Cabanga ukuthi ubukade uselangeni wabe usungena ekamelweni elimnyama ngokuzumayo, isibonelo, ibhayisikobho. Noma uma uhamba emgwaqweni ebusuku, endaweni engenazo izibani, kuthatha isikhathi ukubona indawo ekuzungezile, akunjalo? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi umbono wasebusuku, noma ngokwezokwelapha , umbono we-scotopic . Leli ikhono elimangalisayo lamehlo ethu.
Lo mbono wasebusuku usebenza kanjani?
Lena inqubo ethakazelisayo kakhulu. Kalula nje, ifana kancane nendlela ikhamera esebenza ngayo. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani.
Ake sithi usushintshe ekubeni sendaweni ekhanyiswe kahle waya endaweni emnyama.
1. Inhlamvu yeso iyakhula: Into yokuqala eyenzekayo ukuthi ingxenye emnyama ephakathi kweso lakho, inhlamvu , iyakhula ukuze kungene ukukhanya okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kufana nokukhulisa ilensi yekhamera.
2. Ukukhanya kungena kwi-retina: Ukukhanya okungena esweni ngale ndlela kufinyelela endaweni efana nesikrini ebizwa ngokuthi i-retina ngemuva kweso.
3. Amaseli akhethekile aqala ukusebenza: Kunezigidi zamaseli akhethekile ku-retina azwela ukukhanya. Siwabiza ngokuthi ama-photoreceptor . Lawa ayizinhlobo ezimbili.
- Amakhoni: Lawa asisiza sibone imibala ekukhanyeni okuhle.
- Izinduku: Nanka amaqhawe endabeni yethu. Lezi "zinduku" ziyizinhlayiya ezisisiza sibone ekukhanyeni okuphansi, okungukuthi, ebusuku.
4. Inqubo yamakhemikhali iyaqala: Ngemva kokungena ebumnyameni, kungakapheli nemizuzu embalwa, iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-rhodopsin kumaseli akho enduku iqala ukusebenza. Lonke lolu hlelo luthatha cishe imizuzu engama-30 ukuqeda, futhi ungabona kahle ebumnyameni. Uke waqaphela ukuthi kungani ungasakwazi ukubona ebumnyameni ngokuzumayo?
5. Umyalezo uya ebuchosheni: Amaseli enduku asebenzayo aguqula lokhu kukhanya okuphansi kube yizibonakaliso zikagesi bese ezithumela ebuchosheni nge -optic nerve .
6. Ubuchopho budala isithombe: Ekugcineni, ubuchopho bakho buhumusha lezi zimpawu bese budala isithombe osibona ebumnyameni.
Wake wazizwa sengathi ungabona izinto ebusuku kodwa ube nenkinga yokuhlukanisa imibala? Lokho kungenxa yokuthi izinduku, okuyizingqamuzana ezisebenza ebusuku, azikwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala. Zibona izinto ezimnyama, ezimhlophe, nezimpunga kuphela.
Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezithinta umbono wasebusuku?
Ukubona kwethu ebusuku kuncike empilweni yezinduku eziku-retina yethu. Ngakho-ke noma yini elimaza la maseli ingalimaza umbono wethu wasebusuku. Nazi ezinye zezimo ezingabangela lokhu.
| Isimo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ama-cataract | Ilensi yeso iba namafu, kunciphisa inani lokukhanya okungena esweni. Ubumpumputhe basebusuku (i-nyctalopia) luphawu olukhulu lwe-cataracts. |
| I-Cone-rod dystrophy | Lesi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo esibangela ukuthi amaseli e-cone kanye ne-rod ku-retina yethu afe kancane kancane. |
| Ukonakala kwe-Macular | Lokhu kulimaza ingxenye ephakathi ye-retina, okungabangela ukubona okufiphele uma ubheka phambili. |
| I-Retinitis Pigmentosa | Lesi futhi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Siqala ngokubhubhisa izinduku, bese ama-cone eqala ukufa. |
Kungani izilwane zikwazi ukubona kangcono ebusuku kunathi?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Izilwane ezifana namakati nezinja zingabona kangcono ebusuku kunathi. Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu.
1. Amehlo amakhulu: Amehlo ezilwane kanye nama-retina makhulu kuneyethu, ngakho amehlo azo angaqoqa ukukhanya okuningi ngisho noma kunokukhanya okuncane.
2. Ulwelwesi olukhanyayo: Ngemuva kwe-retina yezilwane, kukhona ulwelwesi olubizwa ngokuthi i-tapetum lucidum . Lokhu kusebenza njengesibuko. Ukukhanya okungena esweni kudlula ku-retina, kushaye lolulwelwesi, bese kubuyiselwa emuva ku-retina. Okusho ukuthi, ukukhanya kushaya i-retina kabili esikhundleni sokukodwa. Yingakho bekwazi ukubona kahle ngisho nasezimweni ezimnyama kakhulu. Wake wawabona amehlo ekati ekhanya lapho ukukhanya kukhanya kuwo ebusuku? Lokho kungenxa yalolulwelwesi olubizwa ngokuthi `(Tapetum lucidum)`.
Sigcina kanjani umbono wethu wasebusuku ulungile?
Amehlo ethu ayinsiza ewusizo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kungumthwalo wethu ukuwavikela. Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze ugcine umbono wakho wasebusuku ulungile.
- Hlola amehlo akho njalo: Ngisho noma ungazigqoki izibuko, kusabalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho ngudokotela wamehlo okungenani kanye ngonyaka . Ngale ndlela, noma yiziphi izinkinga zingatholakala kusenesikhathi.
- Thola ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwempilo: Izifo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu nesifo sikashukela zingathinta ngqo amehlo akho. Ngakho-ke, vakashela udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okuphelele.
- Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezinhle: Gqoka izibuko zelanga ezinesivikelo esingu-100% se-UV (UV400) ukuze uvikele amehlo akho emisebeni yelanga eyingozi ye-ultraviolet (UV). Ungabheki ilanga ngqo.
- Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kungalimaza imithambo yegazi ebucayi ku-retina yakho. Lokhu kuthinta namaseli akho okwamukela ukukhanya.
- Yidla ukudla okunempilo: Ukudla okucebile ngama -antioxidants kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yamehlo. Yidla ukudla okucebile ngezithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi namafutha anempilo.
Manje usuyazi okuningi ngaleli khono elimangalisayo elibizwa ngokuthi umbono wasebusuku, elisisiza sithole indlela yethu ebumnyameni futhi singene ngaphakathi endlini. Ukuze ulondoloze leli khono, kubalulekile ukunakekela amehlo akho. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izinguquko noma ukungakhululeki embonweni wakho wasebusuku, ungakushayi indiva futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Amaseli akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi izinduku ku-retina yeso asisiza sibone ebumnyameni.
- Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha, njenge-cataracts, zingabangela ukuphazamiseka kokubona kwakho ebusuku.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho wasebusuku, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho ngokushesha okukhulu. Bona udokotela wakho .
- Izinto ezifana nokudla okuhle, ukugqoka izibuko zelanga ezivikelwe yi-UV, nokugwema ukubhema kungasiza ekugcineni amehlo akho ephilile.
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