Ukopha Kwangaphakathi Kwekhanda: Ake sixoxe ngalesi simo esiyingozi kalula

Wake wezwa ngomuntu olaliswe esibhedlela ngokuzumayo ngoba "ebenomopho wobuchopho"? Mhlawumbe kwenzeke kulungu lomndeni noma kumngane wakho. Ikhanda elibuhlungu elizumayo, ukungakhululeki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma... akukwenzi yini uthuke uma uzwa lezi zinto? Kuyini ngempela ukopha kobuchopho? Kungani kuyingozi kangaka? Ake sixoxe ngakho kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini nje ukopha ebuchosheni?

Cabanga ngobuchopho bakho njengekhompyutha eyinhloko emzimbeni wakho. Le khompyutha idinga umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ukuze isebenze njalo. Lokhu kunikezwa ebuchosheni ngenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincane. Manje cabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma omunye wale mithambo yegazi uqhuma ngokuzumayo, noma uma ubhoboka bese uqala ukuvuza igazi?

Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho . Empeleni lolu uhlobo lohlangothi.

Ukhakhayi lwethu lufana nebhokisi elivaliwe. Isikhala esingaphakathi kwalo silinganiselwe. Ngakho-ke uma igazi liphuma emthanjeni wegazi, lelo gazi liqoqana ngaphakathi kokhakhayi bese liqala ukucindezela ubuchopho. Ngenxa yalokhu kucindezela, amangqamuzana obuchopho ayayeka ukuthola umoya-mpilo kanye nokudla okunomsoco akudingayo, futhi lawo maseli aqala ukufa. Ngaphandle komoya-mpilo, amangqamuzana obuchopho angaphila isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, cishe imizuzu emithathu kuya kwemine. Ngakho-ke, lesi yisimo esibi esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo futhi esingaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni?

Yebo, lokhu kopha kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko kuye ngokuthi kwenzeka kuphi. Ukwazi indawo eqondile kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi odokotela bakwelaphe.

Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake siqale sibheke isakhiwo sobuchopho. Ubuchopho bethu abunamathele ngqo ekhanda. Kunezingqimba ezintathu zama-membrane phakathi kwalezi ezimbili ukuze zivikeleke. Ngokwezokwelapha sizibiza ngokuthi ama-meninge. Kufana no-anyanisi onezingqimba eziningana zesikhumba. Lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kungenzeka ngaphakathi kwezicubu zobuchopho uqobo, noma kungenzeka phakathi kwalezi zingqimba zama-membrane.

Ungathola umbono ocacile ngalezi zinhlobo kusukela kuthebula elingezansi.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Izimpawu zokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni zingavela ngokuzumayo. Zingahluka futhi kuye ngohlobo nendawo yokopha kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile okufanele uziqaphele ngokushesha .

Uma uhlangabezana nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele kubhekwe njengesimo esiphuthumayo.

• Ukungazweli, ubuthakathaka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (ukukhubazeka) kobuso, ingalo, noma umlenze, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibi kakhulu nelingalindelekile.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukudideka.
• Isiyezi.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukungingiza (inkulumo engacacile).
• Ukulala ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kwamandla.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya.
• Izinguquko embonweni, ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo.
• Intamo eqinile.
• Ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi emzimbeni.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuphefumula kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eba nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, akufanele uchithe isikhathi futhi umyise ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela.

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni?

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni ungaqhuma noma uvuza.

• Ukulimala ekhanda: Imbangela enkulu ukushaywa kanzima ekhanda, njengokuwa, ingozi yemoto, noma ingozi yezemidlalo.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wenza buthaka izindonga zemithambo yegazi ethambile ebuchosheni, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ziqhume.
• I-cerebral aneurysm: Indawo ebuthakathaka odongeni lomthambo wegazi ingavuvukala njengebhaluni bese iqhuma ngokuzumayo.
• I-atherosclerosis: Le ngozi iyanda njengoba ukugcinwa kwamafutha ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi kuqina.
• Ukukhubazeka emithanjeni yegazi: Ezinye izimo zokuzalwa, njengokukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi (ama-AVM), lapho imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi kuxhumene khona ngendlela engavamile, kungabangela ukopha.
• Izimila zobuchopho: Izimila zobuchopho zingabangela ukopha ngokucindezela noma ukulimaza imithambo yegazi eseduze.
• Ama-blood thinner/Anticoagulants: Le mithi, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, ngezinye izikhathi ingandisa ingozi yokopha.
• Ukubhema nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Lesi simo sitholakala futhi selashwa kanjani?

Uma ungeniswa esibhedlela, into yokuqala odokotela abayenzayo ukuhlola isimo sakho ngokushesha. Bahlola izimpawu zakho, ukuqonda kwakho, kanye nokunyakaza komzimba wakho.

Ngemuva kwalokho, uzothunyelwa ekuhlolweni kwezithombe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukopha, futhi uma kunjalo, kuphi, nokuthi kukhulu kangakanani.

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Lokhu kungathatha isithombe sobuchopho ngokushesha ukuze kuhlolwe ukopha. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kungaveza izithombe zobuchopho ezicacile nezinemininingwane eminingi.

Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, ukwelashwa kuzonqunywa ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho. Kunezinhloso ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelashwa:

1. Ukuvimba ukopha.

2. Nciphisa ingcindezi ebuchosheni futhi uvimbele umonakalo owengeziwe.

Izindlela zokwelapha

Izindlela zokwelapha zingahluka kuye ngesiguli.

• Ukuhlinzwa: Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe igazi eliqongelelekile futhi kuncishiswe ingcindezi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukwenza imbobo encane ekhanda ukuze kukhishwe igazi (ukunciphisa ingcindezi) noma ukususa ingxenye encane yekhanda okwesikhashana ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi (craniotomy).
• Imithi:
• Imithi yokulawula umfutho wegazi.
• Umuthi wokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho.
• Umuthi wokuvimbela ukuquleka.
• Izibulali-zinhlungu.

Ngemva kokwelashwa, abantu abaningi badinga ukulungiswa ukuze babuyele esimweni sabo esijwayelekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana nokwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngenkulumo, kanye nokwelashwa ngokomsebenzi.

Singakwazi yini ukunciphisa le ngozi?

Yebo, impela. Nakuba singenakukwazi ukulawula ezinye zezimbangela zokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni (isib. izimo zokuzalwa), kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi.

• Gcina umfutho wegazi wakho uphansi kokulawula. Uma unengcindezi yegazi ephezulu, thatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikeza ngesikhathi.
• Lawula amazinga e-cholesterol.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo.
• Uma ubhema, yeka ngokushesha.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo.
• Uma unesifo sikashukela, lawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kahle.
• Zivikele ezingozini. Gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela amabhayisikili nezithuthuthu. Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo uma ugibela izimoto.

Lezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila ngeke nje zinciphise ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi, kodwa futhi zizokusiza ekuvikeleni ezifweni zenhliziyo nakwezinye izifo eziningi ezingathelelani.