Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho ingalo noma umlenze uphukile engozini, awupholi kahle futhi ubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, akunjalo? Noma, udinga ukuqinisa umhlathi ngaphambi kokufakelwa izinyo. Kusezimweni ezinjengalezi lapho odokotela bekhuluma khona 'ngokufakelwa amathambo '. Abanye abantu bangase besabe lapho bezwa leli gama, kodwa namuhla sizokhuluma kalula ngokuthi liyini ngempela, ukuthi lenziwa kanjani, nokuthi yini okudingeka ukwazi.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukufakelwa kwamathambo?
Lena inqubo yokuhlinzwa. Ihilela ukusiza umzimba wakho ukulungisa ithambo elibuthakathaka, eliphukile, noma elonakele. Cabanga nje, uma sinembobo odongeni lwendlu yethu, siyayigcwalisa ngeplasta, akunjalo? Lokhu kuyinto efanayo. Kulokhu kuhlinzwa, udokotela ufaka izinto ezikhethekile emgodini noma endaweni ebuthakathaka ethanjeni.
Lokhu kunezinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Ukunikeza amandla engeziwe: Izinto ezibekwe esikhaleni zinikeza ukusekelwa namandla ethanjeni.
2. Ukusiza ekwakheni ithambo elisha: Into efakwe ethanjeni ithumela isignali emzimbeni yokuthi "wakhe izicubu ezintsha zethambo lapha." Bese umzimba ngokwawo ugcwalisa isikhala bese uqinisa ithambo futhi.
Ubani odinga lolu hlobo lokuhlinzwa?
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani kungadingeka ukufakelwa kwamathambo. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ngemva kwengozi, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba ngenxa yesinye isimo sempilo. Ake sibheke izimo eziyinhloko lapho lokhu kudingeka khona.
| Isizathu | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuphuka okungapholi kahle | Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuyadingeka uma ithambo eliphukile liphola kancane kunalokho obekulindelwe (ukuhlanganiswa okulibazisekile), lingalingani kahle (ukuhlanganiswa), noma lingapholi nhlobo (ukuhlanganiswa). |
| Ngaphambi Kokufakelwa Kwamazinyo | Ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe izinyo lokwenziwa ngaphakathi komhlathi, uma ithambo lomhlathi libuthakathaka, kwenziwa i-graft yethambo ukuze liqiniswe. |
| Ukufakwa Kwejoyinti | Le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho kufakwa ilunga esikhundleni salo, njengesinqe noma idolo, futhi kudingeka ukukhula kwamathambo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ilunga lokwenziwa liqinile kahle. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kokuhlanganiswa komgogodla | Ekuhlinzeni kokuhlanganiswa komgogodla, ukufakelwa kwamathambo kusetshenziswa ukusiza ekuqiniseni amathambo. |
| Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha | Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwakha kabusha amathambo alimele yizifo ezifana ne-osteonecrosis, umdlavuza wamathambo, kanye nokutheleleka kwamathambo (i-osteomyelitis). |
| Izinkinga kusukela ekuzalweni | Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa futhi ukulungisa izimo ezifana nokwehluka kobude bezitho zokuzalwa. |
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokufakelwa amathambo?
Udokotela uzokhetha indlela efaneleka kakhulu kuwe ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningi, njengesimo sakho kanye nenani lethambo elidinga ukufakelwa. Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko.
- I-Autograft: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yethambo kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wakho , ngokuvamile i-iliac crest. Lena yindlela ephumelela kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi iyizicubu zakho, umzimba wakho awuyilahli, futhi ingozi yokutheleleka iphansi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kwenziwa ukusikwa okuhlukile lapho kuthathwa khona ithambo, kungase kube nobuhlungu kuleyo ndawo. Inani lethambo elingathathwa nalo lilinganiselwe.
- I-Allograft: Lokhu kusebenzisa izicubu zamathambo ezivela komunye umuntu (umnikeli oshonile) . Lezi zithathwa emabhange ezicubu akhethekile, zihlanzwe, zihlanzwe, futhi zigcinwe ngaphansi kwemithethonqubo yezempilo eqinile. Ngakho-ke, ingozi yokutheleleka iphansi kakhulu. Inzuzo yalokhu ukuthi ayikho enye ingxenye yomzimba wakho edinga ukunqunywa. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlinzeni umgogodla.
- Ukufakelwa Kwamathambo Okwenziwa: Lezi izinto ezidalwe ngokwenziwa elabhorethri.. Lezi zenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo ezitholakala emathanjeni, njenge-calcium. Azinamagciwane futhi zingathathwa ngobuningi obudingekayo. Ziwusizo kakhulu ekugcwaliseni izikhala ezinkulu zamathambo. Ezinye izinto zokufakelwa ezenziwe ngokwenziwa nazo ziqukethe amaprotheni akhuthaza ukukhula kwamathambo.
- I-Bone Marrow Aspirate: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha inani elincane lomnkantsha ethanjeni elikhulu, njengethambo lakho lesinqe, usebenzisa inaliti. Lo mnkantsha uqukethe amangqamuzana akhethekile (amaseli esiqu) angenza amathambo. Uma lo mnkantsha usetshenziswa kanye nezinye izindlela zokufakelwa, inqubo yokuphulukisa amathambo iyasheshiswa.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa?
Ake sibheke ukuthi lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kanjani isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
1. I-Anesthesia: Okokuqala, uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ngokuphelele (uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ). Ngakho-ke ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, uzobe ulele.
2. Ukwenza i-incision: Udokotela ohlinzayo ube esesika isikhumba lapho kuzofakwa khona i-bone graft ukuze kufinyelelwe ethanjeni.
3. Ukulungisa ithambo: Okulandelayo, ithambo liyahlanzwa kahle, kususwe noma yiziphi izicubu ezonakele noma ezigulayo, bese ithambo lilungiselelwa ukufakwa kwethambo.
4. Ukulungisa i-graft: Manje i-bone graft elungiselelwe ngaphambilini (ucezu lwethambo lakho, ithambo lomnikelo, noma into yokwenziwa) ifakwa esikhaleni, mhlawumbe iboshwe ngamapuleti amancane noma izikulufo ukuze ingayinyakazi.
5. Ukuvala i-incision: Ekugcineni, i-incision iyathungwa futhi ivalwe kahle.
Ingabe kukhona izingozi kulokhu?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi ezithile ezihilelekile. Kodwa odokotela benza konke okusemandleni abo ukunciphisa lezi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ngazo kusenesikhathi.
Ezinye zezingozi ezingase zihlotshaniswe nalokhu yilezi:
- Ukopha
- Izifo
- Izinkinga zokuphulukiswa kwamathambo
- Ubuhlungu obungapheli
- Ukwehluleka kwehadiwe, njengokuxega noma ukuphuka kwamadivayisi asetshenziswa ukulungisa i-implant, njengamapuleti nezikulufo
- Ukulimala kwemizwa
- Izibazi
Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlinzwa? Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama?
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, umzimba wakho uqala kancane kancane ukuhlangana nezinto ezihlanganisiwe, uwuphatha njengethambo lawo. Le nqubo ingathatha noma yikuphi kusukela emavikini ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma ngisho nonyaka .
Isikhathi sokuphulukiswa sincike ezintweni ezifana nobudala bakho, impilo iyonke, kanye nosayizi nendawo yethambo elihlanganisiwe.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ubhema, ukuyeka kuzosiza kakhulu inqubo yokuphulukiswa. Ukubhema kunciphisa imithambo yegazi futhi kunciphisa ukuphakelwa kwegazi emathanjeni. Lokhu kungalibazisa ukuphulukiswa kwamathambo.
Uma unalezi zimpawu, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha isimo sakho ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwakho. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
| Isibonakaliso | Okufanele ukuqaphele |
|---|---|
| Ukopha noma ukuvuvukala okuvela ekusikeni | Uma kukhona ukopha okungajwayelekile noma olunye uketshezi oluvela endaweni yokusikwa, noma uma indawo ivuvukele kakhulu. |
| Imfiva | Uma uzizwa umkhuhlane emzimbeni wakho, kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka. |
| Ubuthuntu (i-Neuropathy) | Ukuzwa umuzwa wokucasuka endaweni lapho kwafakwa khona i-implant, noma ukungazizwa nhlobo. |
| Ubuhlungu obungalawuleki | Ngisho noma uphuza imithi yokubulala izinhlungu udokotela akunika yona, ubuhlungu abupheli. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kwamathambo kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa ephumelelayo esetshenziselwa ukuqinisa amathambo abuthakathaka noma aphukile. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba lokhu.
- Ithambo lakho, ithambo lomunye umuntu, noma izinto zokwenziwa zingasetshenziswa kulokhu. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
- Isikhathi sokululama siyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo, ikakhulukazi izinto ezifana nokugwema ukubhema.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile (umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuvuvukala, ukungazweli) ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ungangabazi ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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