Wake wacabanga nje ukuthi, uyifunda kanjani le ndatshana njengamanje? Amehlo akho abheka lezi zinhlamvu, ziya ebuchosheni bakho, ubuchopho buyaqonda futhi bukutshela. Okwamanje, inhliziyo yakho iyashaya, uyaphefumula, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho liyalawulwa. Ungqondongqondo ophethe konke lokhu yilesi sitho esimangalisayo esingaphakathi kwekhanda lethu, okungukuthi, ubuchopho bethu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalesi sikhungo sokulawula somzimba wethu, kalula.
Buyini ngempela ubuchopho?
Kalula nje, ubuchopho bakho bufana nekhompyutha enkulu emzimbeni wakho. Konke okwenzayo, yonke imicabango, imizwa, inkumbulo, ukunyakaza, kanye nokuziphatha onakho kulawulwa futhi kulawulwa ubuchopho bakho. Ngisho nezinto ongaziqapheli ukuthi uyazenza, njengokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, kanye nokushisa komzimba wakho, kulawulwa ubuchopho bakho. Eqinisweni, konke okukwenza "wena" kuvela ebuchosheni bakho.
Cabanga ngakho, ubuchopho buyisimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi esakhiwe izingxenye eziningi. Ingxenye ngayinye inomsebenzi wayo. Kodwa zonke lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye, njengeqembu. Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngokuthumela ulwazi phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, noma lokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-neurons . Bese, lolo lwazi luhunyushwa olimini umzimba wethu oluqondayo, bese luwuyala ukuba wenze umsebenzi odingekayo.
Ubuchopho bethu buxhunywe emgogodleni. Zihlangene, lezi ezimbili zakha iSistimu Yethu Yezinzwa Ephakathi (i-CNS) .
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yobuchopho?
Ubuchopho bufana ne-CEO yomzimba wethu. Bulawula konke. Ake sibheke okwenzekayo ebuchosheni.
| Umsebenzi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Izenzo ezizenzakalelayo | Izinto esingazilawuli ngamabomu, njengokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukulala, kanye nokushisa komzimba. |
| Impendulo Ephuthumayo (Impendulo Yokulwa Noma Yokundiza) | Ukulungiselela umzimba ingozi noma ukwesaba. Lokhu sikubiza nangokuthi impendulo yokucindezeleka. |
| Ukulawula imizwa | Ukuhlola ukuthi izitho zangaphakathi njengezinso, isibindi namaphaphu zisebenza kahle yini. |
| Inkumbulo nemizwa | Ukukhumbula izinto ezindala, ukukhumbula izinto ezintsha, ukuzwa imizwa efana nenjabulo, usizi kanye nokwesaba. |
| Ukunyakaza kanye nokulinganisela | Ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukuhambisa izingalo zakho (ukusebenza kwemisipha), ukugcina ibhalansi yomzimba. |
| Ulwazi oluvela ezinzwa ezinhlanu | Ukuqonda izinzwa zokubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukunambitha, kanye nokuthinta. |
| Inkulumo nolimi | Ukukhuluma, ukuqonda okushiwo abanye, ukubhala, ukufunda. |
| Ukucabanga nokwenza izinqumo | Ukuxazulula izinkinga, ukuhlela, ukuqonda okuhle nokubi kanye nokwenza izinqumo. |
Ubuchopho buyeka nini ukukhula?
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ubuchopho bukhule ngokugcwele lapho sizalwa. Kodwa akunjalo. Ubuchopho bukhula kakhulu kusukela ekuzalweni kuya ebuntwaneni. Kodwa-ke, kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi ubuchopho bukhule ngokugcwele, okungukuthi, bukhule. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubuchopho buyaqhubeka bukhula kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25 .
Enye yezingxenye zokugcina okufanele zikhule yi -prefrontal cortex . Lokhu kutholakala ngemuva kwebunzi lethu. Le ngxenye yiyo esisiza senze izinqumo ezinhle, sihlele umsebenzi wethu, futhi silawule imizwa yethu.
Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi sibona intsha yenza izinqumo ezisheshayo nezingenaso isifiso. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi ingxenye yobuchopho bayo ebasizayo ekwenzeni izinqumo ayikakhuli ngokugcwele.
Izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zobuchopho
Ubuchopho bethu bungahlukaniswa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko, ngayinye inomsebenzi wayo othize.
1. Ubuchopho: Lena yingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yobuchopho. Icishe ibe usayizi we-walnut enkulu. Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, noma ama-hemispheres - kwesobunxele nakwesokudla. Le ngxenye yilapho siqonda khona ulwazi oluvela ezinzwa zethu ezinhlanu. Iphinde ilawule izinto esizicabangayo nesizenzayo, njengenkulumo, inkumbulo, ukuziphatha, ubuntu, ukunyakaza, ukucabanga, kanye nokwenza izinqumo. La ma-hemispheres amabili axhunywe yinqwaba yemicu yezinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-corpus callosum .
2. I-Cerebellum: Lokhu kutholakala ngemuva kobuchopho, ngaphansi kobuchopho. Kuncane, kunesimo esiyindilinga. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukulawula ibhalansi yomzimba wethu, ukuma, ukuhambisana, kanye namakhono okunyakaza okuhle. Isibonelo, le ngxenye ikusiza ukuthi wenze izinto ezifana nokuhamba uqonde futhi ufake inaliti.
3. I-Brainstem: Lokhu kutholakala phansi kobuchopho. Kuxhumanisa ubuchopho nomgogodla. I-brainstem ilawula imisebenzi eminingi ezenzakalelayo yomzimba wethu. Isibonelo, izinto ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, umjikelezo wokulala nokuvuka, kanye nokugwinya. Lezi akuzona izinto esizilawula ngamabomu.
Isivikelo sobuchopho
Ngenxa yokuthi ubuchopho buyisitho esibaluleke kakhulu futhi esizwelayo, buthole isivikelo esikhethekile.
- I-Cranium: Le ngxenye emathambo ekhanda lethu iyisivikelo esiyinhloko esizungeze ubuchopho. Ifana negobolondo likakhukhunathi.
- Uketshezi lwe-Cerebrospinal (CSF): Ubuchopho buntanta kulolu ketshezi. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukulimala kobuchopho uma kwenzeka ukushaqeka noma ukushaqeka okungazelelwe.
- Ama-Meninges: Kunezingqimba ezintathu ze-membrane ezivikelayo phakathi kogebhezi nobuchopho.
- I-Dura mater: Ingqimba ebanzi engaphandle.
- I-membrane ye-Arachnoid: I-membrane encane, efana ne-spider-like-web ephakathi.
- I-Pia mater: Ingqimba engaphakathi enamathele ebuchosheni futhi equkethe imithambo yegazi.
Ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zobuchopho
Kunezinye izingxenye eziningi ezincane zobuchopho ezenza imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zazo.
| Ingxenye | Umsebenzi Oyinhloko |
|---|---|
| I-Amygdala | Ukulawula imizwa, ikakhulukazi ukwesaba. |
| I-basal ganglia | Ukulawula nokuhlanganisa ukunyakaza komzimba. |
| I-Hippocampus | Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenkumbulo nokufunda. |
| I-Thalamus | Kufana nesikhungo esiqondisa ulwazi lwezinzwa (ubuhlungu, ukuthinta) oluvela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba luye ezingxenyeni ezifanele zobuchopho. |
| I-Hypothalamus | Ukulawulwa kwamahomoni, ukulawula indlala, ukoma, izinga lokushisa lomzimba, njll. |
| Indlala ye-pituitary | Indlala eyinhloko elawula umsebenzi wamahomoni omzimba. |
| Indlala yephayini | Ukulawula imijikelezo yethu yokulala nokuvuka. |
Ama-lobes obuchopho
I-cerebrum, esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili, iyingxenye enkulu yobuchopho, futhi ihlukaniswe kabanzi ngama-lobes amane. I-lobes ngayinye inomsebenzi ohlukile.
- I-frontal lobe: Le ngxenye yobuchopho, etholakala ngemuva kwebunzi, iyona lobe enkulu kunazo zonke. Ilawula ukunyakaza kwethu kokuzithandela, ukuqonda kwethu komphakathi, ukucabanga, nokufunda.
- I-occipital lobe:Le ngxenye yobuchopho, etholakala ngemuva kobuchopho, inesibopho sokuqonda ulwazi olubonakalayo, okuyilokho okubonayo ngamehlo akho. Yilokho okukusiza ukuthi uqonde lokho okubonayo uma ubuka i-TV noma uhamba emgwaqweni.
- I-parietal lobe: Itholakala phezulu nangemuva kobuchopho, le lobe ithola izimpawu ezivela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba futhi isisiza ukuqonda indawo esizungezile kanye nesimo somzimba wethu. Le ngxenye izwa izinto ezifana nokuthinta, ubuhlungu, kanye nokushisa.
- I-lobe yesikhashana: Itholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zekhanda, eduze kwezindlebe, le lobe isiza ekutholeni inkumbulo, ukuqonda ulimi, kanye nemizwa.
Indaba Empunga Nemhlophe Yobuchopho
Cishe uke wezwa "ngento empunga" kanye "nento emhlophe" yobuchopho. Ake sibheke ukuthi lezi ezimbili ziyini.
Kalula nje, i-grey matter ifana nekhompyutha, ingxenye eyenza umsebenzi. I-white matter ifana nezintambo ezixhunywe kuleyo khompyutha, ingxenye ephethe ulwazi nxazonke.
- Okumpunga: Lena yingxenye yobuchopho engaphandle, emnyama. Isiza ngemisebenzi yethu yansuku zonke, njengokulawula imisipha, ukusebenzisa izinzwa zethu, ukukhumbula izinto, ukuzwa imizwa, nokukhuluma.
- Izinto ezimhlophe: Lokhu kutholakala ngaphansi kwezinto ezimpunga. Imicu yezinzwa kule ndawo ithumela izimpawu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, okusisiza sisebenze kahle.
Izifo ezithinta ubuchopho
Ngenxa yokuthi ubuchopho bulawula cishe yonke into emzimbeni wethu, izimo ezithinta ubuchopho zivame kakhulu. Lezi zingasukela ezimweni ezincane kuya ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ezinye zezimo ezivame kakhulu zifaka:
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer kanye ne-dementia
- I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Isifo se-Autism spectrum (ASD)
- Ukopha kobuchopho
- Isimila sobuchopho
- Ukubhajwa kwekhanda - imihuzuko ekhanda
- Ukucindezeleka
- Isifo Sokuxhuzula
- I-multiple sclerosis
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu
Kulolu hlobo lokugula, impilo yakho yengqondo, ukunyakaza, inkumbulo, ukucabanga, kanye nokukhuluma kungathinteka. Uma unalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
Sigcina kanjani ubuchopho bethu buphilile?
Ngokuvamile sicabanga ngenhliziyo nezinso zethu, kodwa asicabangi kakhulu ngempilo yobuchopho bethu. Kodwa ubuchopho bulawula konke ngathi. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina ubuchopho buphilile kubalulekile.
- Zivocavoce ubuchopho bakho: Ukufunda into entsha, ukufunda incwadi noma iphephandaba, ukwenza izinto ezifana nama-crossword puzzle kanye ne-Sudoku kuyizindlela ezinhle zokuzivocavoca ubuchopho.
- Yiba nobudlelwano nabantu: Ukukhuluma nokuxhumana nabangani nomndeni kuhle kakhulu empilweni yengqondo kanye nasebuchosheni.
- Yidla ukudla okuhle: Faka ukudla okucebile ngezakhamzimba ezifana ne-omega-3, njengenhlanzi, imifino, izithelo namantongomane.
- Ukuzivocavoca njalo: Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho.
- Lala ngokwanele: Kungesikhathi sokulala lapho ubuchopho bukhipha khona ulwazi olungadingekile oluqoqwe usuku lonke bese lulungiselela usuku olusha. Ngakho-ke, ukulala kahle ebusuku amahora angu-7-8 kubalulekile.
- Lawula ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile kuyingozi ebuchosheni. Unganciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokwenza izinto ezifana nokuzindla, i-yoga, kanye nokuzibandakanya nokuzijabulisa okuthandayo.
- Vikela ikhanda lakho: Gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela amabhayisikili nezithuthuthu. Gwema izimo lapho kungase kube nokulimala ekhanda khona ngangokunokwenzeka.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ubuchopho bakho buyisikhungo esiyinhloko esilawula yonke imisebenzi yomzimba wakho.
- Ubuchopho buhlanganiswe izingxenye ezahlukene, futhi ingxenye ngayinye inomsebenzi othize.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela ubuchopho ekulimaleni ekhanda. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izindlela zokuzivikela njengezigqoko zokuzivikela.
- Ukudla okunempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba okwanele, ukulala kahle, kanye nokuxhumana nabantu kungasiza ekugcineni impilo yobuchopho.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ezihlobene nenkumbulo, ukunyakaza, inkulumo, noma ukuziphatha, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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