-potassium. Izinguquko emazingeni awo zingasinika umbono wokuthi izitho ezifana nezinso nesibindi zisebenza kanjani.
Yiziphi izivivinyo zegazi eziyinhloko ezivame ukwenziwa?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ezinye zazo zibheka izinto eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ezinye zazo zibheka into eyodwa kuphela. Ake sibheke ezinye zezivivinyo esizenza njalo.
Inani Eliphelele Legazi (i-CBC)
Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvame kakhulu. Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi 'i-Full Blood Count'. Kubheka kakhulu lokhu:
- Inani kanye nesimo samaseli akho abomvu egazi (ama-RBC) , amaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-WBC) , nama -platelet .
- Izinga le-hemoglobin . Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi kukhona yini ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni (i-anemia).
- Ulwazi mayelana nosayizi kanye nesimo samaseli abomvu egazi.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC kungakunikeza umbono wezinto eziningi ezivamile, njengokuthi unesifo noma une-anemia.
Amaphaneli E-Metabolic
Lokhu kubheka amakhemikhali ahlukene egazini lakho. Kungakutshela ngomsebenzi wezitho zomzimba njengezinso zakho nesibindi kanye nokulinganisela emzimbeni wakho. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalokhu:
1. Iphaneli Eyisisekelo Ye-Metabolic (BMP): Ihlanganisa ezinye izivivinyo eziyisisekelo.
2. Iphaneli Ephelele Ye-Metabolic (CMP): Ifaka phakathi izivivinyo eziningana kune-BMP.
Ithebula elingezansi libala ezinye zezinto lezi zivivinyo ezizibhekayo.
| Igama Lokuhlolwa | Kuyini Okukuhlolayo? |
|---|---|
| I-glucose | Izinga likashukela egazini. Ukuthola isifo sikashukela. |
| I-calcium | I-mineral ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamathambo, inhliziyo, kanye nezinzwa. |
| I-BUN kanye ne-Creatinine | Hlola ukusebenza kwezinso nokuthi zihlunga kahle yini imfucuza. |
| I-Sodium, i-Potassium, i-Chloride (ama-Electrolyte) | Ukugcina ibhalansi yoketshezi kanye ne-acid-base emzimbeni. |
| I-ALT, i-AST, i-ALP | Lawa ama-enzyme esibindi. Amazinga awo asitshela ngempilo yesibindi. |
| I-Bilirubin | Into ekhiqizwa yisibindi. Ukwanda kwalokhu kungabonisa inkinga ngesibindi noma i-gallbladder. |
Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa ezisetshenziswa ukuthola izifo ezithile
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okuvamile okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla, uma kukhona ukusolakala kwesifo esithile, kwenziwa nokuhlolwa okuthile okuhlobene naleso sifo.
Ngomdlavuza
Uma kusolwa ukuthi umdlavuza ukhona noma ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uhlolwe ngokukhethekile.
- Ama-Tumor Markers: Lezi yizinto ezikhiqizwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma amangqamuzana avamile emzimbeni ngenxa yomdlavuza. Izibonelo:
- I-PSA: yomdlavuza we-prostate.
- I-CA-125: Yomdlavuza wesibeletho.
- I-CEA: Yezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza.
- Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Lomlingo Wendle (FOBT): Lokhu kwenziwa uma kusolwa ukuthi kunomdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu.
- Ukuhlolwa komchamo: Ukuhlola amaseli egazi emchameni.
Ngesifo Senhliziyo
Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile okungasetshenziswa ukuhlola isifo senhliziyo noma izimo zenhliziyo. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi izimpawu zenhliziyo .
Izinkinga Zesistimu Ye-Endocrine
Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ama-hormone.
- I-Glucose Egazini kanye ne-A1C: Ukuxilonga nokuphatha isifo sikashukela.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-thyroid hormone (TSH): Kuhlola ukusebenza kwe-thyroid.
Uzilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi?
Lokhu kuzohluka kuye ngokuhlolwa okwenzile, ngakho-ke hlala ucela iseluleko kudokotela wakho noma elebhu.
- Ukuzila Ukudla: Kwezinye izivivinyo, njengokuzila ukudla ushukela egazini kanye nephrofayili yamafutha, ungase ucelwe ukuba uzile ukudla amahora angu-8-12. Ngokuvamile kulungile ukuphuza amanzi amancane. Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ubuza ngalokhu.
- Phuza amanzi amaningi: Uma unesivivinyo esingadingi ukuthi uzile ukudla, phuza amanzi amaningi ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuthola umthambo.
- Faka i-moisturizer: Uma isikhumba ezandleni zakho somile, ukusebenzisa i-moisturizer ngezinye izikhathi kungenza kube lula ukufaka inalithi.
- Ukuvivinya umzimba okulula: Ukwenza into efana nokuhambahamba ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi kungandisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi kwenze kube lula ukuthola umthambo.
Kwenzekani uma kudonswa igazi?
Kukhona umuntu oqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukukhipha igazi, babizwa ngokuthi ``ama-Phlebotomists``. Le nqubo yenzeka kanje:
1. Uzohlaliswa esihlalweni bese ucelwa ukuthi ubeke itafula phezu kwaso ukuze welule izingalo zakho.
2. Uma ugqoke ihembe elinemikhono emide, uzocelwa ukuthi uphakamise izingalo zakho ngaphezu kwengqiniba yakho.
3. Indawo lapho kuzokhishwa khona igazi izohlanzwa ngesibulali-magciwane, bese kufakwa ibhande elinwebekayo (i-tourniquet) engalweni engenhla. Ungase ucelwe futhi ukuthi ucindezele ingalo ukuze imithambo ivele kahle.
4. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokushesha okukhulu, kufakwa inaliti encane emthanjeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Venipuncture". Ungase uzizwe umuzwa omncane wokuhlaba.
5. Qoqa inani legazi elidingekayo emapayipini axhunywe kwi-lancet. Kuye ngohlobo lokuhlolwa, kungadingeka amapayipi angaphezu kwelilodwa.
6. Uma igazi selikhishiwe, ibhande le-elastic liyasuswa, inaliti ikhishwe, ucezu lwekotini lubekwe endaweni, bese kufakwa iplasta.
Uyasaba yini ukukhishelwa igazi? Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza
Kuvamile ukuthi abantu abaningi bazizwe besaba noma bekhathazekile lapho bezwa ngokunikela ngegazi. Uma kunjalo ngawe, zama lezi zinto:
- Qonda isizathu: Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kungani kwenziwa lokhu kuhlolwa nokuthi kuzobheka ini. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunciphiseni ukwesaba kwakho.
- Phefumula ngokujulile: Uma ufaka inaliti, donsa umoya kancane, ujule bese uwukhipha.
- Bheka ngenye indlela: Uma wesaba ukubheka iva, bheka ngenye indlela.
- Ziphazamise: Yenza into efana nokubala ngengqondo uye ku-10 noma ukukhumbula ingoma oyithandayo.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa... ake sazi ngombiko.
Ngemva kokukhipha igazi, shiya ibhandishi livaliwe amahora ambalwa. Isikhathi esithathayo ukuze imiphumela ibuye siyahlukahluka kuye ngokuhlolwa. Ezinye izivivinyo zithatha amahora ambalwa ukuthola imiphumela, kanti ezinye, njengokuhlolwa kofuzo, zingathatha izinsuku.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ungesabi ukuziphindiselela uma udokotela ethi ufuna ukukushayela ucingo akhulume ngombiko.Akuhlali kusho into embi. Mhlawumbe chaza imiphumela evamile, noma ukhulume ngezindlela zokuthuthukisa impilo yakho.
Ungasheshi ufinyelele eziphethweni ngokusekelwe embikweni wokuhlolwa kwegazi. Udokotela wakho kuphela ongaqonda ngokunembile amanani futhi awachaze maqondana nesimo sakho sempilo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu nelivamile odokotela abalisebenzisayo ukuze bafunde ngempilo yakho.
- Ukuthi nje imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi ingaphezu kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile akusho ukuthi kuyisifo esibi. Kuyingxenye eyodwa nje yesithombe sonke.
- Uma uthola imiyalelo, njengokuzila ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, yilandele kahle.
- Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho nganoma yini ongayiqondi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imayelana nokuhlolwa noma imiphumela.
- Ungalokothi uhumushe umbiko wegazi wedwa. Xoxa ngawo njalo nodokotela wakho.
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